Only a few treatments can kill grape nodule aphids. Once introduced, the best protection is to use drug-resistant rootstocks, which can resist the harm of nodule aphids, such as 3309 or SO4. After the affected vines were pulled out, fumigants such as methyl bromide have been used, but now the law does not always allow the use of fumigants, so it cannot be taken lightly, because it is extremely destructive to all soil life. When the vineyard is replanted, once the root knot nematode is found, the effective way to protect the vineyard for a long time is to use disease-resistant rootstocks.
European grape moth has been a problem for European growers for centuries, but it is a newly discovered threat to the new world. Moths have three mating flights each season, during which they lay eggs on the vines. Symptoms of infection include webbed and orange-headed larvae in the population. The third stage is usually the most destructive stage to the vineyard, because the larvae will pierce the softened fruit and eat it. This makes grapes prone to secondary diseases, such as botrytis cinerea, which will lead to color instability of wine and acetic acid bacteria, thus increasing the volatile acidity in the pre-fermentation process of fruits.
There are several different treatments for European grape moth. European vineyards use pheromone capsules to interfere with moth mating. However, the newly affected Chile and California have made radical plans to completely eliminate moths. California's five-year plan from 20 10 includes state-wide joint spraying of pesticides Intrepid, Altecor, Movento and pheromone spray. According to Greg of the Napa Valley Chronicle? Clark said that no moths were caught in 20 14 and 20 15. What is this? One of the most successful efforts to eliminate agricultural pests in California history? . This shows that positive progress has been made in the struggle to eradicate the European grape moth in the New World.
At the same time, bordeaux wine itself is also dealing with a kind of wine called? Grapes fade green? Crisis. Originally discovered in the famous Medoc producing area, this is a bacterial preparation called Candida albicans vitiligo, which caused problems due to the Titan leafhopper imported from North America. The initial symptoms of the disease are growth retardation, yellowing of leaves, blackening of pustules and lignification inhibition. In the second season, these symptoms are more obvious, and will make the grape clusters wither, and then the grape plants will decline rapidly. If it is not eliminated quickly, the disease may be as destructive to Bordeaux as the root nodule aphid, because it can kill grapes within three years after infection.
The most effective way to control chlorosis is to control the spread of vectors. At present, pheromone capsules can be used to disrupt the mating of leafhoppers and quickly remove any vines, indicating that infected plants can help reduce the source plants. For grape varieties, once they are systematically spread in grapes, they cannot be cured. The best protection measure is to quickly remove infected substances and prevent infected grapes or leafhoppers from being imported from epidemic areas. Bordeaux producers and growers are working closely together to solve this problem immediately, because the disease can be catastrophic.
At present, another problematic disease affecting Europe is Esca mycosis. This disease is considered to be caused by some major diseases, which lead to slow growth of grapes, discoloration of leaves and fruits, decline in yield, destruction of photosynthesis and, more seriously, death of the whole vine. Its most famous is the pattern of spot necrosis on the leaves of the affected vines. Italy has experienced a particularly difficult period in the case of widespread infection. Esca is not always catastrophic, and its severity varies from region to region. In dealing with this disease, growers will find it difficult to maintain a profitable yield.