It takes about 20 years for China to import goods from industrialized countries.
The concept, theory, organization, methods and means of management by objectives have all achieved great success.
Less scores. However, it should be recognized that the weakest workers in project management
The work link is information management. So far, most of the letters from the owners and constructors.
Information management is still relatively backward, mainly in the understanding of information management.
The organization, methods and means of information management basically stay in
In the traditional way and mode.
The application of information technology by many enterprises still stays in the 20th century.
The degree in the 1970s, that is, the application of a single program, has not yet taken shape.
As a system, the advantages of informatization are not reflected. And believe
The fundamental advantage of informatization lies in the integration and enjoyment of information.
At present, the informatization process of domestic construction enterprises is uneven. one
Some large enterprises have established office automation systems and bidding departments.
System, design calculation system, project management system, etc. , initially realized the enterprise.
Industrial information management. But the informatization level of most construction enterprises is still very low.
Relatively low, a large part of the work is still done by hand, and the information base is relatively flat.
Taiwan Province is still not perfect, and the application scope of professional software is narrow, mainly focusing on
Financial and budgeting software, and mainly stand-alone version, failed to realize informatization.
* * * Resource sharing and automatic transmission. For example, making a report, some people are
All kinds of data are calculated and then input into the computer one by one, as if using electricity.
The brain does this just for beauty, which is less efficient. I don't know Excel.
The software itself has strong computing function and database function, and
And you can also judge, classify and summarize, sort, form charts and so on. this
Only the application of individual programs is not in place. As for the departments,
Not to mention the fusion enjoyment of * *. There are also some enterprises because of the grassroots
Management confusion makes it difficult for professional software to play its role.
The existing software has no effect, or the software has been bought but no one uses it.
noodle The reasons are: firstly, information technology has not been paid enough attention;
Second, it is considered that configuring software and hardware facilities such as computers is informatization.
2 the necessity of using information technology
So does this mean that as a construction enterprise, the existing management
The model is already very good, so it doesn't need such advanced information technology.
And then what? That was not the case. Traditional management methods have mixed business processes.
Confusion, poor communication, information lag and other issues. According to relevant international documents
This paper introduces many problems existing in the implementation of construction projects.
Two thirds of them are related to information exchange (information communication); Construction worker
10% ~ 33% project cost increase and problems in information exchange
Topic-related; Information exchange in large-scale construction projects
Errors that lead to engineering changes and engineering implementation account for about the total project cost.
3% ~ 5%. This shows the importance of information management.
2. 1 Informatization of construction management is the need for effective use of information resources.
Information is a resource. If it can't be effectively stored and processed,
Transmission is a waste of resources. For example, in the process of building construction,
The data before concrete pouring is not only the strength label and number of concrete.
Almost all information except quantity is ignored. And neglected cement, sand
Physical and chemical quality of raw materials such as stone, concrete mixing, and
Delivery time, weather conditions, transportation time and road traffic.
Conditions may affect the quality of concrete. After pouring, in addition to pouring
The data and pouring quantity outside the construction site are almost completely ignored; but
Neglected concrete vibrating, test block, curing and reinforcement
The production of steel bars is also related to the quality of the project. Informatization process
Processing is to store these data in a timely, orderly and batch manner. It is strong here.
Tone, traceability, openness and transferability are too important for informatization.
Requirements for process characteristics. Traceability means that information has certain positive significance.
Or a reverse lookup function; Publicity means that data can be consulted conditionally.
Yes, not personal behavior management; Transitivity means all cases.
It is not limited to a certain place and has the ability to transmit on the Internet.
2.2 Information technology can make the project under control.
The process of project management is the same as that of many systems.
Yes, it should be PDCA cycle. This is the heaviest of them.
What is needed is a feedback mechanism to automate industrial production.
It is precisely because of this feedback mechanism that timely shipment can be made.
The deviation of the line process is fed back to the control system, and the control system can be timely.
Make adjustments to ensure that the production process is relatively stable and controlled. but
In practical work, sometimes everyone doesn't know the running state of the system.
It is impossible to control the production process. For example, the difference in the amount of concrete.
This is an old problem, but the quantity is often not known until the project is over.
Pity. For this problem, the ideal state should be that the field personnel are mixing.
When the concrete production system wants concrete, it is necessary to know the mixing specifically and accurately.
Location and dosage of concrete to be poured, such as foundation prediction to be poured.
Building concrete 12 m3, if the pouring of 12 m3 is still not completed, it is necessary to check it.
I wonder if there is something wrong. So after each casting,
You can know how big the difference is, and you won't accumulate thousands of differences in the end.
I still don't know the difference.
In the interaction of cost, duration and quality, in many projects.
For the project cost manager,
The most important problem is that you can't control the accurate project cost "in real time"
Cost accounting and other information, and then make decisions on project management.
It is too late. Therefore, strengthening the "informatization" of project cost management can make information
Timely feedback is very important for controlling the project.
Three aspects of information technology in construction management
Good project management must have the following three factors: ① Correct.
Project cognition: carry on the project through the implementation of information system.
Decompose and reorganize the process to make the project structure clearer and the key points more prominent.
Outstanding, is conducive to the overall understanding and grasp of the project. ② For the project.
Provide a good cooperation environment: through the decomposition and execution of tasks,
All departments and participants are responsible for their own functions and the whole project.
A clear understanding of the position is conducive to division of labor and cooperation. ③ Continue.
Effective control. The biggest advantage of information system is that resources can be shared and reversed.
Timely feedback is beneficial to effective control. Specifically, information technology
It can play a role in the following aspects.
3. 1 project management
(1) bidding. Engineering quantity calculation, tender preparation.
(2) Construction organization. Construction plan; Keywords network planning, enrichment,
Accurate information and advanced analysis methods are prerequisites for decision-making and planning.
By the way. At present, many network plans are often prepared without approval.
Very accurate calculation, only by experience, process control is only for a few.
A big node, whether scientific or not, the corresponding information.
The source configuration scheme is also unclear; Rebar sample turning; Template and foot hand design,
Calculation and configuration; Scheme, design and calculation of deep foundation pit enclosure.
(3) Process control. Budget and final accounts, cost control; Financial management; quality
Quality and safety management; Construction site monitoring; Statistical reports, etc.
(4) Resource management. Allocation of human resources, materials and equipment; contract
Management; Drawing management.
3.2 Office Automation
Office automation involves financial statistics, file management and management.
Public information management, personnel management, fixed assets management, etc. , these functions include
Information transmission, e-mail, document circulation, work schedule, cooperation.
Same office, workflow automation, etc. For a large amount of information exchange,
Communication and * * * enjoy the need, no matter what form of office automation.
The system should contain the information needed for the office process.
Basic functions such as communication, communication and enjoyment need to be highly scalable.
High reliability and high performance network communication platform. Therefore, the realization of
Office automation should start with building a highly extensible communication platform.
Taiwan Province, starting from the basic transaction layer application, is gradually realized.
Realize daily office system through office automation system,
An information service system and an effective automated letter for secretarial documents.
Information management system, real-time processing of various business data, and will process
Transfer fruits to improve work efficiency in an all-round way.
3.3 Digitization of enterprise management
Digitalization of enterprise management is the use of computer to process information.
The ability of power and network data transmission will make enterprises play an important role in management, engineering, manufacturing.
Price, cost, materials, planning, statistics, technology, quality, safety and management
Information, etc., for enterprise managers to conduct comprehensive and comprehensive processing.
Required information, such as construction progress, material supply, cost accounting, etc.
In order to facilitate real-time management, reduce costs, ensure quality and strengthen self-management.
Physical competitiveness. The close cooperation between subsystems makes all business departments
The door can get the relevant information in time and accurately, so as to
Enterprises realize "information management, simplification and discovery of complex work."
Timely problems and scientific cost accounting.
4 Information means of construction management
4. 1 Practical guiding ideology
Informatization is a gradual process, and we can't be greedy for perfection.
Copy it, but it should be gradually improved according to the actual situation of the enterprise. For example, ERP (Enterprise)
Enterprise resource planning system).
(Management Information System) This
Some large-scale systems are good, but their investment is also huge.
It is even harder to get up. It is best to base on existing resources and adopt some
Improve locally, accumulate experience and gradually improve.
The first is the change of consciousness, and trust should be built through publicity and training.
The concept of information. Informatization is a process of full participation, which requires
Coordination and cooperation in all aspects.
Secondly, we should give full play to the potential of existing resources. Existing capital
Sources include hardware, software and personnel. The key is to optimize these resources.
Pass, carry on the system design of business process, in order to collect information.
Targeted, so that information query can be traced and give full play to its role.
4.2 Leaders attach great importance to continuous protection.
Informatization is a long-term systematic project, which requires a certain amount of investment.
Manpower, material resources, financial resources, but also need to coordinate all aspects of the relationship, management.
It is impossible to complete the business process and informatization in a short time.
Good, also can't achieve immediate results. Therefore, only leaders are important.
It is possible to stick to it.
4.3 unified planning, straighten out business processes
On the basis of making good use of individual procedures, make unified planning and straighten out the industry.
There is an important idea in business process, that is, backward derivation in mathematics.
Guide, that is, what results we hope to get, just look in the opposite direction.
What kind of conditions are needed. Take the bidding process as an example to explain how to transport.
Using information technology to improve efficiency;
(1) After obtaining the drawings, the engineering quantity shall be calculated. ① involve
Software: engineering quantity calculation software and steel bar calculation software (such as Tsinghua Siwei).
Three-dimensional calculation 3DA2006, comprehensive calculation of engineering quantity and reinforcement).
(2) Output: engineering quantity (can be exported as an Excel table or exported.
Quota database, directly used by pricing software).
(2) quotation. (1) involves software, such as macro industry list pricing experts,
You can import data directly from Swire 3D computing. ② Required quantity
According to: engineering quantity; Material price → material price information base (self-built by enterprises)
Or refer to the information price), market inquiry → supplier catalogue; Enterprise quota
(Actual consumption level and advanced level of labor and materials; Measurement item
Actual consumption; Reference data of all kinds of project cost). ③ Lose
Output: Project cost, including the quantity of labor, materials and other resources.
(Quota or list table and Excel table can be output).
(3) business standard. ① Software involved: professional tender preparation software or
Word software. ② Required data: project cost (actual consumption of enterprises)
Consumption), licenses and performance data, financial statements for the past three years and similar work.
Cheng contract.
(4) technical standards. ① Software involved: professional tender preparation software or
Word software, professional graphic production software or AutoCAD software,
Project management software P3 or project. ② Required information: sum of engineering quantity.
Resource requirements (for planning), human resource data
(Resume of project manager, resumes of all kinds of managers), quantity of engineering information
According to (data of projects under construction and completed), data of construction machines and tools (equipment type
Quantity, source, strength, etc. ). ③ Output: site layout, equipment selection and input.
Degree plan, construction method, etc.
As can be seen from the above analysis, any work is not.
Isolated, its input and output are closely related to other work.
The significance of informatization lies in the information transmission of all work.
Smoother, so that the information generated by each work can be stored.
Come on, call at any time in the future.
Through such demand analysis and reverse derivation, it can be clearly seen that
What is useful information, what software is needed, and what department is needed to collect it.
What data? Accordingly, the business process of the project was reorganized and designed.
Distribute a set of system tables to all relevant departments to collect daily data.
Useful data in daily work, and then put these data into electronic documents.
Dump the way of * * * enjoyment, and finally summarize it to the decision maker.
Provide scientific basis for management and decision-making.
4.4 Continuous improvement
Data can only be continuously collected and accumulated to a certain amount.
Only in the future can it be referenced and representative, and it can be used as the basis for prediction.
According to. The establishment of the system will not happen overnight and needs to be implemented.
In this process, problems are constantly found and solved, so that we can continue.
Oh, my god
To sum up, information management is a relatively new thing.
Things will inevitably take some detours in the construction process. With the intensification of competition,
Drama and construction enterprises urgently need to use information technology to strengthen scientific management.