Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Born in Guangshan County, Henan Province, a native of Sushui Village, Xiaxian County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), he is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Sima Guang was a politician, writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. He lived in Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong dynasties. He presided over the compilation of the first chronicle general history in the history of China-"Learning from the Same Experience". Sima Guang is gentle, humble and upright, and his personality under Confucian education is exemplary and has always been admired by people.
Personal achievement folding edit this paragraph
Sima guang statue
Sima guang statue
Sima Guang's main achievements are embodied in his academic research. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian. During the Xining period in Song Shenzong, Sima Guang strongly opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and asked to go abroad. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, and lived in Luoyang for the next fifteen years without asking about political affairs. During this leisurely time, Sima Guang presided over the compilation of 294 volumes of nearly 4 million words of chronological history book Zi Tongzhi Jian. Sima Guang's paradise is not only his apartment, but also the location of Zitongzhi Bamboo Slips Bookstore. The environment here is beautiful and the style is simple, which reflects the owner's interest and pursuit. Its publishing house was established in Bianjing. In addition to Sima Guang, famous scholars at that time, such as Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu, participated in the work of the publishing house. Among them, Sima Guang is the editor-in-chief, Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu are co-schools, and Sima Kang, the son of Sima Guang, is responsible for collating the text. After Sima Guang came to Luoyang, he moved the bookstore of Zi Tong Zhi Jian from the capital of song dynasty to Luoyang. Not only bookstore employees live in the park, but also celebrities from Luo Yang, such as Er Cheng, Shao Yong, Wen Yanbo and Lv Mengzheng, often come here for parties. This is an academic center. [2]
He said in Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "I am so tired now, my eyes are dim, my teeth are missing, and my knowledge is exhausted. At present, I just forget it. My energy is on this book. " Sima Guang devoted himself to this book all his life, and died of overwork in less than two years. From the publication of Zi Tongzhi Jian to the abridged and finalized version of Zi Tongzhi Jian, Sima Guang wrote it himself, and so did others.
Zi Tongzhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total volume of 294 * *, which runs through ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period (403 BC) when Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, and ending at the end of the Five Dynasties (Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou) and before the end of Song Taizu (955 AD). The author recorded the historical facts of this year 1362 in chronological order, taking the year as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude. The cause and effect of major historical events are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance. Hu Sansheng, a historian at the turn of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, said: "If you don't know the mirror, you will want to govern without knowing the source of autonomy, and if you are evil, you won't know the art of preventing chaos. If you are a minister and don't know Tong Jian, then you have nothing to do with the monarch and nothing to do with the people. ..... This is like using soldiers and teachers to create laws and regulations. I don't know what the ancients got, but it is inevitable to lose and win. " Wang Yinglin said: "Since bookmarking, there is no such thing as a mirror." Wang Mingsheng, a great historian in the Qing Dynasty, said: "This book is indispensable between heaven and earth, and it is also a must-read book for scholars" (Discussion on the Seventeen Histories 1). Liang Qichao, a famous scholar in modern times, commented on Tong Jian and said: "The Tong Jian written by Sima Wengong is also a great work in the world. Its magnificent structure and rich materials make it impossible for future generations who want to compile a general history to take it as a blueprint, but so far no one can rule it. Wen Gong is also a great man! "
Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to Zi Jian, there are 80 volumes of Tong Jian Li, 20 volumes of Lu and 6 volumes of Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao. In addition, he has research and writings in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are Hanlin Cao Shi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi and Shuowen Jiezi. Historically, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius). "Frugal training, showing health" is included in the Chinese textbook of senior high school.
Sima Guang's story is folded and edited in this paragraph.
Break the cylinder hero fold
Once Sima Guang smashed a jar.
Sima Guang hits tanks.
Sima Guang is playing with his friends in the backyard. There is a big water tank in the yard. A child climbed to the edge of the tank to play and accidentally fell into Tanqueray. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof. When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help. Sima Guang, however, used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it hard at the water tank. "bang!" The water tank was broken, the water in the tank came out, and the child who was submerged in the water was saved. Xiao Sima Guang was calm when he was in trouble, and he was like an adult since he was a child. This accidental event made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted it and spread it widely.
Peeling and folding of walnuts
When Sima Guang was five or six years old, he once took a green walnut and asked his sister to help him peel it. Her sister didn't peel it for a long time, so she left angrily.
After a while, the maid came over, knowing that Sima Guang wanted to eat walnuts, she scooped up a bowl of boiling water and put the green walnuts in the water. Walnuts peel easily when soaked in boiling water. Sima Guang's sister came out of the back room and saw him eating walnuts. She asked who peeled the walnuts. Sima Guang said, "Of course I peeled it. I have an idea. I soaked it in boiling water and the skin fell off. "
Just then, Sima Guang's father came into the room and reprimanded him severely: "You child, how can you lie!" " "It turns out that the scene where the maid peeled walnuts for Sima Guang happened to be clearly seen by the father outside the window.
Sima Guang knew he was wrong and bowed his head at once. From then on, he kept in mind his father's teachings, lived honestly and never lied again.
This laid the foundation for him to become an important minister of the country in the future.
Folding police pillow
After Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, he began to write Zi Tongzhi Jian. He made a pillow out of logs and named it "Police Pillow", in order to guard against sleeping at all times. When you put your head on this log, when you fall asleep, the "police pillow" will roll, and you will wake yourself up if you make any noise. Sima Guang got up immediately after waking up and continued to write a book with a pen.
Sell horses and fold them.
Sima Guang lived in poverty when he was old. Once, the family had no money, so he asked a veteran to take his old horse to the market to sell. When the veteran left, Sima Guang urged, "This horse once suffered from lung disease. If someone buys a horse, you should tell them truthfully. " The veteran laughed at his pedantry in private, but he couldn't understand his real intention. It is incredible that Sima Guang should be so sincere.
Respect your brother and fold.
Sima Guang' s younger brother, Sima Dan, was very old when he was about eighty years old, but he never entrusted servants to take care of his younger brother, but took care of himself. Serve your brother like a father. Especially the elderly are weak and have indigestion, so they need to eat less and eat more meals. So whenever soon after dinner, Sima Guang always greets his brother kindly: "Are you hungry? Would you like something else? " Pay attention almost all the time, just like taking care of a baby.
When the weather turns slightly cold, Sima Guang often caresses his brother's back and asks with concern, "Is the clothes too thin?" Will it be cold? "How warm and touching it is to be with my brother every day!
The proverb says, "When we meet each other late and grow old together, when can we be brothers?" Sima Guang took the sincere friendship between brothers to the extreme and passed it down as a beautiful talk between ancient and modern times.
Through Sima Guang's four short stories, we can get a glimpse of his impeccable morality, knowledge and self-restraint, which is due to his filial piety, friendship and loyalty. All this is because Sima Guang received a good family education from an early age and developed the nature of "habit becomes nature, and less becomes nature".
Sima Kang, the son of Sima Guang, also inherited his father's ambition. He has been diligent and studious since childhood. He is not only knowledgeable and familiar with the history of Confucian classics, but also participated in the compilation of his father's Zi Tong Zhi Jian with rigorous academic attitude and profound historical knowledge. Serving parents is also extremely filial. I was very sad when my mother died. I haven't dropped water for three days and nights. My filial piety is sincere.
Sima Guang's model of human relations is a monument admired by later generations.
The prime minister of a country folded and edited this paragraph.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he acceded to the throne, and the Empress Dowager listened to politics and called Sima Guang to Beijing to preside over state affairs. The following year, he was appointed as Shangshu Zuofushe (the adjutant of Shangshu Province, who became the chief executive of Shangshu Province after being made a virtual post by Shangshu, and became a veritable chief prime minister at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty and the end of the Northern Song Dynasty), and served as an assistant minister. He was deposed in a few months.