In October of the second year of Chongzhen (1629), there was a "self-change", and Huang Taiji led tens of thousands of Qing soldiers to bypass Mongolia and avoid the defense zone of Zhao Lvjiao, a Shanhaiguan general loyal to the Ming Dynasty. 127 October 65438+ broke through Daankou, and was trapped in Zunhua and Santun camps in early June 165438+. Governor Wang Yuanya and company commander Zhu Yanguo committed suicide. The capital was shaken, and martial law was imposed. At the same time, the imperial edict was issued to all military forces to refuse the king. Yuan Chonghuan, the supervisor of Hebei and Liao, had long expected the move of the latter. To this end, Yuan Chonghuan once officially told Emperor Chongzhen, saying, "If you are in harmony with Heaven and other places, you should listen to the governor as a government. I dare not cross the line." (On May 16, 2002, Chongzhen went to the Ministry of War of the Official Department and presented the book titled "Begging for Redundant Officials to Help the Country" by Yuan Chonghuan, the Minister of War). It is clear that the thistle gate is weak and should be heavily guarded. Not only that, Yuan Chonghuan went to play the flute again and said, "Ji Menling is on his back, so the troops don't add it. If you become a guide, you will commit crimes through slavery, and there will be unknowns. "Because Ningjin defense line is strong, Huang Taiji can't break, so it will take Mongolia as the guide and break through the Great Wall to threaten Beijing.
"September is ugly, Yuan Chonghuan to the Qing army to the west, please close the door in Ningyuan first, but also send joining Xie Shangzheng to prepare. Wang Yuanya, governor of Shuntian, said: This is a warning. If they are all sent back, the teacher will not bear fruit. " (Record of Chongzhen, Volume II)
"Chonghuan plays with you:" I keep Ningyuan, Kou made it for me, and I will never dare to invade the official world. It's just that Zunhua's defensive position is weak all the way, so it's appropriate to set up a Yong ying general company there. "Therefore, Wang Wei was invited. The Ministry of War was disintegrated by Wang Weixin and refused to give it at once, making it difficult to move. "("Stone Book "episode)
Gai Chonghuan has been in Liao since he took office, and he is short of money. Just after the New Year, the barriers in Jinning have changed. We're going to equip horses. We have a clue. I'm determined to cross the river, but I'm afraid the thistle gate will be weak, so please stay with heavy troops. I have made a special statement, and I will urge it next. (white grievance)
However, Yuan Chonghuan's two visits did not attract enough attention from Emperor Chongzhen, and the reinforcements sent were sent back. Yuan Chonghuan was right about the unfortunate consequences.
In the second year of Chongzhen, that is, the third year of Tiancong (1629), on October 26th, the Eight Banners captured Longjingguan and Daankou of Great Wall Pass respectively. When the Yuji City was "ruined and abandoned by both the army and the people", the late Jin army did not encounter any stubborn resistance and successfully broke through the Great Wall. On the 30th, the enemy arrived in Zunhua City. Zunhua is located in the northeast of Shi Jing, 300 miles away from Shi Jing. 1 1 On the first day of the month, the capital was under martial law.
Although according to the division of labor of the imperial court, Yuan Chonghuan was mainly responsible for the defense outside Shanhaiguan, and Liu Ce, governor of Hebei and Liaoning, was responsible for the defense inside Shanhaiguan. Yuan Chonghuan, as Du Fu's poem in Hebei and Liaoning, is duty-bound to defend the whole Hebei and Liaoning region, and the late Jin fighters came from outside Shanhaiguan.
First, on129, Yuan Chonghuan went from Ningyuan to Shanhaiguan, passing through Zhonghousuo, and there was news that 8 Jin Army had broken Daankou. Yuan Chonghuan has made the following military defense arrangements:
First, strictly observe Shanhaiguan. Because Zhao Lvjiao, the company commander of Shanhaiguan, has been transferred to Shanhaiguan, and Zu Dashou, the company commander of Ningyuan, also entered Shanhaiguan with the elite, so Yuan Chonghuan ordered Zhu Mei, the former company commander, and Xu Fu, the company commander, to guard Shanhaiguan in case the latter seized the opportunity to seize the customs.
Second, strictly observe the main roads in the capital. Yuan Chonghuan ordered general Yang Chunshou Yongping, guerrilla Shou Qian 'an, army commander Liu Zhenhua Shou Jianchang, general Zou Zongwu Shou and guerrilla Cai Yushou Yutian.
Third, strictly observe the Gyeonggi area. In Jizhou, Sanhe, Miyun, Shunyi and other places near the northeast of the capital, strict protection measures were taken to prevent the late Jin from entering Beijing from the northeast road. Yuan Chonghuan ordered Cao, the company commander of Baoding, to stop the enemy in Jizhou, and led an army, with Zu Dashou as the pioneer, to dispatch and coordinate in Jizhou. Life Fu Xuan company commanders Hou Shilu keep three rivers, Baoding company commanders Liu Ce keep Miyun.
Yuan Chonghuan as the overall deployment, while intercepting 8 jin j south, its measures are:
First, Zunhua intercepted. Because Huang Taiji's army broke through Longjing Pass and Daankou, pointing to Zunhua, an important town in JD.COM, Yuan Chonghuan wanted to stop the army of Houjin here, so he urged Zhao Lvjiao, the company commander of Liao Ping, to lead 4,000 troops to rescue Zunhua. He led the troops to gallop for three days and three nights, traveling 350 miles, and arrived at Santun Camp east of Zunhua. Zhu, the battalion commander of Santun, refused to enter the city, so he had to ride a horse to Zunhua. 1 1 On the fourth day of the month, Zhao Lvjiao led reinforcements to Zunhua City, where he met the Manchu left-wing four banners and Mongolian soldiers under the command of Houjinbei Le Azig, strayed into an ambush, and the arrow fell from his horse, and he died in happeneth, completely annihilated. Zhao Lvjiao's death was a great loss to the Ming army, and Yuan Chonghuan lost his best general and the best opportunity to rescue the capital.
On the same day, 8 jin j attack ZunHua city. Later, Kim advised him to surrender for the first time and was rejected. Wang Yuanya, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, held fast to the city and resisted tenaciously. The next day, Zunhua "should be on fire" and Zunhua fell into the city. Governor Wang Yuanya walked into the yamen and hanged himself. The officers and men, the people and the rebels in the city were slaughtered. Then, after 8 jin j attacked Santun camp east of Zunhua, Zhu Laijun, the deputy company commander, fled. Zhu's company commander posted the names of the escaped generals on the street, and then hanged himself with his wife Zhang. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the Jin army broke the third battalion. The Ming dynasty lost the opportunity to stop the post-Jin army in Zunhua.
Zunhua's fall was reported to the Ming court, which shocked the people and frightened the ruling and opposition parties. When "Jidong County, the wind and cranes are frightened, people have no solid ambition" (Chongzhen Long Edition, Volume 28). Huang taiji ordered 800 soldiers to keep Zunhua. After the pro-unification, 8 Jin Army went south and headed for Beijing, approaching Jizhou. At this time, Yuan Chonghuan personally led 9,000 soldiers and horses, turned sharply south, and carried out his second idea: intercepting the army of Houjin in Jizhou.
Second, Jizhou intercepted. On the fifth day of November, Yuan Chonghuan, led by company commander Zu Dashou and lieutenant He himself, rode his horse into the Shanhaiguan Pass and defended Beijing. At this point, Yuan Chonghuan's three generals, Zu Dashou and He, have been arrested and entered the customs, which shows that Yuan Chonghuan has made up his mind to defend the capital to the death at all costs. On the tenth day, Yuan Jun entered Jizhou. Jizhou is the barrier between Zunhua and Tongzhou, which is about 140 Li away from Tongzhou in the eastern suburb of Beijing. Yuan Jun stopped in Jizhou and said, "If you are strong, you will not advance" (Chongzhen Long Edition, Volume 28). Huang Taiji was defeated by Yuan Chonghuan twice. This time, instead of confronting Yuan Chonghuan's army, he went to Tongzhou from the northeast via Shunyi. So Yuan Chonghuan's plan to intercept Huang Taiji's army in Jizhou fell through again.
Third, Tongzhou intercepted. Tongzhou is only 40 miles from Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan led the troops to Tongzhou urgently, trying to intercept Huang Taiji's army in Tongzhou. On the first day of December, Yuan Chonghuan's army arrived in Hexi. Hexi affairs is between Tianjin and Beijing, about 120 miles away from Beijing. At this time, Huang taiji's army was close to Tongzhou. He guessed Yuan Chonghuan's military intentions and had no intention of fighting Yuan Chonghuan in Tongzhou. Instead, I bypassed Tongzhou via Shunyi and Sanhe and went straight to Beijing. In this way, Yuan Chonghuan's military intention to intercept in Tongzhou failed again.
As can be seen from the above deployment, Yuan Chonghuan's strategic goal at this time is to keep Houjin out of the capital and adjust his troops to defend against the city. Because Yuan Chonghuan has been fighting with the late Jin for many years and knows the advantages of the late Jin cavalry in the field, the Ming army can only win by fighting in the city. Zhao Lvjiao's 4,000 cavalry fought in the plain and were completely annihilated, which is proof.
Although Yuan Chonghuan was determined to "defend the capital and face the enemy", he blocked the Eight Banners Army's way to Beijing. But three interceptions designed by Yuan Chonghuan failed, so the front was pushed to Beijing.
Yuan Chonghuan held a military meeting on Hexi affairs to discuss progress. At the meeting, Zhou Wenyu, the deputy general soldier, said: "Private should be close to the enemy, not enter the capital. And the enemy is in Tongzhou, and I am stationed in Zhangjiawan. I eat western food every fifteen miles. If the enemy is easy, I will fight, and if the enemy is strong, I will occupy. This is also a set of strategies. " (Addendum to Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty) In other words, it is not appropriate to enter Beijing without a clear purpose! Yuan Chonghuan said, "Zhou is right. My brother is afraid of cheating on slaves, like Jizhou, who obviously hides in the dark and doesn't fight with me. If you pass through the capital, you will never meet the enemy's heart. Once shaken, your relations will be unbearable. " "Your father is in a hurry, why do you want a T-shirt (leisure)? If you get help, you will die without regret. " (Zhou Wenyu's "The Story of Bian Shi", Volume 1) After the Hexi Affairs Conference, Yuan Chonghuan led 9000 Ning Guan fighters to travel day and night, with a journey of 120, and took the infernal affairs to rush ahead of Huang Taiji, and arrived outside the Guangqumen in the outer city of Beijing on 19. In fact, when Yuan Chonghuan marched into Jizhou, some officials in the Ming Dynasty said that he was suspected of bringing nomads from Beijing, so Emperor Chongzhen ordered Yuan Chonghuan not to cross Jizhou without his knowledge. Now he leads his troops into Beijing without authorization. So, from the moment he arrived in the capital, Yuan Chonghuan was actually caught between Scylla and Charybdis, but he didn't know it very well, or he didn't pay attention to himself at all.
At the same time, Ming Datong company commanders Mangui and Fu Xuan company commanders Hou Shilu also led troops and camped outside Beijing Deshengmen.
On the 20th of the next day, 1 1 month, the Eight Banners arrived at the gates of Beijing. The Ming Dynasty Beijing Defence War is about to begin.
Yuan Chonghuan led nine thousand cavalry in Ning Guan, and arrived in the capital at the gates before Huang Taiji on November 19th. The next day, the battle to defend the capital began.
The first battle of Jingmen started outside Desheng Gate. The Ming army outside the city is mainly the loyal army of Datong company commander Manchu and the company commander Hou Shilu. In addition, the garrison troops in the city also took part in the battle.
Battle of Deshengmen: 1 1 On October 20th, Huang Taiji personally led Belle Daishan, Bellegy Haralang, Yue Yi, Du Du and Sahalian. And command Manchuria right-wing four banners and right-wing Mongolian soldiers stormed Manchu and Hou Shilu's troops. After that, 8 jin j fired first. After the fire, the Mongolian soldiers and the Red Flag Guard attacked from the west, and the Yellow Flag Guard rushed to kill from the side. After that, the two armies rushed in, fought hard and chased after the city. The Ming army in the city bravely drew a bow and shot at the enemy. Soon, Hou Shilu was defeated, and Manchu led the army to fight alone. The Ming army entered the city and fired a gun to cooperate, but it accidentally injured Manchu officers and soldiers, causing heavy casualties. Man Gui was injured in many places, and took more than 100 defeated soldiers to rest in Guandi Temple outside the city. The next day, the defenders opened the casket of Deshengmen and gave it to the defeated soldiers who had returned home. On the same day of the Battle of Deshengmen, a fierce battle also took place in Guangqumen.
On the day of the Battle of Guangqumen, Mang Kuertai led Manchukuo's left-wing banner and two thousand Mongolian soldiers to attack Yuan Chonghuan's army. At this time, Yuan Chonghuan and Jinzhou company commanders Zu Dashou led nine thousand fighters outside the Shawo gate. In this Guangqumen War, 9,000 Ning Guan fighters fought bloody battles with tens of thousands of Mongolian soldiers of the Eight Banners. From San (then 10) to You (then 18), guns were fired in unison. Fighting for 8 hours, fighting for more than 10. In the battle, an enemy wielded a knife to cut Yuan Chonghuan, and only Yuan got up and took the knife rest, and the blade was folded. Mang Gurtai's arrows rained down, and Yuan Chonghuan was hit by several arrows. His ribs are like hedgehogs, and they can't be penetrated because of his heavy armor. As Yuan Chonghuan fought to the death, Ning Guan's soldiers were hacked and killed, and the Taiwanese army in Manggu was defeated. Yuan Chonghuan will guerrilla forces such as Liu Yingguo, Luo and Qian Zongdou. And catch up with the enemy by the canal. The enemy rushed to cross the river, and countless people were trapped in the ice and drowned. In World War I, Ning Guan fighters killed thousands of enemies, and all three armies of the Qing army, Abatai, Azig and Siegel, were defeated. Guan Ningbing also suffered hundreds of casualties.
After this war, Baylor, Qing soldiers, held a meeting to review. Abatai, the seventh brother of Huang Taiji, wanted to be knighted by military law. Huang Taiji said: "Abatai lost two sons in the war. In order to save his son, he didn't fight as planned, but he was not timid. How can I convict my brother? " I forgave him. It can be seen that the Qing army was defeated in this battle.
1 1 20th, Yuan Chonghuan once again used Ren Shouzhong, the township leader, to dive into Haizi with 500 gunners. He was far away from Huang taiji's barracks and attacked in all directions. Huang taiji's army was in chaos and moved out of Haizi.