1 efficient thermal insulation external wall system
The fatal disadvantage of building internal thermal insulation is that it can't avoid cold bridge, and it is easy to form condensed water, which will damage the wall. Therefore, considering the thermal insulation effect and the firmness and safety of external decoration and installation, external thermal insulation and decoration dry hanging technology are the best external thermal insulation methods. The form of external insulation can effectively form a building insulation system, achieve better insulation effect and reduce the occurrence of thermal bridge. Secondly, the air layer between the insulation layer and the external decorative surface can form effective natural ventilation, thus reducing the air conditioning load, saving energy consumption and saving moisture-proof insulation materials. Finally, the external decorative surface is fixed with pendants, which is not bonded, and there is no danger of falling and hurting people.
Placing thermal insulation materials with obvious thermal insulation effect on the outside of the external wall of the building basically eliminates the influence of "thermal bridge" in various parts of the building. So as to give full play to the efficiency of light and high-efficiency thermal insulation materials, and can use thinner thermal insulation materials to achieve higher energy-saving effect compared with internal thermal insulation and sandwich thermal insulation walls of external walls. Protect the insulation layer of the main structure placed outside the building, which greatly reduces the influence of natural temperature, humidity and ultraviolet rays on the main structure. The vertical thermal expansion and contraction of a building may lead to cracks in some non-structural components inside the building, and the external thermal insulation technology can reduce the stress caused by the internal temperature of the structure. It is beneficial to improve the indoor environment, and external insulation can increase the indoor thermal stability. To a certain extent, it can prevent rain from eroding the wall, improve the moisture-proof performance of the wall, avoid condensation and mildew spots in the room, and create a comfortable indoor living environment. External insulation increases the usable area of each household 1.3- 1.8m compared with internal insulation. It is convenient to enrich the external thermal insulation of the fa? ade, and at the same time, it can also use polystyrene board to make concave-convex lines on the wall and other decorations in various shapes, which is convenient for construction and enriches the comparison of different external wall thermal insulation systems of the building fa? ade.
2 efficient door and window system and construction technology
The external window insulation system includes the following three parts: broken bridge aluminum alloy window frame; Insulating glass; Treatment technology of broken bridge connection between window frame and window opening: aluminum hollow glass window with broken bridge is installed on the outer window, and at the same time, air leakage and cold air infiltration heat consumption are reduced by improving the manufacturing and installation accuracy of the window and installing sealing strips. Using high-performance doors and windows, the performance of glass is very important. The heat insulation performance of high-performance glass products is one to several times higher than that of ordinary insulating glass. For example, the thermal conductivity of Low-E insulating glass coated on one side is about 1.7w/m2k, and its thermal insulation performance is twice that of ordinary insulating glass. The U-value of Germany's new thermal insulation and energy-saving glass reaches 0.5, which is better than that of ordinary 900px brick wall 150px polystyrene insulation layer.
3 thermal bridge plugging construction technology
Thermal bridge is a shortcut to heat transfer, which not only causes considerable cold and heat loss, but also causes local condensation, especially after the thermal insulation performance of building external walls, windows and other systems is greatly improved, the problem is becoming more and more prominent.
Therefore, in the design and construction, for windows, balcony slabs, protruding ring beams, structural columns and other parts, certain thermal insulation methods should be adopted to block their thermal bridges, so as to achieve better thermal insulation and energy-saving effects and increase comfort. Hot bridge blocking technology has been excellent abroad and widely used, such as eliminating the cold bridge structure of balcony floor. Germany has very mature products, such as "steel bar/thermal insulation embedded parts". This product is embedded in the concrete floor during construction, which is simple and effective. China is fully capable of developing such products, and it will have a good market response.
4 sunshade system
External sunshade facilities
External shading is the most effective shading facility, which directly blocks out 80% of the solar radiation heat, effectively reducing the air conditioning load and saving energy. Combined with the architectural form, a certain form of adjustable external shading is installed in the south and west directions, which can be adjusted according to the use situation, which not only meets the requirements of shading in summer, but also does not affect the requirements of lighting and sunshine in winter. Moreover, light and temperature sensing elements and electric actuators can be installed to realize intelligent full-automatic control, and the sunshade facilities can be automatically adjusted according to indoor and outdoor temperatures and sunshine intensity when there is no one indoors, so as to reduce the influence of solar radiation and save energy. The traditional external shading system is the roller shutter external shading system. When the sun is strong in summer, you can put down the shutter, which can effectively block the sun. At present, the more advanced is the external sunshade system composed of tempered glass (ice glass). External sunshade system structure (from outside to inside): 1) 12mm thick sliding translucent toughened glass push-pull sunshade panel; 2) air layer; 3) Exterior wall coating, insulation and structure; 4) external window system; Advantages of the combination of tempered glass and insulating glass: the characteristic of insulating glass is that it can let the energy carried by sunlight enter the room, but the heat in the room will not radiate to the outside, which is very beneficial to winter and the room temperature will be too high in summer. When the sun shines on the frosted lines on the surface of tempered glass, it will form diffuse reflection and the heat will be blocked out. The combination of tempered glass and insulating glass isolates most of the sunshine heat in summer, which solves the problem of sun exposure in the west.
From the schematic diagram of different glass structures and noise prevention effects above, it can be seen that the combination of frozen glass and insulating glass can not only play a good shading effect, but also minimize the impact of outdoor noise. Compared with external shading, internal shading facilities have a weak shielding effect on solar radiation, but it is necessary for residential buildings to consider privacy and glare prevention. At the same time, it plays a certain role in improving indoor comfort, reducing air conditioning load and beautifying indoor environment.
5 Indoor respiratory system
Residential Ecological Ventilation Technology and the Concept of "Residential Breathing"
At present, there are two main types of residential dynamic ventilation systems used in Europe. One is the ventilation system of kitchen and bathroom exhaust fan doors and windows. This is cheap and easy to install; Disadvantages are noise interference and unsatisfactory ventilation effect. The other is the ventilation system of external wall air intake equipment, toilet air outlet and roof exhaust fan. While filtering air and reducing noise, indoor ventilation is ensured scientifically and reasonably, and the humid and dirty air in the bathroom is discharged, with little noise interference.
The working principle and function are taken from fresh air at high altitude, filtered, dusted, sterilized, heated/cooled, humidified/dehumidified, etc. And continuously sent out from the air outlet at the bottom of the room at a low speed of 0.3m per second. Fresh air that is two degrees lower than room temperature forms new waves on the ground, gradually rises, takes away the dirty gas in the human body room, and finally is discharged through the exhaust hole. Effectively adjust the indoor air humidity, keep the room dry and comfortable at all times, and have a strong dehumidification effect on the humid air in Dalian in summer. You can get fresh air without opening the window, reduce indoor heat loss and save energy. Drive away harmful gases that may exist for a long time in indoor decoration.
Three principles of fresh air system principle one: clear ventilation path. Fresh air enters from the clean air area and is discharged from the dirty air area. Generally, dirty air is discharged from toilets, bathrooms and kitchens, and fresh air is sent from living rooms, bedrooms and other areas. Principle 2: Determine the ventilation volume to meet the fresh air demand of people's daily routine. According to the national ventilation standard, each person must guarantee 30 cubic meters per hour. Principle 3: Clear the ventilation time, ensure the continuity of fresh air, and provide uninterrupted ventilation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
6 green roof system
Green roof technology
In this regard, there are mature green roofing technologies abroad, which are suitable for different conditions and different plant growth structures. For example, under normal circumstances, some plants that are easy to survive, low in cost and need no management can be planted, such as grasses and mosses. Or plant plants with good ornamental effect, regular maintenance and high soil thickness, so that they can form different landscape effects with seasonal changes.
On the one hand, this structure should meet the different requirements of plant growth and solve the problems of water storage and ventilation; At the same time, the technical structure must ensure that the waterproof layer at the top of the building is not destroyed by plant roots, thus improving the comfort of living.
7 Roof rainwater system
Siphon rainwater system is an advanced roof drainage system in the world today. It has been more than 20 years since it was born, and it has been widely used in various complex roofing projects.
Siphon rainwater system makes use of the potential energy difference of different heights, so that vacuum is generated locally in the pipeline system, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly discharging rainwater through siphon action.
Intelligent system of eight residential quarters
"one, two, three" of intelligent system in residential quarters;
One platform: intelligent community system, comprehensive management network platform, two foundations: control network and information network, and three branches: security system, equipment management system and information management system.
The intelligent system of residential quarters is advanced, developed and backed up, which can meet and adapt to the needs of residents, apply mature and reliable products that are easy to integrate, expand, operate and maintain, and at the same time reduce the overall cost of the system as much as possible, and realize the management integration of equipment, functions and information of each subsystem through computer networks and other related technologies. Make it an interconnected, unified and coordinated system, and the system resources can be fully enjoyed, thus reducing the waste of resources and the repeated investment of hardware equipment, and realizing real convenience, safety, practicality and reliability.
9 ceiling heating and cooling system
Laying high-performance engineering plastic pipe in concrete floor. In winter, the inlet water temperature of heating is 33℃, and the return water temperature is 30℃. In summer, the inlet temperature of refrigeration is 18℃, and the return temperature is 2 1℃. By controlling the temperature of hot and cold water, the indoor temperature is kept at 20-26℃.
In winter, the floor will evenly radiate heat of 28℃ to 29℃, and the indoor temperature will make people feel warm and comfortable. The temperature of the human body is around 30℃, so there will be no baking feeling. In summer, the floor temperature 19℃ to 24℃ can take away the excess heat in the room.
The largest proportion of heat exchange between human beings and the environment is radiation, and about half of the heat is emitted from the head. Ceiling heating system uses top radiation to heat and cool, which is healthier, more comfortable and more effective than ordinary methods. 2/4 Home Previous 1234 Next Previous Beijing Wanguocheng adopted this technology. When testing the indoor temperature, the indoor temperature is measured at the heights of 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m from the roof, and the temperature difference is 0.2-0.3, which is not easy for human body to notice, so the low-temperature radiation heating and cooling method is the most comfortable in civil buildings at present. Advantages of ceiling heating and cooling system: the service life of heating and cooling system materials is as long as that of buildings, and it does not depend on outdoor chassis, and the cold and heat exchange medium that will not damage the appearance of buildings is water. The temperature adjustment mode emitted by green environmental protection radiation can automatically adjust the indoor temperature, and there is no wind and flu. The heating and cooling system is completely separated from the fresh air replacement system, and the healthy and efficient radiation heating and cooling efficiency is high. The radiation mode with uniform upper and lower temperatures is more comfortable and does not occupy the effective indoor area. The system is set on the ceiling concrete, which does not occupy the indoor hole, and the radiation temperature is lower than the human skin temperature, so there will be no baking feeling.
10 solar system
The utilization of solar energy can generally be divided into two categories: solar collector plates and solar photovoltaic power generation. The technology of solar collector plate is mature, and the equipment and materials are not expensive, so it has certain application.
1 1 ground source heat pump system
The ground source coupled heat pump unit can be used as a cold and heat source system for heating in winter and cooling in summer, and provide domestic hot water at the same time. It uses the relatively stable temperature of underground soil, rock and groundwater, inputs a small amount of high-grade energy (such as electric energy), and exchanges heat with soil, rock and groundwater through buried pipeline system. In summer, the heat in the building is carried out by indoor refrigeration, part of which is used to provide free domestic heat, and the rest is stored underground. In winter, the low-grade heat energy stored underground is transported by heat pump to provide heating and domestic hot water for buildings.
The energy consumption of ground source coupled heat pump is very low, only 25%-35% of that of conventional system. It consists of water circulation system, heat exchanger, ground source heat pump unit, air conditioning terminal and control system.
12 cogeneration system
Cogeneration of heat, power and cooling is to use coal or gas to generate primary steam and steam turbine to generate electricity, and at the same time fully recover the low-grade waste heat discharged from it, that is, medium-high temperature secondary steam and high-temperature flue gas, to provide domestic heat, winter heating and summer electric refrigeration for single-effect or double-effect lithium bromide refrigerators, so as to realize cogeneration of heat, power and cooling.
The efficiency of cogeneration of heat, electricity and cooling is relatively high. The actual operating efficiency of large thermal power plants is only about 36%, while the actual operating efficiency of cogeneration projects can reach about 60-80%.
13 VAV air conditioning system
VAV system is composed of variable frequency central air conditioning system and VAV terminal equipment, which is a high comfort and low energy consumption air conditioning system.
Compared with the conventional system, VAV system has many advantages: all energy-consuming devices in the system can adjust the energy output through frequency conversion, and even in the case of low load, it can work with higher efficiency through frequency conversion adjustment, saving a lot of energy. Each room in the system can start, stop and adjust the temperature independently, without affecting each other, creating a high degree of comfort for users. Frequency conversion technology is to reduce the energy output by adjusting the frequency of water chillers, pumps, fans and other equipment to meet the load demand when the air conditioning load demand of buildings changes (such as indoor personnel, outdoor temperature and solar radiation intensity changes). Its overall energy saving effect can reach 30-40%.
14 floating building technology
Technology of eliminating floor noise and floating floor
In order to solve the noise caused by floor impact, the "SchwimmendeEstrich" structure is widely used in German residential floors. That is, a layer of thermal insulation and sound insulation material is laid on the structural floor, and a 6-200px concrete mortar layer is poured on it. This kind of floor seems to float on the insulation layer, separated from the floor and the surrounding walls, thus achieving excellent sound insulation effect.
15 water utilization system
Reclaimed water treatment system is a water source that reaches the standard after physical or chemical treatment, such as domestic wastewater, cooling water and production sewage, and is reused for toilet flushing, lawn irrigation, car washing, industrial circulating water and cleaning water. It is a good thing to make full use of limited water resources to replace the same amount of tap water and reduce the operating load of urban sewage treatment plants, which will benefit the country and the people and benefit future generations.
16 drainage noise treatment system
Generally speaking, there are the following types of indoor noise from houses:
1. Outdoor noise is introduced into the room through external walls and windows; 3/4 Home Page Previous Page 1234 Next Page Last Page
2. The noise of upstairs activities is introduced into the downstairs room through the floor; 3. Noise generated by the impact of running water on the wall of sewer pipe; Solution: 1 External sunshade system and external window system can effectively block outdoor noise; 2. Add a soundproof mat under the floor mat to prevent indoor noise from spreading upstairs; 3. Drainage noise treatment system; Drainage noise system-same floor drainage: the same floor drainage system originated in Europe and has a history of forty or fifty years. Although the system has not entered the China market for a long time, it has developed rapidly and has been widely used in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and other places. Interlayer drainage: the drainage branch pipe passes through the floor and is connected with the riser on the ceiling of the lower household.
Drainage on the same floor: the drainage branch pipe and main drainage branch pipe on the same floor do not cross the floor, but are connected with the main drainage riser on the same floor.
System composition: 1, HDPE piping system. 2. Installation parts of concealed system. 3. Sanitary appliances supporting drainage on the same floor. 4. Traps. Advantages of drainage on the same floor: Compared with the traditional interlayer drainage system, the drainage system on the same floor has the following advantages: Sound insulation: The fake wall can play the role of sound insulation and visual enhancement by being installed in front of the wall. Independence: in the bathroom, the pipeline does not cross floors, so it enjoys real independence of property rights, and even if it is repaired, it does not need cross-floor maintenance. Freedom: the room design and indoor space layout are more flexible, and personalized decoration can be realized only by adjusting the drainage branch pipe. Water saving: HDPE pipe with smooth inner surface and unique water tank design are adopted to improve the drainage effect of the system and realize the real water saving function. Economy: The drainage technology in the same layer is adopted, which greatly reduces the number of power pipes, branch pipes and fittings of the system, with less materials and construction, and high cost performance. Reliable connection: The selected PE pipe adopts hot melt connection, which not only has high connection strength, but also prevents leakage and ensures safe use for 50 years.
17 central dust removal system
The concept of central dust removal system is to separate the main engine from the dust collection area and discharge the filtered air outside. This not only solves the problem of poor indoor hygiene, but also eliminates the secondary pollution after dust removal.
Principle: The central dust removal system places the main dust remover in places with low hygiene requirements, such as underground equipment floor, garage and clean room. And embed the vacuum pipe into the wall, leaving only a vacuum socket the size of an ordinary power socket outside the wall. When cleaning is needed, just insert the hose into the dust suction port. At this time, the system automatically starts the switch of the main vacuum cleaner, and the dust, paper scraps, cigarette butts, harmful microorganisms and even smoke smell in the guest room are detected. Anyone can clean completely or partially at any time to ensure the cleanest indoor environment. The cleaning capacity of the central dust removal system is five times that of the general vacuum cleaner, and the hose length can be selected at will. This system is already a necessary system in Europe and America, and there are many projects in use in China.
18 food waste treatment system
Kitchen waste, which accounts for a considerable proportion of municipal waste, not only affects the indoor environment, but also is the source of indoor pest breeding and disease spread.
Food waste disposal system is a pure imported product, which was introduced to China by a few foreign manufacturers in the early 1990s.
At present, many high-grade fine-decorated houses, including Shang Feng International, Vanke, Olympic Garden, Huaxin International and Zhujiang Dijing, have used the kitchen waste treatment system. A large amount of food waste generated every day directly enters the septic tank through the food waste processor installed under the drain of the kitchen sink.
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