Li Shangyin, male, Han nationality, also known as Li Yishan, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. A native of Huaihe River [1] (now Qinyang, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province) and Xingyang, Henan Province (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou). Poetry is of great literary value. She entered Tang Wenzong for three years (AD 838). He used to be a judge in Hongnongwei, Sasaki Prefecture and Dongchuan Province. In his early days, Li Shangyin won the appreciation of Ling Huchu, an important member of the Niu Party, for his literary talent. Later, Wang Maoyuan of the Li Party married his daughter because of his love, so he was rejected by the Niu Party. Since then, Li Shangyin struggled for survival in the struggle between the two parties, worked as an aide in various provinces, and was depressed, and then he was down and out all his life. Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty tends to be worse than before, while Li Shangyin pushed Tang poetry to another peak. Du Mu was the most famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and they were also called "Little Du Li". Li Shangyin, Li He and Li Bai are also called "Li San". There are poems by Li Yishan. Together with Wen, they are called "arts and sciences", because their poems and essays are similar to those of the same period, and all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, so they are also called "thirty-six styles". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems and untitled poems, which are lingering and memorable. However, some poems are too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. Finally, he died of depression, [2] and was buried in Xingyang, Zhengzhou (now Alfalfa Village in Xingyang). According to the New Tang Book, there are 20 volumes of Fan Nanjia Collection, 20 volumes of Fan Nanyi Collection, 3 volumes of Yu Xisheng's Poems, Fu 1 volume, Wen 1 volume, and some works have been lost.
Come from a family background
Li Shangyin once claimed to belong to the same clan as the royal family in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Caitian's textual research confirmed that he was a distant imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. [3] But there is no official document to prove it, so it can be considered that this blood relationship between Li Shangyin and the royal family in the Tang Dynasty is quite far away. Li Shangyin affirmed his imperial clan status several times in his poems, but this did not bring him any practical benefits. Li Shangyin's family can be traced back to his great-grandfather Li She. The highest administrative post that Li She once held was Meiyuan County Order; Great-great-grandfather Li Shuheng (uncle) is an Anyang county commandant. Grandfather Li Biao, a former Xingzhou document, joined the army; His father, Reese, was once an imperial adviser in the temple. When Li Shangyin was born, Li Siren was ordered by Jia County. (now Huojia County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province)
Birth and death year test
Shang Yin was born in the eighth year of Feng Haoyuanhe (8 13) and the seventh year of Zhang Caitian Yuanhe (8 12). This is commonly used by scholars today. Most scholars agree with what Feng Hao said, the most important of which is what he said in the anthology Book of Last Week: "Your Excellency Zhong Cheng: The rest of my life will be 25 years." Inscription: "In December of the first year of Kaicheng, Ji took Cui Guicong, a calligrapher from China, as the guardian of Huazhou, and was also an imperial historian." The book was written in the early spring of the second year of Kaicheng (837), and the poet was twenty-five years old. Based on this, Shang Yin was born in Yuanhe eight years. As for the year of death, it is especially necessary to distinguish the whereabouts and creation of poets in their later years.
Early life
Around 10, Li Shangyin's father died in the shogunate of Zhejiang, and he returned to his hometown in Henan with his mother and younger siblings, living in poverty and relying on relatives for help. At home, Li Shangyin is the eldest son, so he also bears the responsibility of supporting the portal. Later, he mentioned in his article that he was a "bookseller" when he was young, that is, copying books for others to earn money to supplement his family. Li Shangyin's poor life in his early years had a great influence on the formation of his character and thoughts. On the one hand, he longed for an early Li Shangyin.
Be an official and honor your ancestors with honor. As a matter of fact, he did try to shoulder the responsibilities of the family. As an adult, Li Shangyin used the time of his mother's death to move the coffins of relatives buried in various places to Xingyang. Chen Yizhen [4] thinks that this is not only dominated by male chauvinism, but also because of loneliness and poverty since childhood, so he pays more attention to the love of flesh and blood. On the other hand, his early experience made him develop a melancholy, sensitive and lofty character, which was not only reflected in his poems, but also in his tortuous life. Li Shangyin's enlightenment education may come from his father, and the teacher who had the greatest influence on him was an uncle of the same clan he met after returning home. The uncle went to imperial academy, but he never became an official and lived in seclusion. According to Li Shangyin's memory, this uncle was very accomplished in Confucian classics, primary school, ancient prose and calligraphy, and was highly valued by Li Shangyin. Influenced by him, Li Shangyin "can write ancient prose, but he doesn't like accidentally". At about the age of 16, he wrote two excellent articles (the theory of genius and the theory of holiness, which no longer exist), and won the appreciation of some scholars. Among these scholars, Tian Pingjun was the envoy of Linghu Chu. Linghu Chu is another important figure in Li Shangyin's study career. He is an expert in parallel prose and appreciates Li Shangyin's talent very much. Not only taught him the writing skills of parallel prose, but also subsidized his family life and encouraged him to make friends with his children. With the help of Ling Huchu, Li Shangyin's parallel prose writing has made rapid progress, from which he gained great confidence, hoping to develop his career with this ability. During this period (in the fourth year of Daiwa, AD 830), Li Shangyin's gratitude and self-satisfaction to Ling Huchu were beyond words: "There was never the slightest kindness, so I gave Long Tao an empty pen and inkstone. Since I deliver books in the middle of the night, I don't envy Wang Xiang for having a sword. "
fastrack
In the Tang Dynasty, intellectuals who lacked family background all wanted to develop in their official career. There are two main entrances: imperial examination and the portrait of shogunate Li Shangyin.
. The former is considered as the qualification to enter the officialdom and the official recognition of its administrative ability; The latter is a political team cultivated by some powerful bureaucrats themselves. If they perform well, they can often become official officials of the court through the recommendation of these bureaucrats. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, many officials not only had the qualification to take the imperial examination, but also had the experience of being aides. In the second year of Wenzong (837), Li Shangyin passed the qualification of Jinshi. He has failed many times before this. It is difficult to verify the year when Li Shangyin first applied for the World Heritage. Some people think that even before 10, that is, in the second year of Emperor Wenzong Taihe (828), Li Shangyin began his long and arduous road of applying for the World Heritage [5]. Like most candidates who lack power background, Li Shangyin does not expect to succeed in one fell swoop. There is no mention of this situation in his poems handed down at present, which shows that he is not very concerned about the failure of the first test. But as the number of failures increased, he gradually became dissatisfied. In the poem "Seeing Weng Dongchuan off to the curtain of Hongnong Shangshu", he compared the examiner who didn't accept him (the seventh year of Taihe) to a villain who hindered his success: "The birds don't cherish each other." The failure of English drama will not make Li Shangyin reflect on his lack of knowledge. As early as four years in Taihe, Ling Hu Mao, who had studied with him, was admitted to Jinshi. This is obviously not because Hu Ling Mao's academic talent is better than Li Shangyin's, but because of his father's influence. Powerful people helped each other and recruited a large number of candidates from the upper-level network, which was a common phenomenon in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. Many candidates who lack backers will deliberately make friends before the exam, or try to attract the attention of examiners and celebrities. According to Li Shangyin's account, he is relatively low-key in this respect (with Tao Jinshi), but it is unlikely that he has never placed hope on Ling Huchu. It can be seen from Li Shangyin's letter to Hu Ling Mao in the first year of Kaesong that his mood has been quite excited. His two-year bid was the result of the influence of Hu Ling and his son on the examiner on duty. [6]
Step into official career
At the end of that year (AD 837, the second year of his official career), Li Shangyin passed away. Shortly after attending Linghu Chu's funeral, Li Shangyin went to Jingzhou (now the northern part of Jingxian County, Gansu Province) to be Wang's attendant at the invitation of Wang Maoyuan, our ambassador to Jingyuan. Wang Maoyuan admired Li Shangyin's talent so much that he even married his daughter. From Li Shangyin's later experience, it can be seen that this marriage dragged him into the political whirlpool of the struggle between Niu and Li.