Insulators can be divided into three categories: gaseous (such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and all non-ionized gases), liquid (such as pure water, oil, coatings and organic acids) and solid (such as glass, ceramics, rubber, paper and aging).
Solid insulators are divided into crystalline and amorphous. The actual insulator is not completely nonconductive. Under the action of strong electric field, the positive and negative charges inside the insulator will break free and become free charges, and the insulation performance will be destroyed. This phenomenon is called dielectric breakdown. The maximum electric field strength that a dielectric material can withstand is called breakdown field strength.
Main applications of glass:
Timely glass, silicate glass, soda-lime glass, fluoride glass, high-temperature glass, high-pressure glass, ultraviolet-proof glass and explosion-proof glass.
Usually refers to silicate glass, which is made of quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone through mixing, high-temperature melting, homogenization, processing and molding, and then annealing. Widely used in construction, daily use, art, medical care, chemistry, electronics, instrumentation, nuclear engineering and other fields.
Extended data:
Insulator principle:
Under the influence of some external conditions, such as heating and high voltage, the insulator will be "broken down" and converted into a conductor. Before decomposition, an insulator is not an absolutely nonconductive object. If a voltage is applied to an insulating material, a weak current will appear in the material.
There are usually only a few free electrons in insulating materials, and the charged particles involved in conduction before breakdown are mainly intrinsic ions and impurity particles dissociated by thermal motion. The electrical properties of insulators are reflected in the processes of conductance, polarization, loss and breakdown.
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