(2) The organic dysarthria is due to the abnormal morphology of vocal organs, resulting in abnormal function.
(3) Functional dysarthria means that the dysarthria is in a fixed state, but the cause of dysarthria cannot be found, that is, the dysarthria organ has no abnormal morphology and motor function, the hearing is at a normal level, and the language development has reached the level of over 4 years old, that is, the dysarthria has been fixed. (1) The causes of motor dysarthria are common in cerebrovascular accident, brain tumor, cerebral palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, mild brain injury, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
(2) The common causes of organic dysarthria are congenital cleft lip and palate, congenital facial cleft, macroglossia, abnormal dentition, morphological and functional damage of dysarthria organs caused by trauma, and congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency.
(3) Functional dysarthria may be related to auditory reception, discrimination, cognitive factors, motor factors in acquiring articulation skills and some factors in language development, and most of them can be completely cured by articulation training. Clinically, it is more common in children, especially preschool children. Dysarthria patients mainly show the changes of speech auditory characteristics such as inaccurate pronunciation, unclear articulation, voice, tone, speech speed, rhythm and excessive nasal sounds, that is to say, the speech is vague and fluent. In severe cases, words are not expressive, words are not sentences, and it is difficult to understand. In the worst case, you can't speak or make a sound at all. However, the content and grammar expressed by patients with dysarthria are often normal, and there is no difficulty in understanding other people's languages, but oral expression is a barrier. Dysarthria can be the main or only symptom of patients, or it can be a secondary accompanying symptom.
Dysarthria caused by different reasons has different clinical characteristics and often has specific accompanying symptoms. Dysarthria caused by upper motor neuron injury is often accompanied by other symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy, such as dysphagia, choking in drinking water, etc., and is often accompanied by symptoms such as strong crying and strong laughing. Dysarthria caused by the damage of lower motor neurons often manifests as dysphagia, and in severe cases, dyspnea may occur. Myogenic dysarthria often leads to weakness or atrophy of trunk and limb muscles. Dysarthria caused by minor brain injury is often accompanied by symptoms such as ataxia of limb movement, decreased muscle tension and unstable balance. Dysarthria caused by basal ganglia lesions may be accompanied by abnormal limb muscle tone and involuntary movement.