Safe production is the consistent policy and basic national policy of the party and the country, the basic guarantee for protecting the safety and health of workers and promoting the development of social productive forces, and also the basic condition for ensuring the development of socialist economy and further implementing reform and opening up. Recently, however, serious safety accidents have occurred frequently all over the country. These accidents not only caused national property losses and casualties, but also caused very bad effects in society. As a construction industry with frequent safety accidents, we should attach great importance to it, draw lessons from blood, raise awareness and prevent problems before they happen. Talking about how to do a good job in safety production of construction enterprises in combination with my own work experience.
A, the cause of the construction safety accident:
Some leaders have insufficient understanding of safety production policies and regulations, and cannot correctly balance the relationship between safety and production, safety and efficiency, and safety and progress. When progress, quality, efficiency and safety are in conflict, they often give in to safety and fail to regard safety as a major issue.
Under the impact of short-term behavior, the project manager is unwilling to invest in safety facilities, only seeking good short-term economic benefits, focusing on the present, regardless of the long-term, eager for quick success and quick success, and taking safety production as a chance.
Some safety managers have poor safety quality, are not familiar with norms and standards, know little about safety operation procedures, and turn a blind eye to potential safety hazards.
The quality of the construction team is low. With the increasing scale of infrastructure construction in China, the construction team has grown rapidly and a large number of migrant workers have poured in. However, migrant workers have poor knowledge of safety technology, superficial and unsystematic knowledge of safety operation and lack of self-protection ability.
The operation of mechanical equipment is not standardized, the personnel are not fixed, and the maintenance can't keep up. Only emphasize the use, ignore the management. Protective devices are either abandoned or used without maintenance, and mechanical equipment is aging. The scrapped ones are still in use.
Failing to use safety protection articles according to regulations, or the quality of protection articles is inferior, which can not play a protective role at all. For example, the bridge engineering construction adopts multi-layer operation, and the main body construction is not provided with railings and safety nets.
Electricity consumption in the construction site is not standardized, fences or protective nets are not set beside overhead lines or equipment, electrical equipment is not effectively grounded to zero, there is no necessary leakage protection device, wires and cables are peeled and aged, and they are pulled indiscriminately, resulting in leakage due to chaotic management.
The fire-fighting equipment on the construction site is insufficient, and the construction personnel are not familiar with it. If there really is a fire, they will be at a loss.
To sum up, the most fundamental reasons for safety accidents are: first, people's thoughts are not taken seriously, their quality is low, and their safety awareness is poor; Second, the safety protection performance of mechanical equipment is poor, and the operation of construction personnel is not standardized. Third, the safety protection measures are not in place and the reliability is poor. In order to prevent safety accidents, we must grasp the root causes of accidents and fundamentally eliminate potential safety hazards, so as to effectively control accidents.
Second, do a good job in production safety suggestions:
Throughout the history of the development of security measures, and the successful experience of countries around the world in security fortification, Part I: People's awareness and ability of self-protection.
All people, like all animals and plants, have certain self-protection consciousness and ability, which is the most primitive and basic survival instinct. However, this instinct varies greatly from person to person. For example, some people can avoid injury for life even if they are engaged in dangerous work, while others are often injured even if they are engaged in ordinary work. This is the viewpoint expounded in the single-factor theory of accident cause theory-"workers with accident tendency" Industrial construction and production itself is a dangerous process of creating wealth, in which the most advanced technology is very high, so people's quality must be high, and their awareness and ability of self-protection must be strong, just like the quality of pilots and cleaners is different. Enterprises must pay attention to the following aspects when recruiting and selecting personnel.
1. Everyone has good basic qualities. As a natural person, their qualities are very different. Quality can be divided into physical quality, spiritual quality and ideological quality. Good physical fitness refers to a person's normal physical development, no disease in body and internal organs, and can engage in various activities normally; Good psychological quality refers to people's quick thinking, quick response, healthy and rational nerves, and being able to make correct judgments on various accidents quickly; Good ideological quality refers to a person's world outlook and moral quality, correct outlook on life and values, and the spirit of being willing to contribute, being kind to others and giving love. Secondly, people's basic qualities include loving life, and only those who love life will cherish their own lives.
2. Have rich life experience and work experience. Life experience and work practice can enrich people's awareness and ability of self-protection in a subtle way. Although people's self-protection consciousness and ability is a kind of survival instinct, except those physiological self-protection functions, the rest are obtained through learning imitation, experience accumulation and education. War-hardened veterans and experienced workers can skillfully use various ways to protect themselves.
3. Education level and safety professional training. Through the education level, we can see a person's basic quality and IQ from one side; By receiving safety training, we can see how well a person has mastered the basic knowledge of safety specialty (safety thought, safety knowledge, safety technology, safety experience and typical accident cases). In short, people with high education and long-term safety training will undoubtedly have higher self-protection awareness and ability.
Self-protection consciousness and ability is a kind of active consciousness from the heart, a kind of demand, an inner subconscious, without any external force. Taking it as the first barrier between construction production and accidents will surely get twice the result with half the effort.
First, a strong administrative security system.
The administrative security system can be divided into two levels, one is the national governments at all levels, and the other is the industry organizations at all levels. Although their functions and powers are different, it is one of the most basic and powerful guarantees to ensure safe construction and production.
In order to ensure the safety and health of personnel in the process of construction and production, the state and governments at all levels must formulate major policies to ensure safe production, and promulgate and implement them in legal form. In terms of policies and laws, it is also necessary to give necessary protection and inclination to safety production, and governments at all levels should implement it at all levels, strictly instructing all industries and enterprises to seriously implement it. In the process of implementation, governments at all levels should constantly carry out inspection, supervision and guidance. For industries and enterprises that are not implemented in place, it is necessary to make use of government functions to intervene and deal with them.
The industry shall, in accordance with the national guidelines, policies, decrees and regulations on production safety, formulate the safety management regulations, safety operation procedures and related safety management systems of the industry and the system to ensure the implementation of the national guidelines and policies on production safety. It is also necessary to use powerful means to require subordinate institutions and enterprises to strictly implement them. Make necessary and timely adjustments and treatments to institutions and enterprises with problems, and put safety work in an important position when assessing enterprises.
An enterprise shall formulate its own safety management system, measures and methods according to the national safety production guidelines, policies and regulations, as well as the safety management regulations, systems and safety operation rules formulated by the industry. The administrative leaders at all levels of the enterprise and the heads of relevant departments must be the 1 responsible persons for safety work to ensure the implementation of various safety management systems, measures and methods. In order to achieve the goal, enterprises can use various means and measures to strengthen safety work, such as safety risk of mortgage, punishing illegal personnel and dereliction of duty management personnel, rewarding those who have contributed to safety work, improving the safety responsibility system, and implementing "striving for Excellence" with one-vote veto on safety.
First, the technical guarantee system for scientific and normal operation.
Technical guarantee system is an important link to ensure the safety of all construction and production processes. Problems in any technical link are the most prone to major accidents. Far more serious than the consequences caused by personal violations of operators. As a building production enterprise, in order to ensure the safety of building production, we should do two technical jobs well.
First of all, we must ensure that the quality and performance of all kinds of equipment, tools and materials in use and to be purchased meet the requirements, meet the needs of safe construction and production, and meet the needs of product quality first in a hundred years. It is not difficult to see from the major accidents in the world over the years that tragedies caused by mechanical properties, product quality, material quality and engineering quality occur from time to time. Therefore, the relevant departments and personnel in the enterprise, engineers and technicians at all levels must do this work well.
Secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the technological process, operation method, personnel allocation, mechanical tool allocation, safety technical requirements and quality requirements of construction production are reasonable and scientific. In order to achieve this goal, we must improve a complete, rigorous and standardized technical guarantee system and technical document operation procedures. The technical guarantee system is: enterprise chief engineer-engineering department-project chief engineer-engineering department-branch engineer-sub-project technician. The system should be composed of people who are proficient in business, have a strong sense of responsibility, are in their prime of life and dare to take responsibility. The operating procedures of technical documents should be: unit project construction organization design (after approval)-divisional project construction scheme-countersigned by relevant departments and personnel-approved by chief engineer-countersigned by relevant departments and personnel-approved by chief engineer (project)-disclosure to construction personnel-start construction production-follow-up inspection and guidance during construction production. This scheme should be further refined in actual operation, and a set of systems and methods should be established; In order to realize all construction and production activities, there must be a construction plan and safety technical measures, and before construction and production, detailed disclosure must be made to the construction and production personnel, otherwise construction shall not be started. Those who do not follow this requirement or change the scheme measures without authorization must be dealt with seriously once found, and the consequences will be given administrative sanctions until criminal responsibility is investigated. There must be strict technical discipline, and only in this way can we technically ensure safe construction and production.
First: scientific, standard, complete, timely and reliable safety protection hardware facilities.
All devices, equipment and articles specially designed to ensure safety are hardware facilities for safety protection. The hardware facilities in safety protection play the most intuitive and effective role in implementing safety protection. In every project, there are many cases where construction and production personnel are protected by safety protection hardware facilities. At the same time, because of the imperfection of these hardware facilities, there have been many accidents in which construction and production personnel were injured. If the hardware facilities of safety protection can be set perfectly, then it is exaggerated to say that the construction site will be in the best state where it is difficult to commit suicide. To achieve this state, efforts should be made in the following five aspects.
1. Science. Refers to the safety protection hardware facilities in manufacturing. Rationality and advancement in the process of installation and use. For example, the electrical part of the limit device in hoisting machinery, the braking devices in various construction machinery and transport vehicles, and the anti-falling facilities on site should make full use of high-tech advanced technology.
2. standard. That is, unification. Uniform specifications, uniform colors and uniform materials. At present, some countries have formulated standards for articles, such as safety nets, safety belts and helmets. The power industry has formulated the industry standards for platform railings and hole covers. At present, there are no standard safety protection facilities, such as temporary handrails of stairs, access cover plates, and hand-held horizontal pull ropes for single-beam walking protection at high places. Engineering technicians and safety supervisors of enterprises and projects should formulate their own unified standards, and a large construction site must not be arbitrary in the production and function of safety protection hardware facilities.
3. complete. Is to leave a hole in space. All places where safety protection hardware facilities are to be used and installed must be installed in place, leaving no space. This also includes personal safety protection articles, such as seat belts and helmets.
4. Timely. Is to leave no gap in time. After the formation of a new construction environment, we must first improve all kinds of safety protection hardware facilities before we can carry out construction and production. All kinds of safety protection hardware facilities already in use are damaged or dismantled, so it is necessary to restore and repair them immediately, and there is no chance.
. Reliable. That is firm and accurate. Sturdy means being able to withstand use and play a protective role in the event of an accident. Accuracy means that the position must be correct. After calculation and field verification, all safety protection hardware facilities can give full play to their functions.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd