First, case analysis problems
( 1)
Xiao Lin, a school social worker, received a letter for help. Her name is Lingling, l2 years old, and she is currently in Grade Six. She wrote in the letter:? My grades are getting worse every year. Now I want to play with my classmates as soon as I have a holiday, but I don't want to study. My parents told all the good things and bad things, but I also understand the truth. However, it is impossible for Xiaolin to further understand that Lingling belongs to high IQ and low achievement. Her academic aptitude test score is very high, but her academic performance is low, accounting for about 40 in her class (45 in the whole class), and she is a typical academic underachiever. The teacher often scolds her for her poor grades. Over time, even Lingling herself lost confidence. Lingling's father graduated from high school and works in a company. This is a shift system, because my father hopes Lingling can go to college in the future and fight for her family. She is very concerned about Lingling's grades. She is also very strict in discipline. But he often satirizes Lingling with words, and the relationship between father and daughter is not good. My mother is coming to work in kindergarten. She takes good care of Lingling's life. But I don't know how to discipline and coach her, and the requirements for her are not as high as those of her father. Mother and daughter have a good relationship.
Question: Please briefly analyze Lingling's situation and write the counseling strategy accordingly.
Answer:
Analysis: Key points of the answer:
(1) Lingling, the client, mainly meets the following challenges:
① Personally, Lingling is emotionally unstable and has negative emotions such as inferiority complex, depression and anxiety. Due to academic frustration, lack of self-confidence and serious fatigue; Poor academic performance may lead to problems in her study plan, study method and study process.
② School: Lingling was repeatedly scolded by the teacher, and her study mood was low. The teacher's attitude has a great influence on the mood of the case owner.
③ Family: There are great problems in parents' educational methods. Father only cares about Lingling's grades, but ignores her daughter's difficulties. Moreover, his educational methods are improper and he often satirizes Lingling. Mother is very concerned about Lingling, but she doesn't know how to help her solve her confusion. It can be seen that Lingling's family did not provide her with a good learning environment.
(2) According to the situation of visitors, the following consultation strategies can be adopted:
① Check Lingling's basic information and past academic achievements, understand her normal life and study, and then analyze Lingling's needs and resources.
② Conduct case counseling for Lingling. Let Lingling know the reasons for her low academic performance and help her find a way to break through the present situation. For example, help her establish a positive self-concept, learn to control her emotions, cultivate self-confidence, and make good friends with peers, and so on.
③ Carry out group counseling. Organize students of Lingling's grade and let them share their experiences and feelings, so as to achieve the effect of mutual encouragement and promotion. In addition, senior students can be invited to share their learning experience.
(4) Cooperate with the class teacher and classroom teacher. After understanding Lingling's situation, social workers can discuss with teachers on Lingling's behalf, and suggest adopting personalized teaching methods to help Lingling out of the predicament by lowering her academic requirements, changing teaching methods or making up lessons.
⑤ Mobilize and utilize family resources. Contact Lingling's parents and ask them to cooperate and help them solve their daughter's care and education problems. In order to create a good learning environment for Lingling.
(2)
Xiao Fang, female, 16 years old, was found by her mother when she was six months pregnant. Her mother went to the neighborhood Committee for help in tears. The staff of the neighborhood committee learned that Xiao Fang was born in an unfortunate family. Her father was arrested and imprisoned for theft when she was 8 years old, and her mother lived alone with her. The family's financial source is her meager income as a supermarket clerk. When Xiao Fang grows up, she can dress in fashion when she sees other students' parents around. When I got home, my mother had to cook by herself before she got off work. When I got home, my mother was too tired to talk much and felt very lonely. She slowly interacted with the opposite sex in society and eventually got pregnant. On the recommendation of the neighborhood committee, Xiao Fang and her daughter came to the social work station for help.
Question: 1. What is the main dilemma faced by Xiao in the above cases?
2. How can social workers help Xiao Fang get out of the current predicament in Xiao Fang?
Answer:
Analysis: Key points of the answer:
1. Xiao's difficulties mainly include:
How to get rid of the dilemma of pregnancy?
(2) How to establish a correct outlook on life.
2. In view of the current predicament in Xiao Fang, social workers can adopt the following strategies:
(1) Interview Xiao Fang to learn about her pregnancy and her current state of mind, so as to dispel her fears.
(2) Communicate with Xiao Fang's mother to find out her opinions on Xiao Fang's pregnancy and ask her to help Xiao Fang tide over the difficulties.
(3) Through interviews with Xiao Fang and her mother, the solutions to pregnancy are listed in order of priority.
(4) Give Xiao Fang psychological counseling to relieve her pressure and help her establish a correct outlook on life.
(5) Remind Xiao Fang's mother to pay more attention to her daughter's growth, so that Xiao Fang can enhance her confidence in life.
(3)
There are three people in Ms. Huang's family. Ms. Huang is 35 years old and has been recuperating at home because of chronic myeloid leukemia. Husband Zhang, 37, was injured while working on the construction site a year ago. After treatment, he became a fourth-degree disability. He failed to find a suitable job because of his mobility and lack of professional skills. Son 10 years old, studying in primary school. Ms. Huang's family belongs to a zero-employment family. Now, it is very difficult for Ms. Huang's family to live on the monthly subsistence allowance in 350 yuan. In this regard, Ms. Huang has repeatedly asked the community neighborhood Committee for help, but she has not responded.
Question: 1. Please analyze the resources of Ms. Huang's family with the advantage perspective theory.
2. Please use the system theory to analyze the social resources of Ms. Huang's family.
3. If you are a social worker in Ms. Huang's community, how can you integrate the four basic systems in the general process model to help Ms. Huang?
Answer:
Analysis: Key points of the answer:
1. The advantage perspective emphasizes including the advantages of customers when evaluating their problems and needs, and exploring and using their advantages and their own resources to help them solve problems, while emphasizing the improvement of customers' ability.
According to the above cases, the superior resources of Ms. Huang's family mainly include:
(1) Ms. Huang is still very young and she has the ability to work. She can also do some work within her power to supplement her family.
(2) Although Ms. Huang's husband has a fourth-degree disability, she also has an age advantage. Through vocational skills training, she can properly engage in some disabled people's work and increase her family income.
(3) Ms. Huang's son is still in primary school, which is the hope of the family; Ms. and Mrs. Huang hope to change the status quo. If we use these superior resources, we can promote the development of Ms. Huang's family in a better direction.
2. Make a concrete analysis of Ms. Huang's social resources by using the system theory as follows:
(1) system theory is a theoretical system about studying the general modes, principles and laws of all integrated systems or subsystems.
The systematic view of social work emphasizes evaluating the complexity of the living environment of the parties, transcending their own problems and their relationship. From a systematic point of view, the environmental system of individuals, groups, organizations and communities is a field in which social workers intervene and change, and all the elements in this field are intertwined and influence each other. From a systematic point of view, social work practice focuses on using social resources to help people solve problems and meet their needs.
Social resources mainly include:
① Informal (or natural) social network resources. It mainly includes the material and spiritual help provided by family, friends, neighbors, colleagues and relatives.
② Regular social network resources. Divided into two categories: one is group organization, including work units, various professional groups, mass organizations and various associations; The other is social resources, including schools, hospitals, various social service institutions and police stations.
(2) For Ms. Huang's family, the informal social network resources they can use include the help of relatives and friends, the help of community neighbors and the help of public welfare people. Formal social network resources include government subsistence allowances, subsidies for the disabled, education aid, employment guidance and training for zero-employment families, employment guidance and training for the disabled, and medical assistance.
3. The general process model adopts the system theory, and regards the service system of social work as composed of social workers, clients, changing goals and actions taken to achieve the changing goals. Four basic systems? .
Namely, changing the media system, the service object system, the target system and the action system.
( 1)? Four basic systems? The meaning of:
① Change the media system. It refers to social workers employed by the government, non-profit organizations, groups and communities, right? Planned change? The specific operator is the medium to change the service target.
② Service object system. Refers to the object of social work service and the direct beneficiary of social work service.
③ Target system. Refers to the system that needs to be changed and influenced in order to change the service object system.
4 action system. Refers to those who work with social workers to achieve the goal of change. They are people who work with social workers to achieve the goal of change, and they are social workers' collaborators.
(2) In this case, social workers should provide services for Ms. Huang's family. What should be integrated specifically? Four basic systems? The method is:
① In the transformation of the media system, community workers acted as the concrete operators and executors of Ms. Huang's family assistance plan.
② The client system is Ms. Huang's family.
The target system is the current difficult situation of Ms. Huang's family (disease, disability, unemployment, lack of skills, children's education, poverty, etc.). ).
(4) Community workers need to integrate Ms. Huang's family, relatives and friends, as well as the staff of other relevant departments, including community neighborhood committees, to form a helping action system to help Ms. Huang's family change the status quo.
(4)
Xiaoqing went abroad to study with her parents. When she was studying in her hometown, she got good grades and was very lively and lovely. However, after becoming a transfer student in the new environment, she was repeatedly laughed at by her classmates because of her poor family, and some classmates often bullied her. Xiaoqing began to dislike school more and more. Every time she goes to school, she is so scared that she can't concentrate in class. She is often criticized by her teachers. Therefore, she began to play truant frequently.
Question: 1. The common reasons and characteristics of Xiaoqing's truancy are analyzed with cases.
2. What measures can be taken to solve the problems faced by Xiaoqing?
Answer:
Analysis: Key points of the answer:
1. The main factors leading to Xiaoqing's truancy include:
(1) Students' own factors. Xiaoqing can't adjust quickly when she comes to the new environment, her psychology is not mature enough, and her ability to resist setbacks is low.
(2) School factors. The students in the class are not friendly enough to put pressure on Xiaoqing; The teacher didn't understand the situation and didn't pay enough attention to Xiaoqing's criticism, which led Xiaoqing to be tired of studying and playing truant.
(3) Family factors. Xiaoqing is poor at home; Parents lack care and love for Xiaoqing, and they don't know much about Xiaoqing's school.
2. The following measures can be taken:
(1) Using case counseling, establish an accepting, respectful, caring and warm working relationship with Xiaoqing, explore the real reasons of her problem behavior, help Xiaoqing clarify her role, realize the consequences of problem behavior, and give her emotional support.
(2) Establish groups, form a positive influence, and carry out common growth groups such as interest groups and exchange groups to help Xiaoqing succeed, feel warm and improve self-confidence.
(3) Pay attention to family and gather strength. Understand Xiaoqing's family situation through home visits and urge parents to improve their family environment. Help parents identify and change their children's behavior problems.
(5)
Yue (female) has a son and a daughter, and her daughter is abroad. Recently, Yue has a lot on his mind, often suffering from insomnia and sighing at night. The reason is that there is a contradiction between Yue and his daughter-in-law, and the focus of the contradiction is the house problem. When the daughter-in-law got married, the Yue family only had a two-bedroom house. At first, two people can get along, but after a long time, they always quarrel over some trivial things. We'll talk about it later. The old couple rented a house outside to live by themselves, and the contradiction was temporarily solved. In recent years, house prices have gone up. The old couple made up their minds to buy another house with pension money, and only the old couple's names were written on the real estate license. As a result, the son and daughter-in-law were dissatisfied with the old couple's practice and thought that their names were not on the property certificates of the two houses now. The two old people obviously want to leave the house to their daughter. The daughter-in-law even told Yue that if there was no name on the real estate license, she would not be responsible for the old couple's future pension problems.
Question: 1. What are the main difficulties faced by Yue in the above cases?
2. In view of Yue's current predicament, what counseling strategies should social workers adopt?
Answer:
Analysis: Key points of the answer:
1. Yue's main difficulties are:
(1) Social relations: Yue has contradictions with his daughter-in-law.
(2) Emotional problems: emotional problems arising from conflicts with daughter-in-law.
2. Main consulting strategies:
(1) Communicate with Yue to ease his emotional problems.
(2) Coordinate the relationship between Yue and his daughter-in-law. Help both sides understand each other's real thoughts and eliminate misunderstandings. In view of the problem of housing property rights, let Yue forgive her daughter-in-law as much as possible for the contradictions arising from trivial matters. Regarding the legacy of housing property rights, please explain that if sons and daughters-in-law can take good care of the elderly, then they have priority to inherit the house. Let Yuemou communicate with his daughter-in-law, indicating that there is no name of his son and daughter-in-law on the property certificate, not that the house should be left to his daughter. This is just a way for the elderly to hope that their sons and daughters-in-law can take better care of themselves.
(3) Communicate with Yue's son and daughter-in-law, and let them understand that the elderly have the right to decide the property rights of the house, and it is the responsibility and obligation of every child to take care of the elderly.
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