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In the minds of ordinary people, enjoying life always seems to run counter to health. Wine has proved to us that enjoyment and health can be enjoyed at the same time, as long as it is not excessive. 1992, American and Canadian epidemiologist C. Ellison pointed out: In France, people often eat foods rich in fat, and the average cholesterol content of French people is not lower than that of other countries, but the death rate of heart disease in France is the lowest among industrialized countries, and its incidence rate is only 60% of that in the United States. The secret of living longer than Americans lies in regular drinking and other eating habits. It is rich in various minerals, such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, copper and so on. And antioxidant polyphenols. It has advantages in preventing arteriosclerosis, heart disease and stroke, and improving deficiency-cold and sleep. Tannin with a slightly astringent taste can relieve stress, calm the spirit, eliminate fatigue, regulate physique, improve skin quality, moisturize skin with vitamin C, improve vision and lower cholesterol with boron. ...
First, the health function of wine
1, increase appetite
The bright colors and clear and transparent posture of wine are pleasing to the eye; Pour it into the cup, and the aroma of fruit and wine is fragrant; When tasting, the tannins in the wine are slightly astringent, which promotes appetite. All these make the human body in a comfortable and pleasant state, which is beneficial to physical and mental health.
2. Nourishing effect
Wine contains sugar, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. These are all essential nutrients for human body. Without pre-digestion, it can be directly absorbed by human body. Especially for the infirm, drinking a proper amount of wine often is beneficial to the recovery of the body. Phenols and oligomeric elements in wine have the function of oxidants, which can prevent the damage of reactive oxygen species (ros) produced in the process of human metabolism to human body (such as dna and rna in cells), and are one of the factors leading to some degenerative diseases, such as cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis and aging. Therefore, drinking wine in moderation often has the effect of preventing aging and prolonging life.
3. Help digestion
Wine contains a variety of organic acids, slightly sour, similar to human acidity (ph2-2.5). This is a suitable condition for protein to digest, so wine is the best table drink with protein. Wine can stimulate gastric acid to secrete gastric juice, and every 60- 100g of wine can increase gastric juice secretion 120ml. Tannin in wine can increase the contraction of smooth muscle fibers in intestinal muscle system and regulate the function of colon. Has certain curative effect on colitis. Sweet white wine contains sorbitol, which helps digestion and prevents constipation.
4. Weight loss effect
Wine can lose weight. Every liter of dry wine contains 525 calories, which is only 65,438+0/65,438+05 of the average daily calorie required by human body. After drinking wine, it can be directly absorbed and digested by the human body, and it will be completely consumed within 4 hours without gaining weight. Therefore, people who often drink dry wine can not only supplement the water and various nutrients needed by the human body, but also help to lose weight.
5, diuretic effect
Some liquors contain high contents of potassium tartrate, potassium sulfate and potassium oxide, which has diuretic effect, can prevent edema and maintain acid-base balance in the body.
6, sterilization effect
The bactericidal effect of wine has long been recognized. For example, colds are common and frequently-occurring diseases, and antibacterial substances in wine can inhibit influenza viruses. The traditional method is to drink a glass of hot wine or a glass of red wine after heating, add an egg and stir, that is, stop heating and drink after cooling slightly. Studies show that the bactericidal effect of wine is because it contains antibacterial and bactericidal substances.
Second, the auxiliary therapeutic effect of wine on some diseases
1, alcohol and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Procyanidins in wine can stably form collagen fibers of various membranes, inhibit histidine decarboxylase, avoid producing too much histidine, reduce the permeability of blood vessel wall and prevent arteriosclerosis. In addition, the risk of death from proanthocyanidin infarction. According to the statistics of the American Medical Research Association, French and Italians who like to drink low-alcohol wine have the lowest death rate from heart disease, while Americans and Finns who drink more and drink less have a high death rate from heart disease.
2. The preventive and therapeutic effects of wine on cerebral thrombosis
Wine contains resveratrol, which is a plant antitoxin and can inhibit platelet aggregation. Veratrum in wine exists in grape skin and is a taxonomic glycoside. It contains about 1 microgram per liter in red wine, but only 0.2 microgram in white wine. Experiments show that even if red wine is diluted 1000 times, it can still effectively inhibit platelet aggregation, with an inhibition rate of 42%, which can reduce the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis.
3. Wine can prevent and treat kidney calculi.
German scientists found in their research that moderate drinking of wine can prevent kidney calculi. Recently, medical scientists from the Medical Research Institute of Munich University pointed out that the traditional view that drinking more drinks can prevent kidney calculi is unscientific and incomplete, and the most important thing is to look at what kind of drinks to drink. Through clinical observation of 45,000 healthy people and patients, the researchers confirmed that people who drink regularly and moderately are unlikely to suffer from kidney calculi's disease. Researchers found that people who drink different drinks in moderation have different risks of kidney calculi. People who drink a quarter liter of coffee every day have a 65,438+00% lower risk of kidney calculi than people who don't have this habit. Drinking black tea often is low14%; People who drink regularly have the least chance of getting kidney calculi, and their risk is 36% lower than those who are not used to drinking.
4. Alcohol can prevent breast cancer.
The latest experimental results show that wine has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer by feeding mice that induce cancer. Researchers at Illinois Pharmaceutical University chose mulberry, peanut and grape skin as the most effective anticancer agents. American scientists have recently discovered that wine contains a chemical that can prevent breast cancer. Williams told a news conference in Washington that they found a substance in red wine and white wine that can prevent breast cancer. This substance has this effect because it can resist estrogen, which is associated with breast cancer.
5. Alcohol can inhibit fat absorption.
Japanese scientists found that red wine can inhibit fat absorption, and some mice did experiments. After drinking wine for a period of time, mice found that the absorption rate of fat in the intestine slowed down, and the same conclusion was reached in clinical trials on people.
6, red wine to prevent retinal degeneration.
Harvard University found that red wine can prevent macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is caused by the free of harmful oxygen molecules, which damages the macula in the body. Wine, especially red wine, contains resveratrol, which can eliminate oxygen free radicals and protect eyesight from it. Experiments have confirmed that people who often drink a small amount of red wine are 20% less likely to suffer from macular degeneration than those who don't drink.
7. Alcohol helps to improve memory.
The experimental results published by scientists show that moderate drinking helps to improve brain memory and learning ability. After a lot of experiments, two doctors from Milan University found that drinking wine in moderation can promote the brain to produce a certain amount of chemicals, which can promote the production of an enzyme related to nerve cell memory. According to the measurement, compared with non-drinkers, the production of this enzyme after drinking alcohol enhances the memory and learning ability of the brain. Another doctor found that obese patients who drink alcohol properly during weight loss will maintain vigorous energy and will not be depressed because of dieting, which will lead to memory loss.
8. Alcohol can prevent colds.
So far, there is no good strategy for influenza in the world, because the influenza virus is resistant to most drugs. But the study found that people who drink wine often seldom catch a cold. This phenomenon attracted attention, and they added red liquor and grape juice to the virus culture solution for experiments. The results showed that common cold viruses such as herpes simplex virus and coxsackie virus would lose their vitality in wine and juice, and the juice extracted from grape skin was the best. Scientists believe that this is because grapes contain "phenol" compounds, which can form a thin film on the surface of the virus, making it difficult for it to enter human cells, thus achieving the effect of preventing and treating colds. Because "phenol" mainly exists in grape skins, drinking hot red wine when you have a cold can alleviate and prevent colds.
The above facts show that it is no exaggeration to call wine "the oldest drink and the most important medicine that has never been used in the whole world history".
The brewing of red wine is slightly different, and its main points are as follows:
(1) crushing and removing stalks: the raw materials are washed with water first, then crushed by a crushing and removing stalk device, and about 100ppm of so 2 is added to prevent the reproduction of harmful bacteria and the action of oxidase.
(2) Juicer-The juice squeezed by the juicer can reach 50-70% when dripping dry. The pomace should be immediately sent to the juicer for juicing. Juicing speed should be fast, so as to avoid excessive tannin dissolution during fruit brewing, which is harmful to product quality.
White wine is pressed first and then fermented, while red wine is pressed after fermentation, which is the main difference between them.
(3) After sugar test, acid test and composition adjustment, add 150~200ppm so 2.
(4) adding yeast-fruit juice, standing for 24-36 hours, removing mixed substances to clarify the fruit juice, and then adding yeast, wherein the yeast ratio is 1: 5000.
(5) Fermentation: put in a fermentation barrel, ferment until the temperature is lower than 2 1. 1℃, measure the temperature twice a day, and measure the juice concentration at least once a day. After 5-6 days of fermentation, the fermentation gradually slowed down, then the foam disappeared, the impurities sank and the liquid level was clear. After the main fermentation is completed in about one month, the barrel hole is sealed for post-fermentation.
Wine common sense:
(1) Can red grapes be used to make white wine?
Yes, although the color of wine comes entirely from grape skins, if the newly harvested grapes are peeled immediately without touching the grape juice, this is white wine.
French Champagne Many red grapes are grown here, but most of the wine is white wine.
Whit zinfamdel in California is also made of red grapes.
(2) What is tannin? Do you need wine?
Tannin is a natural substance, which is produced from grape skins, grape stems and barrels used to age some wines. It's like a preservative. Without it, wine will not age. Young wine has a high tannin content, so it tastes bitter. Because red wine is usually fermented with skin, the tannin content is higher than that of white wine.
(3) How to classify the three main types of wine from the alcohol content?
Wine in daily diet: the alcohol content is 8%~ 14%.
Sparkling wine: