The manifestations or symptoms of psychological problems can be divided into three categories: physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and social dysfunction.
First, physical symptoms:
Physical symptoms caused by psychological problems can be divided into three categories. The first category is physical symptoms caused by psychosomatic diseases. Psychosomatic diseases refer to a group of diseases with obvious physical symptoms caused by psychological factors or playing an important role in the prognosis of diseases. Common psychosomatic diseases include hypertension, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and asthma. The symptoms of these diseases are familiar to everyone. The principle of diagnosis and treatment of this kind of disease is to control symptoms or save lives by common clinical means in acute stage, and to control the recurrence of the disease or delay the course of disease or prolong life in chronic stage or remission stage, thus improving the quality of life of patients.
What is emphasized here is the physical symptoms caused by neurosis and maladjustment. As mentioned above, these symptoms are often misdiagnosed as internal diseases and cannot be cured by long-term treatment. But the physical symptoms caused by these two kinds of problems are different from psychosomatic diseases. Psychosomatic diseases have definite physical symptoms, and corresponding definite lesions can be found through ECG, gastroscopy and other auxiliary examinations, and a definite diagnosis can be obtained; However, the physical symptoms caused by neurosis and maladjustment can not be diagnosed clearly through the auxiliary examination of internal surgery, such as CT and MRI. The physical symptoms caused by these two psychological problems are often: headache, dizziness, chest pain, chest tightness, low back pain, nausea, vomiting or stomach discomfort, muscle aches, stiff or tight neck, dyspnea, bouts of chills or fever, throat infarction, weakness in a certain part of the body, numbness or tingling in some parts of the body, heavy hands and feet, loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping and overeating. These problems can't be solved by ordinary psychological counselors because they don't have solid medical knowledge. For these problems, it is best to be diagnosed by psychologists with clinical psychology or medical psychology, because they have both medical knowledge and psychological knowledge, and can identify various possible physical diseases and psychological problems that cause these symptoms, and treat them through the combination of corresponding professional psychotherapy and drug therapy, which can greatly shorten the course of patients, alleviate their pain and greatly reduce the economic burden of patients and families. There are two differences between these patients and patients with real physical diseases: 1) They often have personality factors and are often accompanied by various life stress events, such as unemployment, demotion, promotion, dropping out of school, widowhood, divorce and lovelorn. Relatives and friends can often detect it; 2) Such patients often have only the above subjective symptoms, no obvious physical symptoms and no definite pathological changes. These two situations are relatively easy to distinguish. For everyone, one thing to remember is to see a real clinical psychologist. Unfortunately, there are relatively few clinical psychologists in China. Secondly, it is to see psychiatrists and neurologists, because they understand and deal with psychological problems better than general practitioners.
Second, psychological symptoms:
Psychological symptoms are mainly neurosis or psychosis, and the common ones are: 1) anxiety: for example, nervousness; Suddenly feel inexplicable fear; Feel afraid; My heart is beating very hard; Feeling nervous or easily nervous; A wave of fear or panic; Feel uneasy and uneasy; Familiar things become strange or look unreal; Feeling the need to finish things quickly; 2) Depression syndrome: decreased interest in the opposite sex; I feel that my energy is declining and my activities are slowing down; Want to end his life; Easy to cry; Feel cheated, quilt cover or someone wants to arrest you; Always blame yourself; Feel lonely; Feel depressed; Excessive worry; Not interested in things; Feel hopeless about the future; I think everything is difficult; Feel worthless; 3) Obsessive-compulsive disorder: unnecessary thoughts or words are hovering in my mind; Forgetfulness is great; Worried about their neat clothes and correct manners; Find it difficult to complete the task; Do things slowly to ensure accuracy; Do things must be checked repeatedly; Difficult to make a decision; The brain has become empty; Unable to concentrate; You must wash your hands repeatedly, count or touch something; 4) Terror syndrome: fear of empty places or streets; Afraid of going out alone; Fear of taking trams, buses, subways or trains; Avoid things, occasions or activities because of fear; Feel uncomfortable in crowded shops or cinemas; Be nervous when you are alone; Fear of fainting in public; 5) Psychotic syndrome: feeling that others can control your mind; Hear voices that others can't hear; Others can know your private thoughts; Some ideas don't belong to you; Even with others, I will feel lonely; Worried about some thoughts about sex; You think you should be punished for your mistakes; I feel that I have serious physical problems; Never feel close to others; I feel that there is something wrong with my brain.
Third, social dysfunction:
Social dysfunction caused by psychological problems is mainly caused by the following misconceptions: 1) Sensitive interpersonal relationships: complaining about others and seeking perfection; Feel shy and uncomfortable when getting along with the opposite sex; Your feelings are easily hurt; Feel that others don't understand and sympathize with you; I feel that people are unfriendly and don't like you; Inferiority to others; People feel uncomfortable when they look at you or talk about you; Feeling nervous about others; I feel uncomfortable eating in public places; 2) paranoia: complaining about others and making trouble; Feeling that most people can't be trusted; Feel that someone is watching you and talking about you; Have some ideas or ideas that others don't have; Others have not made a proper evaluation of your achievements; Feel the aggressive behavior caused by others trying to take advantage of you, easily get upset, get emotional, lose your temper out of control, have the impulse to hit or hurt others, have the impulse to break or destroy things, often quarrel with others, shout or break things or other obvious weird behaviors that ordinary people can feel. For children and adolescents, according to different ages, there are often crying, night terrors, enuresis, finger biting, unwillingness to go to school, truancy, sudden decline in academic performance and so on. As far as psychological symptoms and social dysfunction caused by psychological problems are concerned, what most of us can do is to understand these symptoms and seek the help of psychologists, psychiatrists and neurologists when they or their relatives and colleagues have the above problems for more than two weeks.