Communication is the most important way to get along with people. Improper communication will lead to many contradictions and problems. So, learn to communicate.
Unit 1? Structure and function of communication
First, the definition of communication
Communication refers to the process of information transmission and exchange.
1, interpersonal communication, namely interpersonal communication, is a direct form of communication.
2. Mass communication, that is, media communication, is a process in which people exchange information through the media such as movies, television, newspapers and periodicals.
In fact, communication also includes inner communication, that is, talking to oneself. By talking to yourself, you can constantly perceive and reflect, know yourself, know yourself and know yourself better. When we make ourselves clear, it is easier to understand and accept others.
Second, the structure of communication
The communication process consists of seven elements: information source, information, channel, information receiver, feedback, obstacles and background.
1. Information source: an individual (consultant) who has information and tries to communicate.
2. Information: convey thoughts and feelings to others.
3. Channel: information carrier (consultation mode, interview, video recording)
4. Information receiver: the other side of communication (helper)
5. Feedback: Two-way interaction process (summary)
6. Obstacles: various obstacles (resistance, empathy)
7. Background: the situation (place, atmosphere) when the communication takes place.
Third, the function of communication
1, the means to get information (socializing, people spend 70% of their waking hours communicating)
2. Tools to exchange ideas and share feelings (women like to chat together)
3. An important factor to meet demand and maintain psychological balance (man-organism-open system; Retired people should go out)
Fourth, the classification of interpersonal communication.
1, formal communication and informal communication
2. Communicate upward, downward and in parallel.
3. One-way communication and two-way communication
Verb (abbreviation of verb) communication network
(1) Formal communication network:
1. chain (single line connection, low efficiency)
2. Wheeled (centralized, leading)
3. Round (round table, more democratic)
4. Omni-channel (extending in all directions, but easily confused) information transmission is fast, and the satisfaction of group members is relatively high (group counseling training)
5.y type (the secretary sends a notice to each department on behalf of the leader)
Informal communication network
Through the study of "gossip", Davis found that it has three forms: gossip, cluster (grape vine) and accident.
Informal communication is fast, influential and easy to be distorted and distorted.
So, if you want to keep a secret, don't tell anyone (except the professional consultant in the consulting room)
Unit 2? Body language communication
Body language: short for body language.
Nature: Body language refers to nonverbal body symbols.
Content: including eyes and facial expressions, body movements and touches, posture and decoration, and spatial distance between bodies.
Body language communication: Communication through body language is called body language communication.
The field of body language communication is body linguistics.
First, eyes and facial expressions.
1 eye
The eyes are the windows to the soul. It is difficult for people to control their eyes at will. The change of mood is first reflected in the change of pupil, and eye contact is the most important way of body language communication.
Second, body movement and touch.
Body movements are the easiest body language for individuals to find. Among them, sign language plays an important role.
Touch is a powerful way of interpersonal communication. People have the deepest emotional experience when they touch and touch. Physical contact in daily life is a way to express some strong feelings.
It is very important for both the elderly and children: babies touch and do exercises, comb their hair, and beat their backs and legs.
Third, posture and makeup.
Posture is the body language in which individuals express their feelings and attitudes through body or limb movements.
Clothing, makeup, accessories and personal belongings can also reveal a person's taste, hobbies, emotions, attitudes, social roles and other information.
Fourth, interpersonal distance.
Interpersonal distance is the spatial distance of individual body in communication and communication.
American scholar Hall put forward four kinds of interpersonal distance:
1. Public distance (3.6m-7.5m): for formal occasions, one-way communication (lectures, speeches, speeches).
2. The social distance (1 .2-3.6m) is professional distance, and there are many specifications, business contacts and consultations (generally the distance is around1m).
3. Personal distance (0.5- 1.2m): relatively loose, between friends.
4. Intimate distance (within 0.5m): between relatives and between husband and wife.
Influencing factors of interpersonal distance: gender (women are closer), environment, social status (the higher the status, the farther away), culture and nationality.