China has three general directions:
1) sales or technical support: mainly dealing with customers, no different from businessmen. I will still learn the technology, but it is only a scratch, which is used to "draw dragons" with customers. The work pressure is great, but if the performance is good, the income will rise rapidly. This kind of personnel is still in great need. Undergraduate students can cope in principle. But in recent years, there are more and more experts.
2) Product development: mainly decoding. China's so-called work technology mainly refers to this. Telecommunications and finance have everything. There are also testing and general development in foreign companies. There are two or three thousand undergraduate courses. The master has a 4500. If you enter a foreign company, you can get more than 8 thousand in this line. This demand is still great. But they are all cheap labor. State-owned enterprises are tired. The welfare of foreign companies is very good. The income is stable, and the work pressure is much less than that of sales.
3) Research: This requires at least a master's degree. You can stay in school as a teacher, you can go to Microsoft Research Institute to do real research, and you can also enter the Institute of Computing or Software of Chinese Academy of Sciences. This total is relatively small. Many people with research potential have gone abroad.
In the United States, despite the economic downturn, computers are still an important industry and a relatively large-scale enrollment industry. Most foreign doctoral graduates choose to be professors. Professors are paid less than those who go to industry to do research, but industry offers fewer opportunities. Being a teacher is stressful, and you have to fight for tenure. Many assistant professors work harder than students.
There is a tendency to return to China after graduation, but the sample is not enough for everyone to analyze. Because these people who go abroad have either not graduated or have not found a job. But more and more people should go back. The children who come out now have good conditions at home. At least in the first two years, they won't think that America is much better than China. Indeed, on the surface, big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are not much worse than small and medium-sized cities in the United States.
2 1 century has entered the information age. The information technology sweeping the world has brought profound changes to the production and lifestyle of human beings, and the information industry has become one of the leading industries to promote the development of national economy. As a knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industry, the key to the rapid development of information industry is to have a large number of talents engaged in IT technology innovation. A certain number, structure and quality of IT talents are the support for the development of IT industry. A country's IT human resources reserve, IT talent training and use determine its IT industry development level and potential. Therefore, IT can also be said that the competition in the IT industry is the competition of talents, and high-level IT personnel training and team building are the prerequisites for moving towards a big country and a powerful country in the IT industry. The development of information industry in America, India and Ireland is the best example.
1, current situation of IT industry in China
As far as China is concerned, the annual growth rate of IT industry in the past five years is 29%, which is three times the national GDP growth rate in the same period. The pulling effect on GDP growth has been further enhanced, and the contribution rate to China's national economic growth has been continuously improved. In 2003, the IT industry in China achieved sales revenue of 1.88 trillion yuan, industrial added value of 400 billion yuan, total profits and taxes of 1.00 billion yuan, and IT product export value of 1.04 billion US dollars. . IT industry accounts for 12.3% of the national industry and 9. 1% of GDP, making it the largest industry. Although China's software industry is still in the growth stage and its market potential is far from being tapped, in 2005, the overall scale of China's software market has reached 90.7 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 33%. The sales revenue of software and system integration is 654.38+06 billion yuan, and the software export volume is 2 billion dollars, which is the best level in history. It is predicted that China's software industry will enter a mature stage around 20 10.
In the coming period, China will take advantage of the great opportunity of international industrial transfer, gather all kinds of resources, break through the constraints of core technologies, strengthen innovations in the technical fields of integrated circuits, software, computers and information processing, modern mobile communications, information security, information services and system integration, promote the upgrading of IT products, promote China's transformation from an IT power to an IT power, further promote the process of national economy informatization, and embark on a new road of industrialization with informatization.
2. IT is a trend to cultivate and reserve IT talents.
IT is very important to cultivate and reserve high-quality IT talents, whether in the general direction or in the small aspect.
Recently, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Information Industry, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Health jointly released the demand for talents in four professional fields: the application of numerical control technology, computer applications and software technology, automobile operation and maintenance, and nursing. Among them, the demand for computer talents is increasing by 6.5438+0 million every year! According to the introduction of relevant departments, the level of computer application in China is still in the primary stage, and the functions of existing computers and information technology facilities have not been well developed and utilized, which is behind developed countries 10-20 years. However, with the continuous development of information technology in China, the current software business income is 25 times that of ten years ago, and it is estimated that the scale of the software industry will reach 258 billion yuan by 2007. With the continuous expansion of China's software industry, the structural contradiction of software talents has become increasingly prominent.
Although the bursting of the global IT industry bubble (especially in 2003/04) has led to a slow demand for IT talents, China has increased the training of software talents, especially with the increase of enrollment of 35 demonstration software colleges and the number of training institutions run by social forces, the supply of software talents in China has increased, which has improved the shortage of software talents in China to some extent and eased the situation of short supply. However, on the whole, the situation of software talents in China has not got rid of the long-standing situation of "big gap, unbalanced structure and strong demand", and talent shortage and unreasonable structure coexist. According to the talent shortage report of the Ministry of Education, there are nearly 600,000 software employees, including about 340,000 professionals (including 40,000 senior talents, 200,000 intermediate talents and 6,543,800 junior talents). The talent structure is olive-shaped, that is, there is a serious shortage of high-end software talents including system analysts and project technical supervisors, and there is a serious shortage of low-end talents such as software coding programmers engaged in basic software development, while there is a surplus of middle (end) talents.
According to international experience, the ratio of senior, middle and junior software talents should be 1:4:7. According to the reasonable proportion of talent structure, by the end of 2006, China will need 80,000 senior software talents, 3 1 10,000 intermediate software talents and 500,000 junior software talents. Together with enterprises, communities, institutions, schools and other industries, it is estimated that the demand for computer application professionals in China will increase by one million every year, while domestic academic education can only provide 50,000-60,000 people at present.
Second, China IT industry revenue
According to the survey of relevant institutions, in the IT industry, the monthly salary of 10,000 yuan accounts for a small proportion; The monthly salary is 5,000-8,000 yuan, communication equipment and mobile phone manufacturing accounts for 14.3%, computer hardware industry accounts for 1 1.25%, computer software industry accounts for 48.75%, and Internet and e-commerce, electronics and microelectronics technology, telecom operators and service industries account for 25.6%. The monthly salary is 3,000-5,000 yuan, communication equipment and mobile phone manufacturing accounts for 9.7%, computer hardware industry accounts for 16.8%, computer software industry accounts for 46.5%, and Internet and e-commerce, electronics and microelectronics technology, telecom operators and service industries account for 27%; If the monthly salary is less than 3,000 yuan, the communication equipment and mobile phone manufacturing industry accounts for 4.7%, the computer hardware industry accounts for 26.7%, the computer software industry accounts for 35.3%, and the Internet and e-commerce, electronics and microelectronics technology, telecom operators and service industries account for 33.2%.
1, IT industry is a high-paying industry.
The data of this survey was collected through a famous Internet from May 7, 2005 to April 8, 2006. Respondents are mainly concentrated in Beijing (26%), Shanghai (17%), Shenzhen (6%), Guangzhou (5%) and Tianjin. Statistics show that the average annual salary of IT industry (including electronics, microelectronics, Internet, electronic communication, telecommunications and computer industry) is 48,337 yuan.
From the perspective of specific positions, the average annual salary of each position in the IT industry also has a leading edge, and it is still a high-paying industry. In the ranking of the annual salary of main positions in IT industry, technical and management positions have higher salaries, among which project management is the highest, followed by management and research and development. Taking project management positions as an example, the average annual salary of IT industry is 27.72% higher than that of the whole industry. Factory management positions are 23.48% higher.
Shanghai, Shenzhen and Beijing are IT high-paying cities. Among them, Shanghai IT industry has the highest salary level, with an average annual salary of 58,907 yuan, followed by Shenzhen 58,886 yuan and Beijing 55,608 yuan. Followed by Hangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Suzhou and other places.
2. Education and experience are the two major factors that determine the salary of IT personnel.
In terms of education, it basically conforms to the trend that the higher the education, the higher the average annual salary. The average salary of MBA has reached 8,8721yuan, approaching 90,000 yuan, ranking first over doctoral students. Followed by doctor, 8334 1 yuan; Starting from the third place, the master's degree is 77580 yuan; Undergraduate 5336 1 yuan; College 33727 yuan; 20697 yuan below junior college.
From the perspective of work experience, it also conforms to the principle that salary is directly proportional to experience accumulation. Working for 3 years and 5 years can also achieve a leap in salary respectively. The average annual salary of those who work 1 year is 36380 yuan; Three years is 53987 yuan; It has reached 69,300 yuan in five years; 10- 15 can reach 74074 yuan.
In addition, there is still a certain gap between the salary level of domestic IT enterprises and that of foreign enterprises. The salary of China employees working in foreign companies is still a sign of education and experience, and it is also a sign of high salary in the industry. However, unlike when I first entered China, foreign IT companies now have a better understanding of China's salary level, and the salary giving tends to be rational. Similarly, the pace of internationalization of IT enterprises in China is also accelerating, and they are gradually aligning with international companies in terms of salary. At present, the gap between the two is gradually narrowing.
The salary is rising steadily, and the position of R&D is very promising.
As far as the current situation is concerned, the demand for IT talents is increasing both in the domestic environment and in the international trend. However, according to the analysis of professional experts at ChinaHR.com, the overall salary of the IT industry is not expected to increase significantly during the year, with the growth rate of around 8%- 12%.
In addition, the part-time IT market is extremely hot this year. According to ChinaHR.com (ChinaHR.com), the IT part-time market increased by 126% this year compared with the same period of last year. At present, the demand for part-time talents in IT industry has accounted for about 25% of the whole part-time market, ranking first in part-time demand. Because part-time jobs generally appear in the form of short-term project work, the salaries of part-time IT employees are also rising.
Although the IT employment situation was excellent in 2005, the salary level did not improve significantly. Generally speaking, there are many sub-sectors in the IT industry, so the salary levels of different sub-sectors are also very different, showing a state of high and low polarization. Among them, due to the shortage of R&D talents, and with the development of technology, enterprises have increased R&D investment. It is expected that the salary of R&D and technicians will exceed that of project managers, and the annual salary of a senior software engineer is about 1 1 1,000 yuan. In addition, driven by the development of IC chip industry, the salaries of system engineers and hardware engineers will also increase, and the value of senior technical talents in this field will also soar in the future; The recovery of the Internet has also brought back the wages of its employees.
4. Change brings new opportunities and competition creates new space.
Because the technology in the IT industry is updated very quickly, the changes in the industry can bring many new development opportunities to people in the workplace, and the fierce market competition constantly creates new development space for people in the industry.
3G, chips, Internet and games became the key words in the IT workplace in 2005, which contained a lot of career opportunities. In addition, the new business model will also bring new jobs, but due to the shortage of talents, these jobs have also become high-paying gathering places. At present, the salaries of game technicians, payment platform product planning, mailbox product operation, instant messaging product senior technicians, wireless commercial media planning and other emerging positions are very prosperous. Take game technicians as an example. At present, the talent gap in the game industry is as high as 600 thousand. The annual salary of a marketing manager of a game company has reached 260,000, while the annual salary of an excellent game designer is around 300,000.
In 2005, some IT employment highlights appeared, such as network security talents, game talents, software testing engineers and researchers. There is a great demand and the salary will be relatively high. As far as online game talents are concerned, the most lacking game designers, developers and programmers should have more than two years of relevant work experience, master C or c++ programming, be familiar with Win32/v c++ development platform or Lunix/Unix development platform, be familiar with TCP/IP, Socket programming or MySQL, Oracle database, and have good object-oriented design, analytical ability, standardized programming style, personal works and good English technical data reading ability. In addition, game planning and art design are also popular positions. The monthly salary of experienced planners can also reach 1 10,000 yuan, while the monthly salary of experienced artists can reach 20,000-30,000 yuan if the design speed and quality are good, and the monthly salary of ordinary artists can also be maintained at 4,000-5,000 yuan.
As the saying goes: "The sky is high, the sea is wide and the fish jumps." As the largest industry in China, IT industry has great development potential. In the case of a good employment situation and a big talent gap, if you want to be an IT person, every job seeker has to work hard and use his knowledge and ability to create a world!