In China, chestnuts are produced in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, Shanghai and Hainan. The distribution of Castanea in China has obvious regional characteristics, and the distribution quantity decreases from south to north. With the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River as the boundary, it can be divided into two obvious natural areas, namely, the south and the north.
Chestnut is planted in a wide range, starting from Fengcheng, Liaoning, at 40 26' north latitude and reaching Hainan Island in the south (about18 30' north latitude). It starts at about 90 east longitude in the west and reaches the coast in the east (about 124 east longitude), including 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government). Outside this range, there is also a small distribution in the border area between southeastern Tibet and Yunnan, and artificial introduction and cultivation have been extended to Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia and Boli, Heilongjiang (45 40' north latitude).
The cultivation range of chestnut spans four climatic zones: tropical marginal zone, subtropical zone, warm temperate zone and middle temperate zone, which is suitable for complex soil conditions. The most cultivated areas are the North China and Yangtze River basins in the Yellow River basin.
The vertical distribution range of chestnut is also very large, with an altitude of about 2770 m, and the lowest is the alluvial plain with an altitude of about 30 m in Tancheng, Shandong, Xinyi, Jiangsu and Shuyang. The highest is Weixi, Yunnan, with an altitude of 2800 meters.
Extended data
Variety classification
First of all, chestnuts in the north
It is mainly distributed in Yanshan Mountains, Taihang Mountains and their adjacent areas in North China. Including Hebei, Beijing, northern Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, parts of Gansu and northern Jiangsu. It is characterized by few fruit shapes, and the average single grain weight is about 10g.
The meat is waxy and the sugar content is as high as 20%. The pulp has low starch content and high protein content; The peel is dark and shiny; Strong fragrance, astringent skin and easy peeling, suitable for frying, called sugar fried chestnuts.
Second, southern chestnuts
Mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and southern Henan. It is hot and rainy in this area, and the nut shape of chestnut is large, with an average weight of about 1.5g and the maximum weight of 25g. However, the sugar content is low, the starch content is high, and the meat quality is japonica, so it is mostly used as a vegetable chestnut.
There are many varieties of chestnut in the north and south of China, and there are differences in characters and characteristics between the southern and northern varieties. Generally, the quality of southern varieties is not as good as that of northern varieties, and the meat quality is japonica, which is suitable for cooking, also known as Chinese cabbage chestnut.
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