Protection unit level: national level
It is the place where Tan Sitong 15- 17 lived. Tan sitong's ancestors mostly made a living by teaching and reading. His grandfather Tan Xueqin is a county magistrate and has four sons. Tan Sitong's father Tan Jixun ranked third. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he was admitted as a scholar and became an official in Beijing. Because of his personality preference, he bought the ancestral temple that originally belonged to Zhou as private property. After several constructions, it has become an existing quadrangle-style residence. This building was built in the late Ming Dynasty. When Tan Sitong's father, Tan Jixun, served as the governor of Hubei Province, he was pardoned as the "official residence of Dafu Land" by the emperor's decree because of his prominent official position.
The reason why "Dafudi" attracts many tourists is not only because it is beautifully decorated and magnificent, but also because it was once the former residence of Tan Sitong, one of the "Six Gentlemen of the 1898 Movement" in China's modern history. 1865 (4 years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty) March 10, Tan Sitong was born in Lanmian Hutong outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing. He followed his father and studied with his teacher since childhood. 13 (1877) years old, he first returned to his ancestral home Liuyang and lived in "Dafu Land". Although the time is not long, I have left many intriguing stories: Tan Fu has a family member, Lu, who is favored by her husband and discriminates and insults Tan Sitong in various ways. On New Year's Eve, Tan's family sat around the fire. This angered Tan Jizhun and accused Tan Sitong, but his father was overjoyed. He thinks his son is good and dares to argue with the teacher. On the spot, he produced Tan Sitong, the first pair of joint entrance examinations: "It's dark on New Year's Eve, and lighting lights adds color to Gan Kun." The next morning, Tan Sitong ran all the way to the ancestral temple, aimed at the drums hanging in the East Corridor and banged on the tee. Father woke up and asked about couplets. Tan sitong said, "In the early spring, the thunder did not move, and the three drums sent it to help heaven and earth become famous." It can be seen that Tan Sitong has been diligent and studious since he was a child. The former residence displays Tan Sitong's bedroom and study, as well as the poems that Tan Sitong has read. 1879 (Guangxu five years), Tan Sitong returned to Liuyang from Gansu. During his three years in Liuyang, he studied classics and history, read widely, danced sticks and cast swords in the "Dafudi" (who studied under Wang Wu). Once, his good friends Tang and cousin saw him practicing martial arts in the garden and wanted to try his kung fu. They said, "I heard that your braid is very strong." Let's play. " Tan asked Tang to catch the braid, and sure enough, the braid flew away. From then on, Tang studied fencing and martial arts with Tan Sitong and developed into like-minded friends. 188 1 year, there were two buttonwood trees supporting the sky in the yard of "Dafudi", and one of them was struck by lightning. Tan Sitong made two lyres from old branches, named "Lei Shen" (separated) and "Beng Ting" (now in the Tibetan Museum). The piano "Benting" has a clay-gold regular script inscription, and its timbre is pure and melodious. Tan sitong especially cherishes it. Whenever the dead of night, he either plays the "jumping ting" piano or dances the "wind moment" sword. It can be seen that Tan Sitong is proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and is really a versatile man.
1890- 1897, Tan Sitong returned to Liuyang many times and lived in the "blessed land" to discuss patriotic strategies with friends and explore ways to save the country. He was influenced by many patriotic thoughts here and became interested in physics, astronomy, geology and mathematics. He thinks that eight-part essay can't save the country. 1896, there was a drought in Liuyang, and the people lived in poverty. He actively organized disaster relief and won the trust of local officials and gentry. So, in the second year after the computer club of Tainan University was closed, he, together with Tang and Ouyang Zhonggu, successfully founded the first science and technology organization in China's modern history, the New Computing Museum (within the territory of No.1 Middle School), which promoted new learning and advocated science.
1On September 28th, 898, Tan Sitong was killed in Caishikou, Beijing, because he participated in the political reform. When Tan Sitong was martyred, his father, Tan Jixun, happened to meet a court official and was waiting for orders at home. At this time, the Reform Movement of 1898 failed, and he had to return to his hometown "Dafu Land" to recuperate. Since he married Tan Sitong, his wife Li Run has actively supported her husband's reform cause and donated Yin and Yang to the non-foot-binding association. When she learned the news of Tan Sitong's sacrifice, she was very sad and often cried at night. On one occasion, my father-in-law Tan Jixun went to the window to comfort him and said, "Sister-in-law, you can't come back even if you die. In the future, his fame is likely to be higher than mine. Don't worry. " So Li leap turned grief into strength and changed his name to Yi Sheng. 19 12, the first girls' school in Liuyang was established. Because of her advanced age, she became the honorary principal. She is keen on running a school, setting up a nursery bureau and other public welfare undertakings. When Li Run was 60 years old, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao presented a horizontal plaque "Perfect Man" and hung it in the second hall of the former residence of "Dafu Land". Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. She has been living as a "blessed land" and spent her old age here.
After the sacrifice of the martyr Tan, the Tan family began to decline slowly, and the area of "Dafu Land" gradually shrank. In 25 years of the Republic of China, the former gatehouse was changed to pavement, with an existing building area of 762 square meters, which has experienced ups and downs for more than 300 years. 1944, the Japanese army entered Liuyang, where the descendants of the Tan family opened a "garden hotel" to protect their houses. Therefore, the former residence was not looted and was not affected. After liberation, there were 65,438+02 households here, and it was not until 65,438+0,996,65,438+0,654,38+0.00 that they were declared as state-level cultural relics protection units that they officially moved. At present, with the support of National Cultural Heritage Administration, provincial and municipal leaders and relevant departments, the "Dafu Land" has been completely renovated.
The windows of the former residence are carved on both sides, that is to say, the front and back are the same, and the middle is carved and hollowed out. This screen door is usually closed in the middle. But there are two exceptions. Which two? One is that there are more important guests at home, so it is a high courtesy to open the screen door and open the middle door to welcome guests, instead of letting guests go through the side door; On the other hand, if there is a wedding or funeral at home, you should not only open the screen door, but also open the Zhengde Mountain Gate, which will be very convenient for pedestrians to get in and out. There is a small movable board behind the door, similar to the cat's eye of the security door at home now, but our cat's eye is mainly to open the door for warning; And this activity board is for the convenience of everyone. As we all know, women's status in the old society was very low, and they stayed at home. If there are guests at home, she also wants to share the lively scene outside in the central hall. What should I do? As long as you lift this small movable board, you can secretly see the situation outside. ?
Tan Jixun's father's bedroom. Tan Jizhun is from Liuyang. He passed the imperial examination and embarked on a career. His official position is first-class Sasa. When he became the governor of Hubei Province, his private residence was referred to as "Dafu Difu" because of his prominent official position. Tan Jizhun is an honest official, and he is also strict and cautious in dealing with people. 1898 was dismissed for his involvement in the coup, and then returned to his hometown, where he lived for a long time and died at the age of 78 in 1900. Tan Jizhun is a prescient old man. Knowing that his son was beheaded by the imperial court in Beijing, he wrote a couplet, "rumors will spread all over Kyushu, nothing more than curses;" Zhao Xue is in the future, I don't know! "
Tan Sitong's bedroom and study are preserved in the former residence. The building of Tan Sitong's former residence has a characteristic. Except the hall and corridor are paved with blue bricks and pebbles, all rooms are paved with wooden floors, and the color of wooden floors in bedroom rooms is different. Because when Tan Sitong's former residence was renovated, the floors of all rooms no longer existed, but the floors of Tan Sitong's bedroom and study remained. Due to the age, some places collapsed. During the repair process, it was not completely replaced manually, but only partially repaired and replaced in places where the collapse was particularly serious. We are stepping on the same floor as before.
Li Run's bedroom remains in his former residence. Tan's family is a noble family, and his wife is the same age as Tan Sitong. They got married at the age of 0/9 and died at the age of 33. After they got married at the age of 65,438+05, they separated. His wife understands her husband very well. Because of their deep feelings, after the martyrdom, his wife cried bitterly. Later, under the persuasion of her family, she changed the environment and moved from the back floor to this room. Originally, a child was born, and his son died before he was one year old, so he left no immediate descendants. His wife died, 1925. Their cemeteries are less than 200 meters apart and buried in Lishui Village, Liuyang. In March 2009, the parking lot of Liu Yanghe Hotel "broke into" the protection scope of Tan Sitong's former residence, a national key cultural relics protection unit. Changsha Cultural Relics Bureau punished him according to law, but the hotel took him to court on the grounds of ultra vires punishment. In the following two years, after being tried by two courts in Changsha, the cultural relics administrative department of Changsha lost the case twice. This case has attracted the close attention of national legal experts and cultural protection experts.
20 12 On May 30th, the scene of Tan Sitong's former residence in Liuyang remained the same as that of three years ago. The parking lot on the south side of the former residence is full of cars, and the bronze statue of Tan Sitong is surrounded by cars. The parking lot is only 1.3 meters away from the south wall of the former residence. The explanatory tablet next to the main entrance of the former residence pointed out that the protection scope of Tan Sitong's former residence is 30 meters around, and the parking lot is obviously located in it. According to the staff of the former residence, whenever the hotel business is in the peak period, the parking lot is full of cars, and there are too many cars coming in and out, and the floor tiles of the parking lot are crushed.
According to the person in charge of Liuyang Cultural Relics Bureau, the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics stipulates that no other engineering construction, blasting, drilling, excavation and other operations are allowed within the protection scope of cultural relics protection units. However, in early 2009, Liu Yanghe Hotel built a parking lot in Tan Sitong bronze statue square on the south side of Tan Sitong's former residence without authorization. After receiving the report, Liuyang Cultural Relics Bureau immediately issued a notice of suspension to the hotel. Who knows, the hotel wrote back the next day, saying that the parking lot under construction was bought by the hotel for 2 million yuan, and the normal greening and lighting of the hotel in the garden of this unit was approved by the government, and this lighting and greening was the protection of Tan Sitong's former residence.
On March 23, 2009, the Provincial Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee made a cultural relics appraisal certificate after the on-site investigation in Dafudi, and considered that the parking lot was built in the core protection area of the former residence, only 1.3 meters away from the wall base of the former residence, which was a serious safety hazard. According to the above appraisal conclusion, the Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage, with the consent of the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage, imposed an administrative penalty of 300,000 yuan on Liu Yanghe Hotel by demolishing the parking lot and restoring the original appearance of the green space, and delivered a notice of administrative penalty to Liu Yanghe Hotel on April 14.
Liuyanghe Hotel refused to accept the decision and filed an administrative reconsideration with Changsha Municipal Government. In April 2009, the municipal government reconsidered and upheld the punishment decision of the Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau. Nevertheless, Liu Yanghe Hotel insists on building a parking lot. Zhao You, director of Liuyang Cultural Relics Bureau, said that they are joining hands with the planning department to put forward an idea on the protection, development and utilization of Tan Sitong's former residence and surrounding environment. "If the idea can be realized, Tan Sitong's former residence is expected to restore its original appearance." According to this line of thinking, unsuitable buildings around will be demolished. According to Jin Xianlin, deputy director of Liuyang Planning Bureau, there are no policy obstacles to restoring the original appearance. According to the relevant laws and regulations, there can be no buildings within 30 meters of the national cultural relics protection unit. "The biggest difficulty is the lack of funds."
Tan Zhihong, Tan Sitong's fourth-generation grandson and chairman of Hunan Zhuzhou Hailian Industrial Development Corporation, was very pleased to learn that the relevant departments were going to restore Tan Sitong's former residence to its original appearance: "Next year is the anniversary of Tan Sitong's martyrdom 1 10. As descendants, we are also planning to do something, such as asking the professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts to carve a bronze statue and stand next to the former residence. "
Now is the best time to implement it. "In recent years, the protection of historical buildings has become a * * * knowledge and has a good public opinion atmosphere; Secondly, most of the properties occupied by restoring the former residence and building a square are government departments, and the demolition is not complicated. "