The primary goal of the blueprint design methodology is to solve the standardization of the blueprint scheme, and to formulate the business framework, budget solution ideas and scheme formulation principle process of the blueprint scheme; The second is to apply the framework and the idea of solving the future business needs of the process design project, further plan and clarify the business scope, promote the consistency of the goals and ideas of both parties, and ensure the correctness of the future detailed scheme design direction and ideas. Third, standardize the standardization of project implementation. Due to the different management needs of customers and different implementers, the final blueprint design scheme is different, but the design method, framework and content are the same. I hope that newcomers can know how to design blueprints after getting this manual.
Looking at the business services and products provided by our company, we are not focused on providing IT (information or digital) planning service providers, but from the perspective of project practice, we provide customers with management accounting and its digital services, and at the same time, we export supporting information solutions focused on our professional services. Our plans and blueprints mainly focus on management accounting or comprehensive budget management. From the aspects of structure, content and thinking design, the demand for our professional consulting ability, service, digital transformation and intelligent management of landing customers is emphasized.
The difference between blueprint design methodology and IT planning methodology written in this paper. The similarity is to follow the traditional IT planning methods and processes, but the difference is that our company's blueprint design methodology pays more attention to the design of business plans and the guidance of blueprint design.
Application description of this scheme:
? This scheme provides a standard blueprint framework, content and production process. One of the purposes is to unify the design ideas of budget business consulting and define the objectives and scope of customer projects more accurately. The second is to explain the future solution ideas to customer leaders to prevent business ideas and directions from going astray. Therefore, regardless of the size of the project, it is suggested that each project should design a blueprint scheme.
? According to customer requirements and bidding contract's explanation, the blueprint design can be moderately simplified, and the framework content follows this scheme.
? This scheme is not recommended for small-scale projects (the amount is less than 500,000 yuan) or financial budget projects of the company.
1. Blueprint value and positioning
1. 1 the goal and significance of the blueprint
1. 1. 1 blueprint scheme definition
Blueprint scheme is a product application solution that focuses on project objectives, combines industry experience and information product functions from the perspective of business management, meets customers' comprehensive budget basis and key needs, covers business management ideas and frameworks, comprehensive budget management framework and business logic, information product application architecture and data integration, embodies business management solutions, and aims to solve customers' business management problems.
1. 1.2 goals and values
Internal objectives and values: according to the project objectives, pre-research interviews, data interpretation and business understanding, let the project team members deeply understand the basic needs and key needs of customers, clarify the business and management pain points of customers, brainstorm, discuss and formulate our ideas, strategies and application frameworks to solve customer needs and pain points, so as to clarify the work direction and future output results of the team.
External goals and values: reflect our ideas and strategies to solve customer needs and project goals. First, provide basic information to report to customers, let the top management know our design ideas, construction routes and time arrangements, and put forward relevant guiding suggestions. The second is to show the professionalism of our team, enhance customers' trust in our team, and further stipulate the cooperation and division of labor between the two sides. The third is to reach a * * * understanding of the high-level ideas of customer needs and the solutions of the project team.
1.2 blueprint positioning
Strategic guidance: define the project objectives, explain the links and contents of the comprehensive budget management system for the project, output ideas to solve the comprehensive budget project, and provide guidance for team members to achieve the project objectives.
Analysis and diagnosis: find out the problems or differences in the project through current situation analysis and blueprint design, and output optimization suggestions and ideas.
Functional guidance: Understand the core business problems and management pain points faced by customers, define the functional orientation (objectives, planning, preparation, control, analysis and assessment) of comprehensive budget according to industry experience, and clearly define the functional realization and data relationship between comprehensive budget system and peripheral system.
Business guidance: business requirements and management requirements come from business, and the solutions should serve business applications, be loyal to business and management, and provide comprehensive budget business solutions consistent with the project objectives.
Data guidance: define the relationship and logic between the output budget system and various business systems (financial system, procurement system, human resources system, expense control system, enjoyment system, OA system, BI system, etc.). ), and provide guidance for subsequent system interface development and integration.
2. Blueprint design principles
2. 1. Pay attention to business principles
The so-called focus on business, one is to lock in the project implementation business, and the other is to pay attention to the characteristics of the customer industry.
First of all, according to the project bidding documents or pre-sales materials and pre-sales personnel, understand the customer's situation, the customer's industry, the group customer or a single enterprise, know the business scope of project implementation in detail (such as management accounting, comprehensive budget, data center, others), and make clear the business contents involved (objectives, planning, preparation, control, analysis and assessment), such as whether there is objective setting and decomposition, preparation granularity, control links, etc.
Secondly, according to the customer's industry and its characteristics, understand the industry characteristics and pain points of comprehensive budget management, and then compare the situation of this project, focusing on analyzing the problems that customers need to solve.
Finally, in the blueprint design, first, according to the nature of the client enterprises involved in the project and the project objectives, output a complete comprehensive budget business link as far as possible to answer the budget business framework of this project; Second, export professional solutions and industry characteristics according to business needs, clearly reflecting the framework of group budget solutions and individual enterprise solutions.
2.2. Learn from industry principles
In order to design the blueprint scheme better, faster and more accurately, the blueprint design can be based on industry experience and existing industry blueprint schemes. Understand the customer's industry, try to find out the budget blueprint design scheme, project report scheme and pre-sale proposal scheme of this industry, understand and screen the similarity of reference schemes, and refer to the blueprint design of this project to improve the professionalism of blueprint design.
2.3. Landing in the realization principle
The blueprint design takes the actual business needs of customers as the core, and designs the blueprint scheme in combination with our company's implementation ability and industry experience. The output scheme can be applied to the company's digital products (comprehensive budget management system), which can well meet the customer's business application and management needs. Management problems or business requirements that are difficult to achieve in blueprint design can be properly expressed according to the actual situation, and it is not recommended to over-explain and can be ignored.
2.4. The principle of lifting height
The blueprint scheme should reflect a certain theoretical height, enhance the professionalism of the scheme and enhance the value of the project team. First, the blueprint design should be highly rigorous in logic; Second, the description of business and management needs should accurately grasp the key points; Third, it should reflect the problems concerned by the top management and their solutions; Fourth, we should pay attention to the details of some business plans.
2.5. The principle of enhancing readability
The blueprint scheme is suitable for customers' middle and senior staff to read, and can correctly understand our design ideas without causing ambiguity. Can be suitable for key users of customers to read, can understand the program content, and there is no difference in understanding. Minimize our project and technical language and use the customer's language as much as possible.
2.6. Understand the principle of control mode.
Knowing whether the customer is a group enterprise or a single enterprise, knowing the customer's control mode and which industries or sectors are strategic control, operational control and financial control is conducive to controlling the depth and fineness of implementing comprehensive budget management at the industry level or subordinate enterprises; It is beneficial to control the application fineness of the same industry or business unit; Yes, we can better understand the actual management needs and business needs of customers.
2.7. Grasp the objective principle
The blueprint scheme must be designed around the project objectives and the high-level concerns of customers. First, the blueprint scheme determines the direction and thinking of the project, focusing on the problems that need to be solved for customers, rather than the functions of the software. Second, customers will definitely pay attention to the business needs and objectives mentioned at the beginning when reviewing the blueprint scheme.
2.8. The principle of integration
The implementation of the project must have data integration, the scheme must be "three-dimensional", the concept should be high, the performance should be refined, and the scope should be moderate.
At present, the application of customer system is diversified, such as deploying cloud and local servers, and accounting system, ERP, fund management system, HR system, procurement system, project management system, contract management system, BI system, OA system and self-developed system coexist. Comprehensive budget management system is a kind of system application oriented to management decision-making, and data interaction with peripheral systems will inevitably occur in the implementation process. First of all, it is necessary to make clear which data are interactive (moderate in scope) and which systems are corresponding. Secondly, the budget should be clearly divided with the functional positioning and implementation interface of each application system (explain the fineness). Finally, when expressing and explaining to customers, we should have a global concept from the customer's point of view, and carefully and patiently explain the integration scope of each system and their respective implementation contents.
3. Blueprint design framework and content
3. 1. Blueprint design framework
Generally speaking, the blueprint design of comprehensive budget management projects includes: status analysis and diagnosis, business application blueprint (comprehensive budget management system and its business logic), product application blueprint and data integration blueprint.
If the customer is a group enterprise and diversified, we can control it according to the actual situation (such as the customer's opinions) and our understanding of the customer, which can be divided into: current situation analysis and diagnosis, group-level blueprint, industry A blueprint, industry B blueprint …, product application blueprint and data integration blueprint.
The blueprint framework project manager should design according to the actual situation and experience, but the framework content must be comprehensive. In particular, the objectives, planning, preparation, control, analysis and assessment involved in the comprehensive budget management system should be designed according to the facts.
3.2. Blueprint design content
The main task of blueprint design is to sort out the data, analyze the current situation and results, discuss and put forward the necessary suggestions for business improvement or business restructuring according to the results and guiding principles of the current situation analysis, and design the blueprint for customers' future pre-business application, product application and data integration. The main work result of blueprint design is blueprint design report. The report mainly includes the following basic contents:
● Review of project progress: report the project progress and current situation.
● Analysis and summary of current situation: summarize the problems in previous investigation and analysis reports.
● Business improvement suggestions and optimization ideas: mainly reflected in the detailed description of business applications and solutions.
● Future application system architecture: including the functional distribution of application systems and the description of main application systems.
● Future data integration architecture: future data integration and integration architecture between application systems, etc.
Business improvement suggestions and optimization ideas are very important for the comprehensive budget management system project.
4. Blueprint design process
4. 1. Investigation and interview
4. 1. 1 preparation for the current situation survey interview:
1) Understand the customer's industry and division of labor: different industries have many characteristics and technical terms, such as salt chemical industry (including coke, calcium carbide, chlor-alkali and PVC production and processing) and coal chemical industry (including coke, coal tar, coal gasification, synthetic ammonia, methanol, coal-to-oil and coal-to-olefin). From our company's point of view, coal chemical industry, coal and chemical industry are the two ends of the industry, and the main difficulties in budget management of coal and chemical industry are coal mine quota, chemical industry proportion and industrial chain balance.
2) Questionnaire and outline preparation:
? The design of the questionnaire should be revised according to the characteristics of the industry, rather than just making a general questionnaire at a time. Knowing that this problem does not exist in such enterprises is not only a waste of time, but also easy to cause customers to doubt or even dislike the consultant's ability.
? Question preparation should cover the details from the customer's future business needs and management positioning to the preparation, control, analysis and evaluation of budget management process, such as the market positioning and share planning of the company's future business segments. Because different business segments have different proportions in the company's future development, the company's blueprint design should first meet the system application of the main business segment, and then consider the realization of non-core business.
? Consider designing the questionnaire according to business process rather than function module, because our company designs the scheme according to business management rather than product function.
3) Investigation time and personnel arrangement:
? Investigators should be conducted at different levels, covering at least the middle and senior managers, key position users and end users of the company. In order to ensure the effect of the research, we should arrange meetings according to different levels so that all participants can talk about their ideas.
? Under the premise of resources and time permitting, the investigation should be conducted in series, and all working groups can participate in the investigation together to ensure that all the information can be grasped in the investigation and analysis stage. The research outline and time and place arrangement are sent to users in advance and the preparation time is reserved.
? The personal experience accumulation of consultants is also very important to the research effect. The same question, communicated from different angles or ways, will get different results or conclusions. Therefore, before the investigation, we should communicate internally as much as possible, fill each other's gaps, and be prepared for the battle.
4. 1.2 Status Survey and Demand Analysis:
1) Determine the main clues of the investigation according to the characteristics of the company. According to the main line, from goal to plan, from plan to budget, from budget to control, from control to analysis, from analysis to assessment. This will not miss the key points, but also sort out the complete whole process and key issues of each business link.
2) We should use corresponding tools or documents to help record the investigation and analysis process. It is better to be integrated, and each consultant and user will update accordingly when communicating, and keep the version unique. This can ensure that the records are clear and complete, and when different departments or users feed back different descriptions of the same problem, they can find and communicate in time.
3) In the process of investigation and analysis, don't discuss and analyze the possible future system solutions too much. How to deal with it in the future must be based on comprehensive analysis, and the discussion of each module has been reached. In addition, in the process of current situation investigation and analysis, the system communicates with users, and under the condition of asymmetric information, it is easy to make users fear or contradict or expect too much, which is not conducive to the project.
4. 1.3 Summary of investigation and analysis results:
1) The project manager should pay attention to the key points of collecting and tracking feedback in the investigation and analysis. Ensure that it is not omitted and can be considered comprehensively in the scheme design.
2) The results of investigation and analysis should be sent to users (senior managers, middle managers, key users, etc.). ) for formal confirmation. It is not only a confirmation process, but more importantly, it can supplement the missing information.
3) Every time the results of investigation and analysis are updated, study and review should be organized together to ensure that all internal consultants can be clear.
Only when all consultants agree with the survey results can the project blueprint design be started.
4.2. Present situation analysis and diagnosis
According to the summary results of investigation and interview, compare the advanced experience and standardized practices of the industry, evaluate the current situation of budget management and find out the problems, and put forward suggestions for improvement or optimization.
Contrast and analyze the best practice of comprehensive budget in the same industry or business management (case analysis of industry practice), and put forward suggestions on the improvement of related budget business process or management.
4.3. Blueprint Design Idea Table
According to the investigation and analysis report, the preliminary design ideas are put forward for all aspects of business management (business objectives, plan management, budget preparation, budget control, budget analysis and budget assessment). And communicate with the key users in charge of the budget to form a consistent blueprint design idea. According to the actual situation, we can communicate with key customers many times on the blueprint ideas.
4.4. Blueprint Scheme Design
Blueprint scheme mainly includes: status analysis and summary, business improvement suggestions and optimization ideas, future application system architecture, and future data integration architecture. The core content is business improvement suggestions and optimization ideas. According to the blueprint design idea and the actual situation of customers, the three levels of group, industry and division are described respectively.
4.5. Confirmation of blueprint scheme
Usually, after the blueprint is completed, the discussion and report of the blueprint is more important and key, which may involve the payment of the project funds. According to the actual situation of the project, the project manager actively confirms the discussion schedule and blueprint reporting schedule with the customer.
5. Several keys to determine the blueprint design scheme
5. 1. Communicate and report with the customer's budget supervisor.
5.2. Communicate and report with the customer's project leader.
5.3. Formal review report of blueprint scheme
6. Prepare data/information needed for blueprint design.
6. 1. Understand customer needs and project objectives.
First of all, we should learn from the pre-sales staff and sales staff about the expectations of the customer's top management for the project objectives, especially the knowledge and understanding of key leaders or important leaders (strategic ideas, speeches and presentation materials).
Secondly, carefully read the description of business requirements related to strategic planning in the customer's tender to understand its scope and purpose;
Finally, through investigation and interview, we can deeply understand the comprehensive needs of strategic planning.
6.2. Understand the enterprise development strategy
Analyze customer's corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy from customer website, data collection and leadership research.
6.3. The main problems and current situation of enterprises
6.4. Blueprint design cases in the same industry
6.5. Key personnel for blueprint discussion and communication
6.6. Key elements and links highlighted in blueprint design
7. Example of blueprint scheme
7. 1. Basic customer information
7.2. Functional Requirements of the Project
7.2. 1. Strategic management business requirements
The strategic planning management of Group A includes, but is not limited to, the formulation and decoding of strategic objectives, strategic decomposition, strategic implementation, strategic evaluation and rolling planning. Specific functional requirements include but are not limited to:
7.2.2. Business objectives and plans
The group's business objectives and plan management include but are not limited to: formulating annual business objectives, compiling, decomposing, reviewing and issuing annual business plans; According to the actual implementation of quarterly balance, decomposition, review and release; Prepare, review and publish monthly plans. Specific functional requirements include but are not limited to:
7.2.3 Total budget
The comprehensive budget management of the Group includes basic budget assumptions, budget target audit balance, budget preparation, budget execution monitoring, budget adjustment, rolling forecast, budget analysis and budget assessment. Specific functional requirements include but are not limited to:
7.2.4. Integration requirements
1) The comprehensive budget management system should reflect the requirements for the integration of peripheral systems.
The implementer of the system is responsible for the integration of the comprehensive budget management system with other systems, mainly solving the problems of interconnection, information exchange and process coordination between application systems, including interface integration, data integration, process integration and call integration. Integrators should confirm the integration scope between core modules and peripheral subsystems, and issue integration standards, data standards, document standards and interface standards, so as to achieve the purpose of full sharing and interconnection of production data, business data and financial data.
2) When the comprehensive budget management system is integrated with other systems, the system implementer should follow the unified data standards and integration standards formulated by the integrator.
7.2.5. List of Intersystem Integration
According to the integration standards formulated by the general integrator, be responsible for the development, integration testing and joint debugging of the integration interface. Including but not limited to the following integration list:
7.3. Analysis conclusion of current situation
7.4. Business Management Blueprint
Based on the project objectives and key requirements, combined with research and analysis, the overall business management blueprint is sorted out.
7.5. Blueprint Design-Business Logic and Business Management Solution
7.5. 1. 1. Design of Group Strategic Management Blueprint (I)
Strategic management positioning of this project: this project is an information system implementation project, so the positioning will incorporate the information related to the strategic planning objectives of Group A into the planning and budget system as a reference and binding basis for the future annual budget target system. Solve the strategic objectives, formulate simulation and decompose it into annual objectives, annual reports/balance, evaluation and analysis.
7.5.2. Group I-Labor Cost Blueprint Design (Part)
Labor cost budget management process: labor total forecast-submission-balance-release-execution.
Total labor cost calculation model-data, input, output, decomposition
Labor cost calculation model 2: input the historical data of the industry for three years, calculate the proportion of labor cost to operating income, and estimate the recommended value.
7.6. Group A-Procurement Budget Process
7.7. Group A-Overall Investment Framework
7.8. Group A-Key Work Blueprint Design
7.9. Group A-Business Framework of Energy Group
7. 10. Groups-Energy Groups-General Diagram of Equilibrium Relationship
7. 1 1.a Group-Energy Group-Balance of Coke Production, Supply and Marketing
7. 12. Group I-Energy Group-Water Balance
7. 13. blueprint for group system application
A blueprint for informatization planning of a group's planned budget management: take business decision as the guide, take business model as the main line, and take the company's product platform as the center to build a digital budget management system.
7. 14. blueprint for group data integration
System integration: through the data interface, open the data channel between the budget management system and the peripheral system.
The data of the peripheral system is transmitted to the comprehensive budget management system through the interface platform of Group A, and the comprehensive budget management system uses mapping/verification to process the data, build an intermediate data warehouse, and realize the interconnection of related data between systems.
The docking system includes SAP-ERP system, OA system, marketing platform, etc. 14 business and financial system.
Through standard interface specifications and multiple data security mechanisms, data related to the plan and budget of Group A can be transferred and fully enjoyed seamlessly and automatically.