Top ten shareholders of Guotai Junan: Shanghai International Group Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Investment Holding Co., Ltd.; Shanghai state-owned assets management co., ltd; China Securities Finance Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Chengtou (Group) Co., Ltd.; Hong Kong Securities Clearing (Agency) Limited; Shenzhen energy group co., ltd; Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited, etc. , all have a state-owned background.
The company is a for-profit enterprise legal person established in China according to the Company Law, including limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies. It is a form of enterprise organization formed in the market economy to meet the needs of socialized mass production.
germination period
Before the company appeared, the sole proprietorship enterprise was the most typical enterprise form; All kinds of partnership organizations coexist with sole proprietorship enterprises, and the most typical partnership organization at that time was family management group.
Before the company came into being, the partnership organization did not obtain the legal person status, but some other legal persons appeared. This situation can be traced back to ancient Rome. In ancient Rome, the state, local autonomous organizations, monasteries and other religious groups, nursing homes and other charitable organizations all obtained legal person status. In the Middle Ages, some trade groups obtained legal personality, especially those engaged in overseas trade. In medieval England, such organizations enjoyed greater independence than partnership organizations.
unlimited company
The earliest company was Infinite Company. However, there is no essential difference between an unlimited company and a partnership enterprise, but a partnership organization with legal person status.
The first legislation on unlimited companies was 1673, the commercial regulations of Louis XIV of France, which was then called ordinary companies. In the French Commercial Code 1807, it was renamed as United Company. Japanese commercial law also stipulates that there are "joint associations". Infinite company has made great progress since it came into being, but with the emergence of joint-stock companies and limited liability companies, infinite company has retired to a secondary position.
limited partnership
These two companies evolved from the Comanda organization that appeared in the 5th century. In the Comanda organization, some people contribute money, but bear limited liability; Some people contribute, but bear unlimited responsibilities. Later, Comanda organization developed into two enterprise forms, one is dormant partnership (limited partnership) and the other is joint venture. After the emergence of joint-stock companies, joint-stock companies have evolved into a new form: joint-stock companies. However, due to the emergence of joint-stock companies and limited liability companies, neither of them has developed on a large scale.
incorporated company
1555, the Queen of England chartered to trade with Russian companies, resulting in the first modern joint stock limited company. It is generally believed that joint-stock companies originated from colonial companies established by Britain, the Netherlands and other countries in the17th century. For example, the famous British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company are the earliest joint-stock companies. 1807 "French commercial code" made a complete and systematic provision for joint stock limited company for the first time. Today, joint stock limited company has become the leading company form in the western capitalist world.
limited liability company
The limited liability company first appeared in Germany at the end of 19. Limited company basically absorbs the advantages of unlimited company and joint-stock company, and avoids their disadvantages, which is especially suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises. The earliest limited liability company legislation is the German limited liability company law of 1892. Later, France 19 19 and Japan 1938 also enacted the limited company law.