Information utilization refers to the process of providing information collected, processed, stored, retrieved and transmitted to relevant organizations and individuals to meet their information needs. Information utilization is the main link of information management, and it can also be said that it is the ultimate goal and destination of information management activities. Because the ultimate goal of information management, whether broad or narrow, is to give full play to the value of information resources and make full use of them.
Specifically, the important role of information utilization is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:
(1) is conducive to realizing the value of information and promoting the improvement of social productivity. By effectively using information and applying it to the management activities of an organization, people can generate huge social and economic benefits, promote the improvement of social productivity and realize the use value of information.
(2) It is beneficial to realize the appreciation and enjoyment of information. In the process of information management, information can be widely spread and enjoyed in space through information conversion, copying and transmission.
(3) It is beneficial to improve the success rate of organizational decision-making. Information is the basis of decision-making, and decision itself can be regarded as the process of information processing and reproduction. The transmission and utilization of information determines the supply of "raw materials (information)" in this process, thus affecting the success of decision-making.
3.5.2 Information utilization mode
3.5.2. 1 information retrieval service
Information retrieval service is a process of finding out valuable information that meets the needs of users quickly and accurately according to their needs.
3.5.2.2 literature provision service
Literature providing service mainly uses reading, borrowing, copying and reference to serve users.
3.5.2.3 Information Reporting Service
Information reporting means that information providers report the collected information in time to meet the information needs of users. If literature service is a passive service mode, then information reporting service is an active service mode. With the rapid growth of literature information and the continuous expansion of readers' information needs, relying solely on the power of the library and relying on traditional literature services can no longer meet the requirements of readers, which requires a new way. As a result, the reporting service was launched.
Commonly used information reporting methods are as follows:
(1) text report. This is the most important way to report information, and information publications are widely used. At present, information publications in China are usually divided into three categories: the first category: retrieval information publications, such as directory pages, title pages, introductions, documents, indexes, etc. Category II: Reporting information publications, such as news releases (information briefings, newsletters, etc. ), express delivery, newspaper translation, etc. The third category: research information publications, such as dynamic category (research trends, etc. ) and evaluation category (monthly evaluation, annual evaluation, etc. ).
(2) Oral report service. It mainly refers to providing information through direct talks, special lectures, academic conferences, press conferences, etc. The information of oral report is generally zero time, which is characterized by quickness, timeliness, strong interactivity and easy feedback.
(3) Direct dissemination of reporting services. Mainly refers to the transmission of information through physical objects, such as samples, exhibitions, demonstrations, technology markets, movies, audio-visual and other carriers. This way is intuitive, vivid and easy to accept and understand, but the information transmission scope is limited.
In terms of reporting services in China, from the scope of information reported, there are domestic and foreign information, but mainly foreign information; From the subject of newspaper, there are social science, natural science and applied science, but applied science is the main one; From the level of reporting, there are retrieval publications that provide source information and abstract publications that convey the content of source information, but abstract publications are the main ones.
3.5.2.4 information consulting service
Information consulting service refers to the service activities that use modern scientific knowledge and modern technical means and methods to solve various complex problems in social development and economic construction. The American Association of Consulting Engineers believes that "modern consulting service is an activity that uses the existing scientific and technological expertise of experts to solve scientific and technological and management problems in social and economic fields and enterprises." It can be seen that information consulting service is the expanded reproduction of knowledge and the process of processing and synthesizing the original knowledge with brain power to produce great wisdom and benefits. Broadly speaking, the process of information consultation is also the process of information processing, that is, information exchange, feedback and processing. Therefore, information consulting service is an important way of information utilization.
Information consulting service has formed an independent category in the social industrial structure, namely information consulting service industry. Especially under the condition of knowledge economy, it has become a typical knowledge industry and one of the pillar industries in the era of knowledge economy. There are six main types of modern information consulting services: policy consulting, management consulting, engineering consulting, technical consulting, professional consulting and foreign-related consulting.
(1) Policy consultation. Policy consultation is to make decisions or make suggestions for the government, or provide alternatives to policies, or provide materials for selecting policies, or exert influence on government policies. Most of these consulting institutions are non-profit organizations, and their tasks come from governments or consortia, such as Hoover Institution, American Heritage Foundation, American Business Institute, RAND Corporation, Brookings Institution, Nomura Institute of Japan, and London Institute for International Strategic Studies.
(2) management consulting. Management consulting is an objective, fair and independent analysis of customers' management problems, and according to customers' requirements, experts provide service activities to solve customers' problems. Management consulting services cover a wide range, involving management, manufacturing, personnel, marketing, finance, accounting, administration, research and development and other fields. Such as Anderson consulting company in the United States and system engineering company in Germany.
(3) Engineering consultation. Engineering consulting is a systematic technical and economic demonstration consulting service for engineering construction and renovation projects, aiming at solving the technical and management problems existing in new construction, expansion and renovation projects and avoiding project decision-making mistakes. Engineering consultation usually refers to the whole process of engineering construction from project evaluation to completion and production, and generally involves consulting services in feasibility study, design, bidding and construction. Such as Atkins Consulting Company in Britain and China International Engineering Consulting Company.
(4) Technical consultation. Technical consultation is a consulting service activity that consulting institutions or personnel use their own technology, knowledge, information and experience to solve technical problems encountered by customers. The services involved in technical consultation mainly include technical problem diagnosis services; Technical innovation, equipment transformation and new product development services: technical consulting services for overseas technology and equipment introduction; Technical and economic analysis services; Technical feasibility study service; Technical achievements promotion service; Technical advisory services; Technology development forecasting service, etc.
(5) Professional consultation. Professional consultation is a consulting service aimed at a specific professional field, which mainly includes environmental consultation, financial consultation, accounting consultation, legal consultation, medical consultation, psychological consultation and life consultation. Professional consultation is generally professional and narrow in scope, and is mainly undertaken by experts in this field. The consulting institutions are relatively small in scale and flexible in operation. At present, professional consulting service has gradually developed into the mainstream service type of modern consulting industry.
(6) external consultation. Foreign-related consultation refers to the consulting service activities that consulting institutions rely on the advantages of information and knowledge and use the mastered technology and experience to help customers solve many complicated problems in foreign trade and international technical exchanges. Its main contents include: undertaking foreign investment, introducing advanced technology and equipment, project bidding evaluation, exporting advanced technology from China, labor service cooperation, and providing consulting services for foreign-funded enterprises and foreign institutions in China. Such consulting companies include internationally renowned KPMG and McKinsey, as well as China International Engineering Consulting Company, China International Economic Consulting Company and China International Technology Consulting Company.
3.5.2.5 network information service
Network information service refers to the activities that information institutions and industries engage in information collection, processing, storage, transmission, provision and utilization by using modern technologies such as computers, communication equipment and networks, and its purpose is to provide users with needed network information products and services.
Compared with traditional information service, network information service has the following characteristics: ① the scope of resources is constantly expanding, from paper resources to network resources; (2) the service means are more modern, and a large number of advanced information technologies are adopted; ③ The service mode is more active; (4) The service field has been continuously expanded, and the traditional information service has been transformed into a brand-new new field of network information service; ⑤ The service time has developed from conventional service to real-time service without time and space constraints; ⑥ The service is more personalized, and it can provide unique personalized information services according to the special needs of unique users.