How to use psychological counseling to promote the ideological transformation of stubborn criminals

Paying attention to the mental health of criminals and introducing psychological counseling and psychotherapy into the field of criminal reform, this new form of educational reform has been widely used since the 1980 s after discussions, attempts and summaries by prison workers in China. In 2003, the Ministry of Justice issued Order No.79, Chapter VII Psychological Correction, which made special provisions on this work. At present, the psychological correction of criminals still needs to be studied in the depth and breadth of application, and further explore effective ways and methods to reform criminals. As the key object of prison supervision and reform, how to introduce psychological counseling to reform ideas, eliminate risk factors, speed up the reform process of stubborn criminals and improve the quality of reform is of great practical significance for maintaining supervision safety, promoting psychological correction and stabilizing the order of prison reform. Analysis of the status quo and psychological characteristics of stubborn criminals are generally criminals with deep subjective bad habits, strong anti-social and anti-reform psychology, obvious and continuous anti-reform activities, rich experience in resisting reform or crime, boldness and desperation. Although the number is small, it is extremely destructive and harmful. According to the statistics of the ideological investigation of prisoners in our prison, criminals who are backward in thinking and resist reform account for about 2.4% of the total number of prisoners in the whole prison all the year round. Some are stubborn and rigid, lacking understanding of the harm of their crimes and refusing to plead guilty; Some are unrepentant, resist reform, evade reform (opportunistic or mixed punishment), and refuse to accept management. A few people have the potential danger of suicide, self-mutilation, escape and disturbing prison, which has caused certain pressure on the situation of prison supervision and reform in China. 1, introverted and relatively withdrawn. Apart from close friends, they are indifferent to ordinary people, aloof and unsociable, unsociable and have poor communication skills. 2. Poor emotional stability, emotional obstacles and low self-regulation ability. Usually grumpy, easy to cause trouble; Not calm and calm in the face of difficulties and setbacks; It is easy to be dominated by the environment, and the thoughts are vacillating. The emotions of emotions are suddenly obvious, and it is not easy to restore calm. 3. Strong independence, stubbornness and lack of flexibility. Usually have their own ideas, often regard themselves as heterogeneous; I don't care much about the constraints of public opinion and don't change my mind easily. 4, revenge is strong, and the heart is competitive. Never give in in the conflict, do whatever it takes, go to extremes, leave no room, be narrow-minded and have a strong revenge; Full of rebellious spirit, not easily give in, more stubborn. 5, anxiety is more serious, emotional disorders, emotional nature has changed. Studies have shown that long-term anxiety will turn into morbid emotions, and people who often feel it may form anxiety characteristics. It is characterized by anxiety, depression, anxiety, depression, pessimism and lack of self-confidence; My heart is full of insecurity and I can't face the reality of life correctly. Accompanied by impatience, physical and mental fatigue, insomnia, nightmares, terror and other phenomena; It is prone to irrational behavior and is a high-risk group of suicide and self-harm. 6. The criminal thinking mode of diehards is obvious, and the original criminal psychology is continuing. It is manifested in the deviation of social moral personality, anti-social consciousness, self-centeredness, lack of sense of responsibility and social emotion, and indolence; Social disorder; Instinctive desires often prevail; Good luck, etc. The necessary understanding of the application of psychological counseling to the reform of stubborn criminals. Psychological counseling for criminals refers to the use of psychological principles and methods to help criminals with certain psychological and behavioral problems find their own problems and roots, and then tap their own potential abilities, change their original cognitive structure and behavior patterns, thus improving their adaptability to prison life and their ability to cope with various unfortunate events, and playing a role in calming their emotions and promoting reform. It adapts to the structural and psychological characteristics of prisoners under the new situation, draws lessons from foreign modern scientific education methods, and is an effective extension and new supplement of educational reform. Because the psychology and behavior of stubborn criminals are different from those of ordinary criminals, it is generally said that stubborn criminals are criminals with psychological problems or even psychological obstacles, and promoting the transformation of stubborn criminals should be one of the key areas of criminal psychological correction. At present, the main task of reforming stubborn and dangerous criminals is the responsibility of contract police in various prison units. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve the quality of transforming stubborn dangerous criminals by innovating traditional ideological education methods and drawing lessons from psychological consultation. Due to the complexity of the daily work of the responsible police, it is difficult to systematically understand the knowledge and operational skills of psychological counseling. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to learn and master the basic principles and concepts of psychological counseling methods and integrate them into the reform of stubborn criminals. Establish the concept of respect, trust and listening carefully. This concept requires the prison police to care, be strict, respect, trust and listen carefully to the identity requirements of criminals like "parents". Prison police should respect the personality of stubborn criminals and listen sincerely. Believe what they say (don't believe it) and don't show contempt or carelessness. We should make good use of the psychology of stubborn criminals seeking change, pay attention to the principle of confidentiality, and actively and effectively establish a trust relationship. This "good relationship" is the prerequisite for all changes of stubborn criminals. Establish the concepts of persuasion, comfort and encouragement. This concept requires the prison police to add the concepts of persuasion, comfort and encouragement, which focus on persuasion education, to the identity requirements of criminals as "teachers". Because the prison police have a low evaluation of the reformed police and their accomplices, the prison police should use open questioning skills, listen more and talk less, reasonably channel the criminals' bad emotions, give them appropriate comfort and inspire them to make a correct analysis of the problems they face. Holistic thinking method. Holistic thinking means that the prison police should objectively and comprehensively understand the individual situation of stubborn dangerous criminals, pay attention to the organic connection of various psychological factors of criminals by using the viewpoint of system theory, and at the same time use the means of psychological test and evaluation to explore the deep-seated reasons of backward reform of stubborn dangerous criminals from the aspects of cognition, emotion, will and behavior, grasp the main contradictions and find out the problems, instead of simply talking about the matter. 4. Understand psychological counseling objectively. Psychological counseling belongs to the application of psychological science theory in practice. It is a means to guide and help people to know themselves, adjust themselves and develop themselves by using the universal laws of human psychology. It is precisely because psychological counseling only belongs to the category of guidance and help, not the treatment of mental illness. It is based on the guidance of the universal laws of human psychology, so responsible police should eliminate their fear of psychological counseling difficulties. Psychological counseling is a scientific method that can be seen and touched around them and can be basically understood and applied in a short time. In the application process of transforming stubborn criminals, the responsible police should not only realize the ease of use of the basic methods of psychological counseling, but also realize the limitations of psychological counseling methods. Only by using multidisciplinary and multi-means comprehensive measures can we effectively overcome the stubbornness and danger of stubborn and dangerous criminals. Corrective measures for the reform of stubborn dangerous criminals The reform of stubborn dangerous criminals is an extremely detailed, complex, multi-level, multi-directional, long-term and dynamic process. On the basis of mastering the basic psychological characteristics of stubborn criminals, we should do a good job in educational reform and psychological counseling. 1. In view of the introverted and withdrawn characteristics, we should broaden their horizons, guide them to participate in healthy and upward group activities, create opportunities for them to show their personal abilities, encourage them to dare to ask questions and participate in discussions, and improve their social adaptability and viability. For this stubborn and dangerous criminal, the responsible policeman should always take the initiative to contact him directly or indirectly, learn more news and the real situation, strengthen emotional ties, and turn the contradiction between management and being managed into the perfect unity of persuasion and venting, so as to get rid of the predicament, cheer up and rebuild a new life. 2. According to the characteristics of poor emotional stability, we should carry out psychological correction with educational psychotherapy as the main form, strengthen self-control ability training, improve self-control ability, avoid subjective one-sidedness and sentimentality, help him understand himself, check the negative aspects of his personality, touch the root of his anxiety and encourage him to try new behaviors. Rational emotional therapy should be a better psychotherapy method. 3. In view of the characteristics of stubborn personality and low similarity, we should realize that it is impossible to educate and reform such stubborn and dangerous criminals overnight, and we should establish the idea of perseverance and dropping water into stone. This is determined by the personality characteristics of stubborn criminals who are not bound by society and public opinion and do not give up their opinions easily. In view of the vengeful character, direct conflict with stubborn criminals should be minimized in the process of reform. When stubborn and dangerous criminals are in a state of excitement, prison police must act in strict accordance with the law, deal with them calmly and avoid impulsiveness. Because stubborn criminals are extremely narrow-minded, when they have conflicts with others, they will do whatever it takes to go to extremes. 5. In view of the high anxiety level, firstly, improve the cognitive structure of stubborn criminals, improve their cognitive level, treat reality correctly, accept reality, accept positive self and abandon negative self; Second, find the root of anxiety. Generally speaking, the root of anxiety or uneasiness lies in the fear of the unknown; Third, conduct psychological counseling and persuasion in time, discuss with stubborn criminals ways to eliminate the root causes of anxiety, and put them into practice. 6. The criminal thinking mode of stubborn criminals has obvious personality characteristics, which means that the individuals of stubborn criminals have the psychological basis of crime to varying degrees. Under certain conditions, the individuals of stubborn criminals may commit crimes again. Therefore, this is the difficulty and focus of reforming stubborn dangerous criminals. The formation of criminal motive and the generation of motivational behavior are determined by a person's wrong values. Wrong values mainly refer to wrong legal concepts and self-centered moral concepts. The correction and reconstruction of wrong values is mainly a long-term and unremitting task of prison legal education, ideological and moral education and labor education, and psychological counseling can only play an auxiliary role in the reconstruction of individual moral concepts. In short, stubborn and dangerous criminals are the key targets of regulatory reform. We should not simply regard them as the embodiment of evil, but as normal people with both good and evil. They are not an unnecessary part of the whole society, but an organic part of society, and they are a special group that prison police can't ignore but must pay attention to. Therefore, we should take a serious, earnest and solemn attitude and use a variety of effective reform methods to educate and reform stubborn criminals, so as to maintain supervision safety and social stability. (Jia Henan First Prison)