A few days ago, wenjuan.com, Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily, conducted a survey on 1938 post-80s and post-90s, showing that 88.0% of the respondents were worried about who would take care of their children. 75.2% of the respondents are looking forward to vigorously developing child care services for 0-3 years old.
Among the respondents, the post-80s generation accounted for 65.0%, and the post-90s generation accounted for 35.0%. 27.3% live in first-tier cities, 47.0% in second-tier cities, 22.9% in third-and fourth-tier cities, 2.4% in towns or counties, and 0.4% in rural areas.
Public-assisted private, community-based child care and other forms of child care services have the highest voice.
The son of Beijing citizen Wang He (a pseudonym) is 4 years old this year. Because the elderly at home are old, they have been working with their babies. "We also considered looking for an aunt and gave up after careful discussion." Wang He explained that she and her lover's monthly income, excluding mortgage, living expenses and education fees, is not much left, and they can only rely on themselves.
Dai's (pseudonym) daughter goes to kindergarten, and her grandparents usually send her to and from school, which lightens her considerable burden. "Many peers around me, some with their parents, and some invited aunts, have increased a lot of expenses. Taking care of children is too big a problem for young people. "
Yang Qi (pseudonym) from Inner Mongolia has been married for a year and has no plans to have children. She bluntly said that both parents have not retired, and no one to help with the children is their main consideration for not having children in the past two years.
In the survey, 88.0% of the respondents were frankly worried about who would take care of the children. When asked why young couples don't want to have two children, the shortage of manpower to take care of two children (67.3%) and the lack of safe and suitable child care institutions (54.0%) are at the forefront.
Chang Jingjing (a pseudonym), 32, has a one-and-a-half-year-old daughter who has been taken care of by her grandmother. She felt that as the old people grew older, their health was obviously too much. "We are distressed by the elderly. However, there is no inclusive and public welfare pension institution at present, which is really a dilemma. "
Professor Zhai Zhenwu, director of the Population and Development Research Center of Renmin University of China, believes that a child care service system for 0-3 years old should be established as soon as possible. "The reaction of having children without company is very strong. Raising children takes up a lot of time and energy, and it is very difficult to ask for a new moon, a nanny or parents to take turns. The state can create better conditions so that people with fertility have no worries. "
Shi Renbing, a professor at the School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, pointed out that the country's vigorous development of child care services for 0-3 years old will have a dual impact on family education. On the one hand, it can solve the problem of baby care, on the other hand, compared with private institutions, the state-developed nursery institutions can reduce the cost of raising babies at home. "We hope to build a harmonious fertility society. My understanding of this is that we should be friendly to both' health' and' education'.
75.2% of the respondents expect to vigorously develop care services for 0-3 years old, and the voice of post-80s (76.4%) is higher than that of post-90s (72.9%). Respondents in second-tier cities (76. 1%) and first-tier cities (76.0%) had higher expectations.
In order to give young couples peace of mind to have two children, 56.6% of the respondents suggested speeding up the development of 0-3-year-old child care service institutions and increasing service supply.
Wang He said that community care, unit care and kindergarten care are the three forms that help young couples the most. "When children are young, it is more convenient to take care of them at home or at work, which saves time and effort for the couple. Children have to go to school when they are older, and they will be nursed back to school directly after school. Parents are assured that they have avoided tossing and affecting their work. "
What kind of nursing service for 0-3 years old do the interviewed post-80s and post-90s expect more? According to the survey, public assistance to the private sector (56.4%) is the most popular, followed by community care (52.8%). Others include: private child care (45.0%), self-management by enterprises (34.7%) and kindergarten child care (28.9%).
70.2% of the respondents hope that the child care institutions can provide advice and guidance on infant rearing.
Wang He believes that child care services for children under 3 years old should be standardized and standardized. "At present, the care services for 0-3 years old are basically undertaken by private institutions of parenting education, and the quality is difficult to guarantee and the fees are high. I hope that the government can participate more in childcare services. "
Yang Qi hopes that the types of child care services can be rich and flexible. "For example, sometimes it only takes half a day or a few hours, and the time and place are not fixed. It is hoped that the service content of the institution can be diversified, such as providing care for infants, popularizing and guiding parenting knowledge, so that parents can handle small problems easily and scientifically. At present, these knowledge are basically self-taught by parents except for a few classes arranged by the hospital during pregnancy. "
Zhai Zhenwu believes that at this stage, the first problem to be solved in China's 0-3-year-old child care service is that the number is small, and the second is that it is not popular enough. "First of all, we must establish and solve the problems of' being' and' not being'. This is the first step. The second step is to consider quality issues, such as service items, teacher qualifications, quality standards, safety, etc. "
Shi Renbing said that the 0-3-year-old child care service is a kind of public service, which requires multi-legged walking, multi-subject participation, and the power of the state, enterprises and institutions and social capital are all involved. "For example, a public welfare pension service institution should be established, but it is difficult to popularize it by the state alone. Conditional enterprises and institutions can be encouraged to participate, and the state will give some subsidies appropriately. In addition, we can also attract social capital through some preferential measures, and at the same time strengthen regulation and supervision to make the market healthier. "