The project consists of multiple processes, which intersect and influence each other. The American Management Association divides the project management process into five process groups, and each process group has one or more management processes (Figure 4-3).
Figure 4-3 Schematic Diagram of Project Process Group
The project process group is not discrete, nor is it a one-time event. There is overlap between process groups, and the degree of overlap between different stages and different projects is inconsistent (Figure 4-4).
Figure 4-4 Intersection of Processes in Process Group
1. Go
Start marks the beginning of a project. The start-up process focuses on requirements analysis to determine whether the next stage is necessary. In this way, once the goal requirements of the project are not met or disappeared, the project will be terminated.
plan
Make a feasible plan according to the objectives and tasks of the project. The uniqueness and one-off of the project make the preparation of the project plan very important. The detail and complexity of the plan are closely related to the scale and type of the project, but the work order of the plan is basically the same.
(1) goal decomposition: decompose the goals to be achieved at the current stage or project to make them more clear and specific.
(2) Determination of tasks and activities: tasks and activities that must be completed in order to achieve the predetermined project or stage goals.
(3) Task decomposition and sequencing: analyze the structure and relationship of tasks and arrange them in order.
(4) Time estimation for completing tasks: estimate the time required for each task.
(5) Schedule: According to the task analysis, time limit for a project estimation and resource requirements, prepare the schedule.
(6) Resource planning: determine the personnel, funds, equipment, raw materials and technology needed to complete various tasks.
(7) Cost budget: Allocate funds according to the cost of various activities.
(8) Preparation of planning documents: summarize the above results and prepare documents.
In addition, quality plan, organization plan, material procurement plan and management plan should be made. In the planning stage, the more comprehensive all aspects are, the better it will be for the next stage.
implement
The implementation of geological survey projects is carried out according to the compiled design, and the specific activities and tasks in the implementation stage are closely related to related majors. Each major has its own working procedures and standards, which should be carried out in accordance with the design, standards and norms.
control
The task of the control stage is to regularly check the implementation of the project in order to find the deviation from the design and adjust the work deployment in time. Because the geological conditions are very complicated, once there is a big deviation from the design in the work process, it is necessary to change the project implementation mode, engineering means and physical workload by adjusting the design. For example, when there is a big deviation between the project schedule and the design, it is necessary to analyze and find out the causes of the impact and take corresponding measures to ensure that the project can be completed on time. When measures cannot be taken and the project cannot be completed on time, a written request must be made to the superior competent department to postpone the completion time of the project, which can only be implemented after approval. The control stage mainly depends on the quality, progress, cost and safety of the project.
wrap up
Closing is the symbol of project completion. At this stage, all kinds of documents and materials should be compiled, collected and distributed, and the original materials should be filed, and the results should be registered and submitted in time. At the same time, complete the settlement of the contract.
Second, the division of labor in process management of geological survey projects
According to the theoretical research of project process management, project process management can be divided into five stages: start-up, planning, construction, control and closing. The process management of geological survey project has both the characteristics of general project process management and its own professional characteristics. It can be roughly divided into seven processes or stages: project establishment, design, construction, site acceptance, achievement review, data collection and project termination, in which site acceptance and achievement review are equivalent to key points in the control process, and data collection and project termination are equivalent to the end. We should fully reflect the wishes and needs of the country in terms of overall objectives, expected results and implementation process management.
Third, the project management
Before a geological survey project is officially launched, it needs to be fully demonstrated, and a lot of preliminary work is necessary, including investigation, feasibility study and project evaluation, which directly determines whether the project can be finally established. Therefore, project establishment is an important part of the whole project process management. In order to have a more standardized and systematic understanding of project initiation, project initiation is usually divided into four steps, namely, information collection and processing, project investigation, feasibility study and project evaluation. Project establishment is in the initial stage of the whole project life cycle, which is very important for the establishment and implementation of the project.
The establishment of geological survey projects should be based on the needs of the country, implement the requirements of the central authorities on geological work, strengthen the investigation and evaluation of resources, better serve economic development and social progress, strengthen geological exploration, strive to achieve new breakthroughs in strategic mineral exploration, comprehensively strengthen the monitoring and prevention of geological disasters, and continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of geological disasters in key areas.
In order to make scientific decisions, make the work deployment more reasonable, and make the limited funds play a greater and better role, at present, the geological survey project is established by combining top-down and bottom-up, and the top-down role is strengthened, and a specific and targeted project guide is issued. Decompose and implement specific work items step by step. For example, the project decision-making mechanism of "three meetings and two trials" is adopted. The third meeting refers to "expert consultation meeting, supply and demand meeting and project consultation meeting", and the second evaluation refers to "bureau evaluation and Ministry evaluation".
The purpose of the project is to determine the geological survey project and select the project implementation unit. In the aspect of project establishment, China Geological Survey, as the organization and management organization of national geological work, formulates the national geological work plan and prepares the project guide; As a geological prospecting unit undertaking the project, it is necessary to carry out the project establishment work around the project requirements according to the relevant requirements of China Geological Survey.
1. Collection and processing of project information
The amount of project information directly affects the success or failure of project initiation activities. It is an important job to collect social and market information and materials related to geological survey projects through various forms, channels and methods. The information related to the project is very extensive, mainly including the following three aspects:
● Social and economic development plans issued by governments at all levels, plans implemented by government departments, and construction plans and plans of key projects;
● Specializing in various socio-economic statistics, analysis and forecast data of institutions;
● Relevant technical data, such as geological data, hydrological data, meteorological data, geographical data and environmental data.
There are many ways to collect information, and obtaining information through various public carriers should be the main way. Generally speaking, according to information sources, it can be divided into natural collection, related market derivative collection and accidental collection. Natural collection is to obtain the project guide of higher authorities and the information of major national construction projects and plans through normal working channels, such as attending various meetings. This method is usually the most important way, and qualified geological prospecting units will apply for project approval based on these materials. Derivative acquisition of related markets is a new project that uses resource compensation fees for further mineral exploration of newly discovered mineralized zones and occurrences on the basis of previous resource evaluation projects, so as to strive for applying for resource compensation fees. Accidental access is information obtained by some very accidental opportunities.
A large amount of information is fed back to the relevant departments of the unit through various channels, such as the science and technology department or the general office. Through these departments, these information materials are sorted and screened, and the valuable information is determined as the object of the next investigation and project application, while the information that is temporarily unavailable is sorted and saved. After sorting out the collected information, an information base, a database and a project base are established according to the availability, and a customer base related to geological survey projects is also established. Therefore, it is very necessary to process the project information in the project establishment stage.
It is worth noting that establishing regular communication with government departments and social organizations that use geological survey results is a mechanism that geological survey must establish under the conditions of socialist market economy, which is not only the need to obtain project information, but also the inevitable requirement for geological survey results to better serve the social economy.
2. Project investigation
Project investigation is a process of systematically collecting, analyzing and reporting relevant project information under certain conditions. Project investigation is an important link in the reliability demonstration of the whole project, and it is also an important basis for deciding whether to establish a project. Only through project investigation, can we grasp all kinds of situations around us in time and accurately, make the project more targeted, make decisions more based and reduce risks.
The contents of the project investigation mainly include the following aspects:
(1) The project involves professional direction and work content;
(2) the characteristics of the project results;
(3) Capital, technology and human resources required for the operation of the project;
(4) The internal and external environment and competitors of the project operation;
(5) Project cycle and operational risk;
(6) Project budget estimate.
Project investigation is a complicated and tedious work, and its quality directly affects whether the project can be successfully established; At the same time, the collected information and materials have a direct impact on the future project implementation. Therefore, the project investigation requires that the personnel involved in the work should have certain professional knowledge and a high sense of responsibility. While respecting scientific principles, encourage and advocate more comprehensive and innovative ways. Under normal circumstances, firstly, the technical department in charge of the unit organizes members of academic committees and technical backbones, and determines the objectives of research and project establishment by analyzing all kinds of information and materials obtained, which should be applicable and should not be too wide or too narrow. Secondly, do a research and project plan. According to the research contents listed above, conduct investigation and study in a short time and make a preliminary conclusion on whether to establish the project.
3. Feasibility study
Feasibility study is a scientific investigation, analysis and evaluation method to demonstrate whether technology, engineering and economy are scientific, reasonable and feasible for a certain project goal. For geological survey projects, it is mainly to prepare the application for project establishment. The contents of the project application include:
(1) Technical and economic part: including project basis, objectives and tasks, technical route, implementation plan, expected effect, main physical workload, organization and management, budget estimate, etc. , with relevant drawings.
(2) Qualification: including the basic information of the applicant, work performance, organizational structure, personnel and equipment, etc.
(3) Project evaluation: Project evaluation is a comprehensive analysis of the project report by using scientific methods to determine whether the materials cited in the project report are true, whether the research methods are appropriate, whether the conclusions drawn are correct, and whether the project results are used, thus providing a basis for the final project decision. In the evaluation process, we should focus on measuring the overall effect of the project on social and economic construction, consider the value of the project from the perspective of the supporting role of national geological work on the economy, and submit the project evaluation report at the same time. Its procedures include:
(1) First trial. The regional geological survey center conducts a preliminary examination of the project application and submits the preliminary examination opinions to the China Geological Survey.
(2) Organize expert argumentation. On the basis of preliminary examination, organize experts to demonstrate, and put forward the demonstration results and opinions as the basis for project approval.
(3) Comprehensive balance and determination of the project. On the basis of expert argumentation, according to the needs of the state for geological work and the possibility of funds, the geological survey items are determined through comprehensive balance.
(4) Determine the project undertaker. According to the qualification and actual situation of the project undertaker, the project undertaker is determined by bidding or entrustment.
Fourth, design writing and review.
1. Design and write programs
Design is a specific work plan based on the assigned tasks, relevant technical standards and the actual situation of the work area. The purpose of the design is to reasonably determine the work deployment, select scientific technical methods, and reasonably arrange funds to ensure the completion of the tasks and objectives of the geological survey project. The design is mainly based on the project task book, preliminary geological work data, relevant technical standards and budget standards. The plan is as follows:
(1) Clear the task. The project undertaker should seriously study and understand the task objectives set by the project task book, and decompose the tasks one by one according to the year or work stage, and arrange them in chronological order.
(2) Collect data and conduct on-site investigation. Before compiling the design, the existing relevant data in the work area should be systematically collected, analyzed and sorted out, and the project work area should be investigated on the spot if necessary.
(3) Design compilation. When designing, the project leader must prepare a detailed design outline according to the relevant technical standards and requirements, and report it to the competent business department of the unit for approval. According to the approved outline, the project team shall organize the members of the project team in time and complete the compilation of design charts and manuscripts on time and with good quality.
(4) Preliminary design review. After the completion of the first draft of the design, the project undertaker shall organize a preliminary examination, the focus of which is whether the contents of the design book are true and reliable and whether it can meet the requirements of the task book. The project team should carefully revise the design according to the preliminary examination opinions, complete the first draft of the design book, and submit it for review after being audited by the competent business department of the unit.
2. The main content of the design
The design and implementation of geological survey projects are basically carried out by the same unit. Therefore, the project design document is the overall arrangement and deployment of the project, and it is the sum of many plans such as technology, progress, personnel, equipment and funds. The specific content includes the following seven aspects.
(1) target task;
(2) Comprehensively review the degree of geological work;
(3) Geological background;
(4) Technical route and work deployment;
(5) Physical workload and expected results;
(6) budget;
(7) organizational measures.
3. Design writing requirements
(1) Rely on scientific and technological progress and make full use of new geological theories, technologies and methods;
(2) Fully collect and comprehensively study predecessors' data;
(3) Abide by relevant professional norms, procedures, operating procedures and requirements;
(4) Prepare the design budget according to relevant requirements;
(5) The content is complete and focused, and the attached drawings and schedules are complete.
4. Design review procedures
The design review of geological survey projects shall be organized by China Geological Survey and implemented at different levels. Important projects are reviewed by China Geological Survey, and general projects are reviewed by regional geological survey centers or implementation units.
(1) According to the unified arrangement of geological survey, the project undertaker shall submit the project design book (draft for review) to the design review organization unit as required, and attach the project task book issued by geological survey and the preliminary examination opinions of the project undertaker.
(2) After receiving the project design book, the project design review organization unit shall carry out the design review organization work in accordance with the unified requirements, and notify the project undertaker of the relevant matters of the design review work.
(3) The design review organization unit shall employ relevant experts to form a review team, and deliver the design book (draft for review) to the members of the review team for review in advance.
(4) Design review can be conducted by meeting review. After listening to the introduction, questions and defense of the design writers, the review team will form design review opinions and fill in the design quality score table.
(5) There are significant differences among the members of the review team, which should be truthfully reflected in the design review opinions.
5. Main contents of design review
The main contents of design review include: objectives and tasks, collection and comprehensive research of preliminary data, work deployment, technical route, working methods and technical requirements, physical workload, budget, organization and management, quality assurance measures and expected results.
Different majors should highlight their own characteristics.
6. Identification of design review
The project undertaker shall modify the supplementary design within the time specified by the expert review opinions; China Geological Survey or regional geological survey center shall identify the design review results, and the identified design can be implemented.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) project construction management
Project construction refers to the actual work in the process of geological survey, in order to complete the task of a geological survey project, according to different geological conditions and purposes, choose appropriate technical means and methods. Construction is divided into two categories: field investigation and indoor research.
1. Ready
(1) Formulate the construction scheme according to the project design and technical standards;
(2) Prepare the site operation plan;
(3) Implement the operation organization and materials and equipment;
(4) Formulate relevant working rules.
2. Manage content
(1) Planned task management: set phased task objectives according to professional positions and time schedule. For example, mineral survey can be divided into geological group, mineral group, geochemical group and comprehensive group, and each group should complete the corresponding tasks within the specified time.
(2) Production technology management: including operation organization management, technical business guidance and construction safety management.
(3) Quality management: establish a quality responsibility system, and formulate detailed rules for the implementation of technical standards, work instructions and quality inspection standards to ensure the normal operation of the quality system.
(4) Financial management of funds: within the approved project budget, reasonably arrange funds, strictly control the expenditure standards and scope, and conduct financial accounting according to regulations. The fund management of geological survey project is a very important content in process management. It is necessary to refine the project budget, scientifically determine the quota, and determine the responsible person of each subject in line with the principle of "whoever spends money is responsible" to control the capital expenditure. The expenditure of geological survey project funds shall strictly implement the budgetary provisions. For example, the testing funds are determined according to the types and quantity of design samples and the testing quota, and can only be used to analyze design samples, and the types and quantity of testing samples shall not be increased or decreased at will. When the design is inconsistent with the actual situation, and it is necessary to adjust the type and quantity of test samples, the project issuing unit must be asked in writing, and the adjustment can be made only after approval. Due to various reasons, the designed test workload was not completed, resulting in savings, which could not be used to pay for other work contents.
(5) Material and equipment management: ensure the supply of equipment and materials required for site construction.
(6) Life security management: actively create conditions and take various measures to improve the accommodation and cultural life of field workers.
3. Daily inspection and annual inspection
The purpose of daily inspection and annual inspection of geological survey projects is to ensure the authenticity and correctness of the original data acquisition process. Because the process of obtaining original data in geological survey field work is unrepeatable in most cases, it is particularly important to check the original data daily and annually. Through layer-by-layer supervision and inspection, the work quality of geological survey projects and the rational use of project funds are ensured. At the same time, the project is controlled and managed in stages, and suggestions on adjustment and deployment of phased work are put forward. The specific organization can be divided into routine inspection by the project team, routine inspection by the project undertaker, and spot check by the regional geological survey center and China Geological Survey. The content, quantity and proportion of inspection are decreasing in turn.
Specific inspection contents include:
(1) Work progress and task completion;
(2) Geological achievements;
(3) quality of work;
(4) the use of funds.
The inspection forms are:
(1) field trip. The main contents are: the completion of tasks, the achievements of geological work and the quality of original data.
(2) Annual report meeting or mid-term evaluation of the project. The main contents are: work progress, main achievements, existing problems and suggestions for the next step.
Six, on-site acceptance
Field acceptance is an important stage of geological survey. In order to check the completion of the project tasks and ensure the quality of the results report, it is necessary to do a good job of on-site acceptance. On-the-spot acceptance work shall be carried out by the regional geological survey center or the entrusted project implementation unit to hire project supervision and evaluation experts and relevant personnel in accordance with the prescribed procedures and requirements.
1. Site acceptance procedures
(1) The project undertaker applies for on-site acceptance;
(2) The competent unit of the project shall form an expert group to determine the acceptance time;
(3) The project implementation unit shall provide all original data and summary report of field work;
(4) The expert group shall review the original materials and conduct spot checks as required;
(5) The expert group shall submit the on-site acceptance report.
2. The main contents of on-site acceptance
(1) Whether the original data are complete and accurate;
(2) Whether the specified objectives and tasks have been completed;
(3) Whether the approved workload has been completed;
(4) Whether the project work arrangement and project layout are reasonable, and whether the work quality meets the requirements of various specifications and regulations;
(5) Whether the comprehensive arrangement and comprehensive research of geological data meet the relevant requirements;
(6) Whether the implementation of the quality management system is normal;
(7) Whether the on-site acceptance briefing is systematic and comprehensive;
(8) Whether the spot check is qualified.
3. Provide information for on-site acceptance.
(1) All actual field data:
● Original field map;
● Field record books, original field record cards, original data records, photo albums, forms, etc.
● Various original catalog materials and corresponding maps in the field;
● Sample identification, analysis, test sample submission and test result analysis;
● Various typical physical specimens;
● Transitional comprehensive interpretation results and comprehensive arrangement and comprehensive research results;
● Other relevant information.
(2) Quality inspection records: including the summary of annual original data inspection records;
(3) Field work summary: including task completion (including workload), geological achievements and quality, etc.
(4) provide the field investigation route and its strata, magmatic rocks, structures, minerals and other text and map materials. Require the original data to be complete and accurate; Words and maps are consistent with reality.
Make up lessons on the spot
After on-site acceptance, the project implementation unit must organize on-site remedial classes according to the acceptance opinions, and submit a summary of on-site remedial classes to relevant units.
Seven. Preparation and review of results report
1. Prepare the result report
The compilation of the report is the final stage of geological survey. By summarizing and sorting out the field data, we can sum up the rules and improve our understanding. Reflect the geological survey results comprehensively and accurately. At this stage, we should seriously study the relevant technical standards, formulate specific requirements, clarify the division of labor, implement the responsibility system, and strengthen quality management.
Procedures for preparing the result report:
(1) Prepare the report outline;
(2) sorting out all kinds of original data and data processing;
(3) Prepare various comprehensive maps and written reports;
(four) sorting out the original files and physical data, and filing the original files;
(5) The financial department of the unit shall compile the project financial report and summarize the use of the project funds while compiling the results report of the geological survey project.
The contents of the report refer to the specific requirements of each major.
2. The basis of the report on the results of the review
The review of the results report is a comprehensive evaluation of the work content and technical evaluation of the geological survey project results, and it is the final check on the quality of the project results. The review of the results report shall be conducted by the China Geological Survey, the regional geological survey center or the designated unit to hire technical quality supervision and review experts and relevant personnel. The main basis for the evaluation of the results report is:
(1) task book, design book and design approval opinions;
(2) On-site acceptance opinions;
(3) Relevant technical standards.
3. The main contents of the review report
(1) Whether the main geological achievements meet the specified requirements;
(2) Whether all technical data are complete and accurate;
(3) the comprehensive research level of geological achievements;
(4) Consistency between geological results and original data;
(5) Quality evaluation of geological achievements and comprehensive maps;
(6) Existing problems.
4. Report review procedure
(1) The project implementation unit applies for report review;
(2) Organize the evaluation unit to form an expert group to determine the evaluation time and place;
(3) The project implementation unit shall provide all the information and report the main contents of the results report;
(4) The expert group reviews all kinds of materials, comments on the contents of the report, and puts forward review opinions.
5. Review and finalize the results report
The project report writing unit shall supplement and modify the report within the specified time according to the expert review opinions; China Geological Survey or regional geological survey center shall review the appraisal report. Appraisal contents include: review procedures, the composition of review experts, whether the report meets the requirements of design tasks, the technical standards on which it is based, and modifications made according to experts' opinions, etc.
VIII. Data Exchange
Geological data is an important part of the project results. In addition to the relevant government departments, the geological data formed by the project undertaker must also be submitted to the China Geological Survey and the regional geological survey center in accordance with the provisions of the China Geological Survey, as the basic data for deploying new geological surveys, and the China Geological Survey will provide government and social services. All materials formed by geological survey projects organized and implemented by China Geological Survey shall be submitted.
1. Exchange content
Data of geological survey results, original data of geological survey and physical data of geological survey.
2. Form of remittance
The data of geological survey results should be submitted in the form of officially printed paper media data and optical (magnetic) disk data.
3. Data receiving unit
Submitted to the data management department of China Geological Survey or the data management department entrusted by China Geological Survey, and the data receiving unit shall issue the data receiving certificate.
Nine. Termination of the project
Project task termination refers to the final completion of the project task after all the work of the project is completed, which is the last link of project management. The results can be used as an important basis for the qualification evaluation of project implementation units and the rewards and punishments of relevant departments. Organized by China Geological Survey and implemented by Regional Geological Survey Center.
1. Content
(1) Review of the performance report;
(2) fund settlement and audit;
(3) information exchange;
(4) the implementation of the contract.
2. Procedures
(1) The project undertaker applies for termination after completing the data collection task;
(2) The management department shall examine and accept the projects item by item;
(3) Form a written acceptance opinion;
(4) When the project is completed, the contract is terminated.
Project management is a closed process. From the beginning of the project to the end of the project, the project management department and the project undertaker should complete the project in accordance with the prescribed time and manner. Project management is a management process at different levels. Management departments at different levels should be responsible for the management stages and scope at different project levels. For example, the China geological survey management plan project, the regional geological survey center is responsible for the management of the work project, and each undertaking unit is responsible for the implementation of the work project. Which level of project undertaking unit is responsible for the preparation of the project design at this level, which will be reviewed by the superior, so that the whole process can run in an orderly manner.