The reading of classical Chinese should first guide students to read aloud: break long sentences into short sentences and read the tones of "Zhi", "Hu", "Zhe" and "Ye" in classical Chinese. Use example reading, guided reading, synchronous reading, separate reading, reading aloud and reciting. Master the sense of language in classical Chinese.
After repeated reading, students have a preliminary perception of classical Chinese; Have an overall and hazy impression of the content expressed in the article; Therefore, classical Chinese has a kind of language aesthetic feeling, which arouses students' interest in learning classical Chinese and naturally feels the different beauty between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. Second, intensive reading of classical Chinese-clear meaning.
Classical Chinese selected from primary school textbooks is easy to understand, but it tells people a profound truth through simple words. Therefore, if students want to understand the truth by themselves, they are also required to read and study the article carefully.
In teaching, we can use the methods of "explanation", "translation" and "comparison" to guide students to understand ancient Chinese and understand its truth. "Interpretation" means to understand the modern meaning of classical Chinese by using the reference books and notes given in the article.
For example, after learning the fable "Spear and Shield", there are comments: praise, sell, son: how about you? For the explanation of key words, students can make clear the meaning of sentences by consulting their notes. "Translation" means translating classical Chinese sentences.
The sixth grade of primary school is the time when students first come into contact with ancient Chinese. When expressing the meaning of ancient Chinese sentences in modern language, the sentence pattern can be flexible, and it is not necessary to insist on the same statement, but the meaning is good. Through the understanding of words and the translation of sentences, students will naturally have the idea of "comparison"
Third, familiar reading, intensive reading, intensive reading-know the truth. On the basis of familiar reading, through intensive reading and intensive research, the profound truth contained in the simple words is obvious.
Take spears and shields for example. Through the first two readings, the students have been able to tell this fable skillfully, and then ask the students to demonstrate it on stage (with a spear and shield of visual AIDS). The ridiculous behavior of people selling spears and shields makes students not only hear the contradiction in language, but also see the ridiculous behavior in action. This will not only enable students to have a profound understanding and personal feelings, but also enable students and authors to achieve emotional * * *. Students naturally understand all the profound truths told by the author.
The connotation of close reading surfaced.
2. Learning methods of classical Chinese learning skills in junior high school [/size][/B] Mastering the correct learning methods and developing good study habits are the only way to succeed in learning. Compared with primary school students, junior high school students' learning styles are more diverse and complicated. The change of learning content requires junior high school students to do: 1, and learn to arrange their own learning time reasonably to avoid being in a hurry.
2. In class, students are required to listen carefully and learn to take notes. 3. With the expansion and deepening of the learning content, students are required to learn to think independently and process the learning materials logically, so that they can learn vividly, remember firmly and use them.
How to adapt to junior high school as soon as possible "I entered the top 30 of the whole grade when I entered school, and fell back to more than 200 when I took the exam. I definitely didn't study hard." A few days ago, after the results of the middle school exam came down, a parent saw that the children in Grade One had a "secret door" and was at a loss. Parents are ashamed and unwilling to attend the parent-teacher conference held at school.
Teacher Yan Guifeng, the teaching director of Shijiazhuang No.1 twenty middle school, said that whether the first semester of senior one can adapt to the new learning environment as soon as possible plays a very important role in the whole middle school learning. The decline in the test scores of junior one students is largely due to the fact that they have not adapted to junior high school learning. It is meaningless for parents to complain and scold, and they should actively help their children adapt to the new learning environment as soon as possible. In the first semester of junior one, parents should cooperate with their children to realize three changes: 1, the change of learning style.
In primary school, students study relatively few subjects, so they can finish their homework on time. Take Chinese as an example, as long as the knowledge in the textbook is basically mastered, the exam will not be a problem. However, in junior high school, the curriculum is increased, the examination questions are more flexible, and flexible learning is emphasized. Students must change their past practice of completing homework and actively review what they learned that day. In addition to the homework left by the teacher, we should do more reference materials to deepen our understanding and broaden our horizons. 2. Changes in living habits.
Middle school curriculum is tight and contains a lot of content, so students must live regularly and nervously, make a schedule that suits them and consciously abide by it to ensure the regularity of work and rest. 3. Watch TV changes.
Some parents forbid their children to watch TV. In fact, if you look through some high school and senior high school entrance examination questions, you will find that some of them have a lot to do with TV. For example, one of the questions in the college entrance examination in Shanghai in recent years is to ask candidates to recommend a movie (TV series or opera). Therefore, students should use TV as a learning tool and watch TV purposefully and consciously. They shouldn't watch TV for an hour or two, or watch some series all the time. They should choose a positive and enlightening film and television drama related to learning. The academic performance of the three learning methods often depends on whether you have good study habits, especially thinking habits.
First, always stand at the height of the system to grasp knowledge. Many students are used to studying with their teachers section by section and chapter by chapter. They don't quite understand the relationship between the chapters of the subject and the overall system. They only see trees, not forests. With the passage of time and the increase of knowledge, you will feel that the content is complicated, the clues are unclear and the memory burden is aggravated.
In fact, any subject has its own knowledge structure system. Before learning a subject, we must first understand the system, grasp the knowledge as a whole, and learn the position of each part in the whole system, which often makes the knowledge easier to master. Second, trace back to the source and seek the internal relationship between things. Rote memorization is the most taboo, especially in science. It is more important to find out the truth. Therefore, no matter what you learn, you should ask why. The knowledge you learn in this way seems to be active, like Kinomoto.
Even if you ask questions beyond the scope of middle school knowledge, even the teacher can't answer them, but it doesn't matter. It is important to have a thirst for knowledge and curiosity about everything, which is often an important way to cultivate our interest in learning. What's more important is to develop this kind of thinking habit, which is conducive to the training of thinking quality. Third, divergent thinking, develop the habit of associative thinking. In learning, we should always pay attention to the relationship between old and new knowledge, between disciplines, and between what we have learned and real life. Don't look at knowledge in isolation, but cultivate the habit of thinking from multiple angles and consciously train the fluency, flexibility and originality of thinking. Persistence for a long time will inevitably promote the development of intellectual quality.
Knowledge learning is mainly realized through thinking activities, and the core of learning is the core of thinking. It is important to master knowledge, but it is more important to improve intellectual quality through knowledge learning, which will make knowledge learning easier. So the three study habits mentioned above are essentially three thinking habits.
The focus of learning is to learn how to think. There are three learning realms. First, when it comes to studying hard, the first layer talks about "hanging your head and tying your legs" and "one strength, one strength, one strength".
Students at this level find learning boring. For them, learning is a forced behavior, and they can't appreciate the fun of learning. In the long run, it will inevitably produce fear of learning and breed weariness of learning. As a result, learning has become a chore for them.
Second, the second level is to learn the so-called "those who know are not as good as those who know". Students who reach this level, their interest in learning plays a great role in promoting their study. Hungry for learning, often to the point of forgetting to eat and sleep.
They don't need to be forced by others in their studies, and their conscious attitude can often make them get good grades, which in turn makes them more interested in learning and forms a virtuous circle in their studies. Third, the third layer is that learning itself is also a science, and there are scientific methods and laws to follow.
If you learn correctly, your learning efficiency will be high, your learning will be easy, your thinking will become flexible and fluent, and you can control your knowledge well. Really become the master of knowledge.
At present, in the study of middle school students, the first level is the majority, the second level is the minority, and the third level is even less. We should be clear that an important goal of learning is to learn to learn, which is also the requirement of the development of modern society.
2 1 century illiterates will be those who can't learn. Therefore, students should pursue a higher learning realm in their study, make learning a pleasant thing, and learn all classes easily.
3. How can primary school students quickly improve their reading ability in classical Chinese? 1. Read through the text and read from enlightenment.
Second, draw the rhythm and have a preliminary understanding.
Third, compare notes and explain sentences.
Fourth, communicate with each other and deepen the theme.
Reading methods of classical Chinese in primary schools;
First, read through the text and read from enlightenment.
As the saying goes: "Read a book a hundred times, and you will know its meaning." Therefore, for students who are not familiar with classical Chinese, before learning the text, I read the text first and then, so that students can accurately read the pronunciation, know how to pause and read the tone of the sentence. Then, I asked the students to read classical Chinese initially, and the students practiced reading sentences fluently by themselves. Find out the new words and phrases in the reading process, get a preliminary understanding of the contents of classical Chinese in the reading process, and talk about my own experience and the significance of since the enlightenment. In this way, students have a general knowledge and understanding of the content of classical Chinese, which not only cultivates students' ability to read the text aloud, but also has a preliminary perceptual knowledge of the article, laying a certain knowledge foundation for understanding classical Chinese.
Second, draw the rhythm and have a preliminary understanding.
Classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese are quite different in language and narration. To understand the meaning of classical Chinese, we must master its internal rhythm. Only by drawing the correct rhythm can we accurately understand the content of classical Chinese. Therefore, on the basis of students reading through the text, I ask students to try to draw the rhythm of reading aloud and understand the content of the article initially. For example, the correct rhythm of the sentence "Think with your bow, shoot it" should be "Think with your bow, shoot it", so the meaning of this sentence is to shoot it with your bow and arrow, and the meaning is obvious. However, some students divide the rhythm into "want to ask for help/bow down for help/shoot for help", which is ambiguous and difficult to understand. If students can't draw the rhythm of reading correctly, teachers should give guidance and help so that students can master the drawing method of classical Chinese rhythm.
Third, compare notes and explain sentences.
After students understand the content of classical Chinese, I ask them to compare the notes in the text, try to figure out the meaning of the sentence and explain the sentence independently. Because the meanings of most difficult words are in the notes after class. In this way, most students can say the meaning of a sentence fluently. Teachers should emphasize that the meaning of a sentence in classical Chinese can be expressed in modern language, and the meaning of the sentence can be flexible, so the meaning is good without insisting on consistency. Teachers should help or let students help individual students with difficulties. If students can't understand individual difficult sentences independently, teachers should focus on guiding or solving them in group discussion and communication.
Fourth, communicate with each other and deepen the theme.
In order to let students really understand classical Chinese and deeply understand the theme of the article, I ask students to communicate and explain the text freely in groups or at the same table, and tell each other the meaning of the text, help each other and complement each other, so as to improve * * *, especially to discuss and understand some difficult sentences. Teachers let students speak freely, encourage students to speak boldly, put forward sentences that are difficult to understand or explain, and exchange questions with the whole class. The teacher focuses on guiding the understanding of difficult sentences. For example, "My shield is so strong that I can't get stuck in anything." "The benefits of my spear are all trapped in things." "How about a child's spear and a trap shield?" We should focus on guiding students to understand the meaning of the word "zhi". Then on the basis of discussion, understand the theme of the article, and the teacher will give appropriate guidance. In this way, students not only understand the content of the article, but also understand the theme of the article and understand the truth or significance contained in the article.
4. What are the methods and skills to do junior high school Chinese reading questions? 1. Mastering the reading process by using information as a whole is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured.
When doing the topic, you can first look at the author, writing time and comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic. If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative essay, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements.
Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem. Second, determine the outline of the area. Reading a long paragraph mainly uses intensive reading, which needs to be scrutinized word by word. Therefore, in the usual practice, we should cultivate the habit of multi-outlining and multi-marking. We can first look at which paragraphs or fields the topic involves and which sentences are related.
After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas. With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability.
When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time. Third, pay attention to the original text. Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely.
Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article.
Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese.
When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Taoist and rational.
Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context.
This request has the following aspects: polysemy. This is very common in classical Chinese.
Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; Adhere to the policy, face the policy, policy, whip. In modern Chinese, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable.
For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" is to be polite and to teach (me). It has different meanings in different language environments.
In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable". As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment.
If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought.
Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
What's more, most of today's selections are literary and artistic. They either pay attention to speculation, enlighten students' wisdom, show new scientific and technological features, broaden students' horizons, or combine reason with emotion to guide students to form a correct aesthetic outlook and outlook on life. Some of them also represent new cultural concepts. These materials are unfamiliar to most students, so it is essential to guide students to browse, read and read materials. Browse, that is, guide students to learn to read all written materials including topics and test questions quickly.
Through browsing, you can get a general understanding of the material content and proposition direction, and form a preliminary impression. Close reading, that is, on the basis of browsing, let students read the selected article carefully with questions, and have a deep understanding of the idea, writing ideas, expression methods and skills of the article, so as to make the focus clear and the mind comprehensive.
Reading requires students to have a preliminary understanding of the material. First, they should focus on reading the stem of the test questions and try to figure out the intention of the questioner. Then, they should read the selected articles on the basis of some thinking, and at the same time, they should focus on reading those questions that require higher answers. Second, grasping the stylistic features of reading is the premise of answering questions. To do a good job in answering questions, if you just read the selected articles without a certain amount of knowledge accumulation and master some basic skills, you may not be able to start.
The characteristics of various styles are knowledge that must be mastered. Because many reading materials generally have obvious stylistic features, only by mastering the basic knowledge of various styles can it be easy to "get on the right track" when answering questions.
For example, narrative often involves six elements of narrative, such as narrative clues, narrative methods and expressions. Explanatory articles often test the way of explanation, the order of explanation, the object and characteristics of explanation, and the method of explanation. Argumentative writing focuses on the three elements of argumentative writing, namely, arguments, types of arguments and argumentation methods. These are all related to the basic concepts of the corresponding style, with * * * content.
If the students have a clear understanding of the stylistic types and basic concepts of the selected composition, they will not be arrogant when answering questions, so that the basic marks will not be lost. Third, accurately grasp the materials. Every selected article is flesh and blood.
But in the process of reading, if you can't grasp the main content or theme quickly and be covered by some specific trivial materials, the answer will be thankless. How to quickly grasp the backbone and spirit of the article?