Transfer two papers of research scholars to the landlord for reference!
Textual research on the name of Xiamen
Gong Jie
Regarding the name "Xiamen", I had contact when I was working in the office of the Municipal Party Committee from 65438 to 0959, but I didn't get the details. After I went to build the museum from 65438 to 0983, I read a lot of historical materials, consulted many literary and historical workers, scholars and professors, and also consulted Comrade Chen from Quanzhou. Comrade Dong Si thought at that time, "There may be a small village called Xiamen on this island.
1986 or 1987, according to the information I have, wrote a> article and submitted it to the supplement of Xiamen Times, but it was not published because the editor of the supplement changed hands. Immediately introduce it to the factory of construction machinery factory for publication, but there are too many typos to discuss. So I wrote to Comrade Yang Yi, editor-in-chief of>, thanking him for his kindness, and published it in the 4th issue of> 1989. I enclose my article and Comrade Chen's article for study.
Attachment 1:
Xiamen analysis
A century and a half ago, the coastal city of Xiamen opened its doors to the western world, especially Southeast Asia. Now, as a special economic zone of China's reform and opening-up, its history and development prospects have also become an issue of interest to people.
But there are different opinions about the origin of Xiamen. Here, from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the present more than 350 years, I will first make a brief summary of the analysis and affectation of various factions.
( 1)
Judging from the visible historical materials and book argumentation, there are probably four kinds of statements about Xiamen:
1, on village names
Volume 11 of the Ming Wanli "Quanzhou Fuzhi" records: "There are four villages in the southwest: Tongan County, Xiamen, Oushe, Jingshan and Ershidu; Yue Dudong, Yue Xiawei, Yue Liujiao, twenty-three capitals; Yuejing, Yuelongyuan and Twenty-four capitals are all transferred to the left. " The map of Tongan County in front of the volume is also marked with "Xiamen Institute". Qing Qianlong's "Quanzhou Fuzhi" Volume 5 also clearly records that "Twenty-three capitals" and others are Lianban, Haozao and Wucang. Xiamen, Zhongzuosuo, Shipu, Daitou, Lvcuo and other towns and villages ". According to the above records, "Xiamen" was a small village on the southwest coast of Jiahe Island before the Ming Dynasty, and it was also the gateway for ships to berth and people to go in and out. In the early Ming Dynasty, Xiamen was collectively called the whole island.
2. Fortification theory
Wanli's Records of Quanzhou and Daoguang's Records of Xiamen all recorded that "Xiamen City is located in Jiahe Island, which was built by Zhou Dexing, Xiahou and Jiang in the 27th year of Ming Hongwu", and "more than a thousand households were stationed in Yongningwei". This is the usual saying that historians have been using, that is, Zhou De built "Xiamen City", where today's Xiamen is. This statement is scattered in many historical materials and books.
Step 3 talk up and down
1980 the gazetteer of Xiamen compiled by Xiamen Geographical Names Office says: Xiamen is located outside the exit of Jiulong River, which is relatively known as "Xiamen", and "Xiamen" seems to be a homonym of "Xiamen".
4. Portal theory
Xue Qifeng, the author of Jiang Luzhi by Qianlong, and A Yiyou Juren, a Qianlong who lived in Xiamen Island that year, said in Introduction to Jiang Luzhi: "Ludao on Nanhai Island is the gateway to the spring, so it is called the gate." It is also said that "Ludao is surrounded by the sea, which is the throat of Zhang Quan and the gateway of Taiwan Province and Pengzhou". Zhou Kai, the author of Daoguang's Annals of Xiamen and the police inspector of Yonghaifang in Xingquan, Fujian Province, said in the preface: "Xiamen is the gateway to the southeast at the turn of Zhangzhou, the guarantee of ten provinces in Fujian and an important coastal area." By the 1980s, Xiamen had risen from "the gateway to spring", "the gateway to Taiwan Province and Pengzhou" and "the gateway to the southeast" to "the gateway to the motherland" (see page 38 of Xiamen Special Economic Zone).
(2)
The above four statements have their own basis, but which one is more accurate and scientific? I think the theory of village names is more credible. China has always had an unwritten law of fate, that is, it is often named after its location, such as "Huli Industrial Zone" and "Zhugang, the later capital". Xiamen is named because there is a small village "Xiamen" on Jiahe Island, and there is a city wall next to it, so it is named "Xiamen" city. With the passage of time and the development of society, "Xiamen" finally replaced the names of "Jiahe Li" and "Zhongzuosuo" and became famous at home and abroad.
As for which small village is called Xiamen? Because of its relationship with the southwest coast of Jiahe Island, according to the arrangement order of Tongan Li Du in ancient times, the east is the top, the west is the bottom, Xiamen village is in the southwest, and the ancient is the "bottom"; According to the annotation of the word, "summer" is a door, and the big house is also called. "Xia", "Xia" and "Xia" are homophonic and mixed with each other, and finally they are collectively called "Xiamen". The "village name theory" is reasonable because it provides historical data that "Xiamen City" was built in Xiamen Village, hence its name.
Among the other three theories, the theory of building a city makes sense, because it is "Xiamen City" that collectively calls the whole island "Xiamen". But why the city was named "Xiamen" is missing.
As for the "upper and lower theory", its reasons are inevitably far-fetched. Because Xiamen has always been an important military port, seaport and commercial port, it is called the "gateway" with a long history. From today's point of view, it is more contemporary!
Fujian mainland, 4th, August 30th, 1989.
Attachment 2:
About the name of Xiamen
the Chen Dynasty
Xiamen was called Jiahe Island in Song Dynasty, and Suide Township in Tongan County of Quanzhou was called Jiahe City in Song Dynasty. Song Wangxiang's "Ji Sheng in the Ground" said: "Jiaheyu is in the sea of Tongan County, extending for more than a hundred miles, with more than a thousand residents." The capital was changed in Yuan Dynasty, and Jiahe Island in Ming and Qing Dynasties belonged to the 21st to 24th capitals of Tongan County.
In the early Ming Dynasty, due to the need of coastal defense, there were thousands of families in Jiahe Island. Wanli's "Quanzhou Fuzhi" said: "The city was built in Jiahe Island, Tongan, in the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394), Xiahou Zhou Dexing." Therefore, Jiahe Island is called Zhongzuosuo, and the names of military institutions are used instead of place names. Therefore, in the official documents before the Ming Dynasty, Xiamen was not collectively referred to as Jiahe Yu Quan. In the Qing dynasty, the abandoned land was abandoned in the name of Fujian navy prefect in Xiamen and Zuosuo. Qianlong Room and the Annals of the Qing Dynasty contain: "Jiahe Island is located in the Caspian Sea, 60 miles southwest of Tongan County, and is used to producing Jiahe, hence its name. One is Lu Yu and the other is Xiamen. " Describe all the names of Xiamen at that time completely.
When did the name Xiamen appear, and how did it replace the names of Jiahe and Zhongzuo and be collectively referred to as the whole island? I can't seem to tell. Tea Xiamen has five names: Jiahe, Zhongzuosuo, Siming, Lu Yu and Xiamen. Siming Zheng Chenggong was named after Golden Sand Island was not recognized by the Qing government during the anti-Qing period. This article does not discuss. The place names of Xiamen in Ming Dynasty were Jiaheyu and Zhongzuo. In the late Ming Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, it was Jiahe Island. During the period when the Central Left Hospital and the Xiamen Third Hospital were jointly used, there is now a play in the archives of the Forbidden City called "Sue Zheng Civil Affairs", which was made by Fujian Governor Li Lutai on May 20, the first year of Kangxi (1622). In this book, there is an example that the name of Xiamen appeared in the official documents of the Qing Dynasty: "More than 100 ships came to Xiamen from the central left that night in case there were any ships ...". After Kangxi unified Taiwan Province Province, Xiamen was officially named the whole island.
Written in the Records of Quanzhou written by Renzi in Wanli (16 12) of Ming Dynasty, there are the following records: (1) Preface page 6, Tongan County icon has "Xiamen Institute". (2) On the second page of Volume 11, Wu Yue said, "At the beginning of Hong Wu, the Quanzhou Wei was built by the county, with five nearby buildings. Shuiao City is still Ningwei, Xiaodou City is Chongwu, and Xiamen City is center-left. " (3) The thirteenth page of the same volume contains: "There are four villages in Tongan County, with Xiamen, Oushe, Jingshan and Twenty-two capitals in the southwest; Yue Dudong, Yue Xiawei, Yue Liujiao, twenty-three capitals; Yue Inoue, Yue Longyuan and Twenty-four capitals are all transferred to the left. " According to the analysis of these materials, as early as the early Ming Dynasty, there were many small place names on Jiahe Island, among which Xiamen and Du Dong were one. Hongwujianzhong Zuosuo is located near Xiamen. Therefore, "Xiamen is a center-left office", but the center-left office is not equal to Xiamen. According to Wanli's Records of Quanzhou Prefecture, there are 14 villages under the central government's left jurisdiction, and Xiamen is one of them. Ganlong recorded five records of Tongan's twenty-third capital in Quanzhou Fuzhi, with the base addresses of Lianban, Haozao, Wucang, Xiamen, Zhongzuosuo, Shipu, Daitou and Lvcuo. The juxtaposition of Xiamen and Zhongzuosuo proves that they are not the same place. If there are 14 villages under the jurisdiction of thousands of households, then Xiamen residents are different from thousands of households.
I think Xiamen was a town name on the southwest coast of Jiahe Island before the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the natural name of Xiamen and the administrative name obtained from the middle left were gradually mixed because of the nearby city. In the early Qing Dynasty, the name of Zuo Zuo was abolished, and the name of Xiamen was replaced by the unified name of Jiahe Island. This is the process of a small natural village name evolving into a large administrative district name. The southwest of Jiahe Island in Xiamen Village seems to be the place where ships enter and exit, and it is the gateway below Jiahe Island. If Jiahe Island is regarded as a whole building and the village is the entrance of the building, then the elegance of the "Xia" gate or the "Xia" gate will make the meaning of the place name very clear. In a word, Xiamen Village is the maritime gateway of Jiahe Island. Generally speaking, the capitals of Tongan County in the past dynasties are arranged from the east, with the east as the top, the west as the bottom, the north as the top and the south as the bottom. Jiaheli itself is also the 22nd capital of Wutongdu in Northeast China, and Xiamen is the 23rd capital in Southwest China. "Xiamen" is obviously the "next door".
(See Chen, Book I of Xing Yuan Bi Geng Lu, page 311-312. The writer is the director of Quanzhou Cultural Management Association and the president of Quanzhou Historical Society. He died on July 1994 at the age of 7 1. )
(The writer is a consultant of Xiamen Administrative Division and Geographical Names Research Association. )