(National Geological Archives, Beijing 100037)
With the rapid development of economy and society, the transformation of government functions and the establishment of service-oriented government, greater, newer and higher requirements are put forward for the public service of geological data. At present, China's geological data service has a certain foundation for data collection, and the role of digital data service is increasingly obvious, but there are also a series of problems such as data sharing and imperfect service system. It is urgent to make overall planning, improve the geological data information service system, establish the concept of "great service", give full play to the leading and core role of the national geological survey institutions, promote the implementation of the "geological data development and utilization project" and accelerate the construction of the national geological data center.
Geological data; public services
1 The rapid economic and social development has put forward greater, newer and higher requirements for the public service of geological data.
There is an increasing demand for 1. 1 geological data.
The rapid development of economy and society has put forward a strong demand for geological work; Geological data, as an important embodiment of geological work achievements and the main carrier of geological work services, naturally become the object of this demand. Since the beginning of 2 1 century, the world geological prospecting has gradually resumed, especially since 2003, with the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization in developing countries, the demand for mineral resources and engineering construction has greatly increased, and the demand for related geological work has been rising. According to statistics, since 2003, the global investment in non-fuel solid mineral exploration has increased by about 30% annually, reaching $654.38+0.05 billion in 2007. In China, since the promulgation of Regulations on Geological Data Management (the State Council Order [2002] No.349), especially the promulgation of the State Council's Decision on Strengthening Geological Work (Guo Fa [2006] No.4), the investment in geological work has greatly increased, from 22.2 billion yuan in 2002 to 62 billion yuan in 2007, which has tripled in six years. Figure 1).
Table12001~ Chinese and foreign geological exploration investment in 2007
Note: World data are input of non-fuel solid mineral exploration by MEG (Canada Metal Economic Group); The data of China are non-oil and gas exploration inputs provided by comprehensive statistics of land and resources.
Figure 1 2006 5438+0 Changes of solid mineral exploration investment at home and abroad from 2007 to 2007
In 2007, both China and foreign countries invested more than $10 billion in solid mineral exploration.
At the same time, the amount of data stored in geological exploration and the service of geological data have also increased rapidly. Taking the National Geological Archives as an example, the annual receiving volume of geological data increased from 1003 in 2006 to 6 153 in 2005, an increase of more than five times. The total service volume increased from 768 person-times in 200 1 year to 59692 person-times in 2007, an increase of more than 76 times; The number of loans increased from 200 1 in 2093 to 20 190 in 2007, an increase of more than 8.65 times (Figure 2).
Fig. 2 Changes of geological data service
1.2 building a service-oriented government urgently requires further strengthening the public service of geological data.
With the gradual improvement of China's socialist market economic system, the main functions of the government pay more attention to social management and public services while regulating economic operation and market supervision.
Public service refers to the products and services provided by the government to meet the public demand. According to the main nature and function of public service, it can be divided into three areas: maintenance public service, economic public service and social public service. Geological work is the basic and leading work of economic and social development, and it is the resource, engineering and environmental basis of national economic construction and social development. The main service subject of its achievements belongs to the government's public service, which is reflected in the three major areas of public service to varying degrees (Table 2). Therefore, we must give full play to the main carrier role of geological data in serving the society, and take the development, utilization and service of geological data as the starting point and the end result.
1.3 The development and utilization system of geological data has been gradually strengthened.
Since the beginning of 2 1 century, China's geological data correlation system has changed from focusing on collection and storage in the past to focusing on development and utilization at present. The Regulations on Geological Data Management promulgated in 2002 established three basic systems, namely, unified exchange, public use and rights protection, which raised the public use and service of geological data to the requirements of the system level. The State Council's Decision on Strengthening Geological Work issued in 2006 clearly puts forward that "promoting the development and utilization of geological data" is one of the six major tasks of China's geological work in the new period (Table 3).
Table 2 Correspondence between public service and geological work
Table 3 Development stages of geological data management system
2. Geological data public service has a certain foundation, but it still faces many problems and challenges.
2. 1 Geological data public service has a certain foundation.
2. 1. 1 Geological data is of great value and rich collection.
Geological data has high formation cost, wide application range and great potential for economic and social benefits. Since the founding of New China 59 years ago, China has invested a total of 5 billion yuan/kloc-0.3 billion yuan in geological exploration, forming a large number of geological data. The development and utilization of rich geological data have made important contributions to national economic and social development. According to the research of USGS, the value of geological map is 25 ~ 36 times of the cost of surveying and mapping, even if calculated according to the minimum value. In recent years, by redeveloping and utilizing more than 65,438,000 drilling data, the Annual Petroleum Administration Bureau has expanded the oil reserves by 200 million tons and saved the exploration cost by 3 billion yuan for the country. By the end of 2007, China's national and provincial geological data collection agencies had collected more than 200,000 geological data. Among them, there are nearly 1 10000 species in the national geological archives, which are related to the relevant achievements of China's geological work since the recent 1 century (Table 4).
Table 4 Achievements of Geological Data Collected by National Geological Archives
2. 1.2 Digital geological data service is playing an increasingly prominent role.
With the development of modern information technology, the expression form of geological data is changing from traditional paper to paper-based and audio-visual electromagnetic media. At present, with the increase of electronic documents of geological data and the steady progress of digitalization of existing graphic geological data, the data volume of geological data in the collection has greatly increased. The data collected by the National Geological Archives alone has reached 26TB (including backup data), and it is growing at a rate of more than 2 TB every year; There are 22,000 kinds of digitized geological data, and nearly 20 kinds of important national basic geoscience databases have been built (Table 5), which has become a more convenient and quick condition for promoting the public service of geological data.
With the increase of digital data, the service mode of geological data is undergoing profound changes. In 2007, the National Geological Archives received nearly 60,000 readers, as well as readers received by telephone, e-mail and website, which was nearly 1 times higher than that in 2006. Among them, the number of website visits reached 50,000, accounting for more than 80%, and the electronic data service increased by 3-5 times compared with the same period of last year (tables 6 and 7). The important role of digital graphic geological data in service work has gradually become prominent. In 2006, the copy volume of digital graphic materials was close to that of paper materials; In 2007, digital materials only accounted for 20% of the collection, but the number of copies was nearly twice that of paper materials. Digital graphic geological data also provides the basis for online service. At present, there are more than 5,000 kinds of graphic geological data in * * *, and the full-text online browsing and downloading service has been realized, with a total of 37,000 people browsing and downloading in February 2006-2007. At the China Mining Congress held in 2007,1:200,000,1:250,000 and1:500,000 national geological map spatial databases and regional geochemical databases were also fully open to the whole society.
Table 5 Main databases collected by National Geological Archives
The service methods of geological data are also increasingly diversified. On the basis of traditional window lending service and online catalog retrieval service, the National Geological Archives has also launched online browsing and downloading service and product mailing service in recent years, and signed long-term service agreements with some customers. In 2008, it issued a lending card and provided voucher service (Table 7).
Table 6 Changes of service structure of national geological archives in recent two years
Table 7 Changes in service modes of National Geological Archives in recent years
At present, although the geological data service has a certain foundation, compared with the increasingly vigorous and diversified geological data service demand (Table 8), there are still many unsuitable aspects (Figure 3).
Table 8 Statistics on the Service Methods Respondents Want (2007)
Figure 3 Problems in Geological Data Service
2.2 Problems and challenges faced by geological data public service
2.2. 1 The service organization management system is not perfect.
Some geological data management institutions and collection institutions are not perfect and the management system is not smooth. According to the Regulations on Geological Data Management, the current geological data management and service institutions in China are mainly the central (national) and provincial systems, which have not been well integrated into the four-level management system of land and resources; The management of physical geological data and original geological data is weak, which fails to realize integrated management with the results geological data in the organization; Geological data management and modern information technology management are not connected enough.
2.2.2 The service standard policy system is not perfect.
The imperfection of service system and technical standards is an important factor affecting service level and scale. China's current policies and regulations on confidentiality and protection are extremely incompatible with the requirements of strengthening services, especially the confidentiality policy of geographical elements, which leads to a large number of geological achievements with surveying and mapping geographical elements that cannot be publicly obtained. According to the current secrecy system, after the classification and cleaning of geological data are completed nationwide, the scope of public use of geological data in many places may be further reduced; The original geological data and physical geological data lack specific and operable management and service methods; The service mode of geological data is not perfect, the product price mechanism is not perfect, and the service charges are not uniform; The mechanism of data information exchange and service, cooperation and sharing has not yet been established; The technical standards related to processing and R&D are lacking and not matched; The management of data resources is scattered, the barriers are serious, and the problems such as "information island" and "data chimney" are very prominent; The management and service methods of database, software project results and project stage results exchange need to be formulated or improved urgently.
2.2.3 The service foundation support system is weak.
At present, the geological data system is quite weak in both management departments and collection institutions, which can not meet the needs of strengthening services. Take the US National Geological Survey as an example. Only 600 employees of the US Geological Survey (USGS) are engaged in data processing and information dissemination in the Earth Resources and Science Data Center (EROS). The British Geological Survey * * * has 800 employees and 500 professional technicians, of whom 100 are engaged in data information work; It accounts for 6.5% and 12.5% of the total number of geological survey teams in the United States and Britain respectively. There are about 100 people in China Geological Survey (CGS) who specialize in information work, accounting for only 1.5% of the total team. In contrast, the gap between us is huge. There is also a serious shortage of personnel specialized in data services in provincial collection institutions, and the personnel structure needs to be optimized urgently.
Data companies are short of daily business funds, the infrastructure guarantee system is backward, and there is no storage and service base that meets the requirements of modern services; Storage, processing and other necessary public service equipment. It is out of date and insufficient. Although service has become an important duty and task of national geological survey institutions, there is still a considerable gap with foreign countries in terms of funds, equipment, infrastructure and other guarantees. In the 5th Five-Year Plan (2002-2007) of the Indian Geological Survey, information dissemination funds accounted for 1 1.82% of its total expenditure, while China only accounted for about 3%.
2.2.4 The quantity and quality of service data sources cannot meet the needs.
Compared with the exuberant service demand, there is a phenomenon of "less new materials, less electronic documents and less high-quality materials". The management of important original geological data and physical geological data needs to be strengthened urgently, and the service of collection institutions sometimes appears the embarrassing situation of "cooking without rice". The construction of graphic geological data database is slow: by the end of 2007, the national average level was only about 30%, and the National Geological Archives only completed 22,000 copies, accounting for about 20% of all collected data. The construction of spatial databases of1:50,000 and1:250,000 digital geological maps needs to be accelerated. The medium and large-scale ground geophysical and geochemical remote sensing database urgently needed by mining industry and the series database of oil and gas resources urgently needed by the country have not yet started work. Lack of data products to meet the needs of the government and the public. The deep processing and development of data have not yet started.
2.2.5 Service concept, methods and means are backward.
The traditional thought of "emphasizing collection, neglecting utilization, emphasizing preservation and neglecting development" still exists to varying degrees. There is not enough publicity on the result service, and the mechanisms such as customer demand survey, customer service plan and service feedback are not perfect. There is no classified management and service system for products and users. Narrow service area and strong professional service; Government services and social public services are weak. Lack of modern marketing mode, single product service mode, backward service mode and technical means. The information and quality of network services are low. From 200 1 to 2005, the number of visits to the websites of China-US Geological Survey is about 600 times that of CGS in the same period.
Fig. 4 Thoughts on the Construction of Geological Data Information Sharing Service System
3. Improve the service system and promote the sharing and service of geological data and information.
3. 1 Overall planning with clear thinking.
Further clarify the construction idea of geological data information sharing service system: aiming at improving the development, utilization and service level of geological data, based on the cleaning and integration of massive geological data resources and resource construction, taking modern information technology as a means, taking the construction of organization, policy and standard system as a guarantee, taking the "geological data development and utilization project" as an opportunity and taking the construction of "National Geological Data Center" as a platform. Gradually establish and improve the geological data information sharing and service system (Figure 4 and Figure 5), set up a high-quality service team, further increase service efforts, expand service areas, and meet the needs of economic and social development for geological data to the greatest extent.
The generalized geological data service system includes three systems: geological data organization and management system, technical standard policy system and basic support system. At present, it is necessary to further strengthen the construction of geological data organization and management system, technical standard policy system and basic support system, and establish a modern geological data information sharing and socialized service system that meets the requirements of economic and social development.
Fig. 5 Block diagram of geological data information sharing service system
3. 1. 1 Strengthening the organizational management system
Strengthen the organizational construction and service capacity building of national and provincial geological data exchange institutions. Straighten out the management system of geological data collection institutions and clarify their status as public welfare service units; Strengthen the integration of traditional geological data collection institutions and modern information institutions, and promote the integration of geological data, physical geological data and original geological data services; Enrich the professional technical force and information technology force of geoscience, actively cultivate comprehensive service-oriented talents, further optimize the talent structure and improve the service quality.
Revise the Regulations on Geological Data Management, build a four-level geological data management and service system at the central, provincial (city, autonomous region), prefectural (city) and county (city) levels, clarify the responsibilities and tasks of management and service at all levels, effectively incorporate geological data management and service into the land and resources management system, and strengthen the management and service responsibilities of grassroots units for important physical data, original data and engineering exploration data.
3. 1.2 Improve technical standards, policies and systems.
As soon as possible to study and introduce important original geological data and physical geological data collection management and service methods; Improve the service mode of geological data; Establish product price mechanism, data exchange and cooperation benefit sharing mechanism; Revise the policies and regulations on the confidentiality and protection of geological data; Unified research and formulation of technical standards for data processing, standardizing resource construction, operation management, maintenance and update, research and application and service system; Establish a mutual linkage and restriction mechanism between data exchange and project management, and introduce exchange management and service methods for database, software project results and phased results; Establish a practical and efficient geological data collection, processing, processing and storage mechanism, and improve the national geological data resources construction and storage management policy.
3. 1.3 Compacting foundation support system
Further increase the investment in daily basic business of geological data, improve the storage and service environment, and increase and update storage, processing and service equipment. Accelerate the construction of geological data resources according to the principle of "unifying standards, highlighting key points and giving priority to urgent needs"; Increase the digitalization of graphic geological data; Strengthen the construction of environmental information service system for global mineral resources exploration and development investment; Speed up the digitalization process; Accelerate the construction of1:50,000 and1:250,000 geological map databases; Construction of borehole geological database, physical geological data image database, marine basic geological survey and marine mineral resources survey database and remote sensing image database will be carried out.
Take practical and effective measures to carry out "send out" and "invite in", regular and irregular, centralized and decentralized training, vigorously popularize information technology knowledge, and strive to improve the management level and technical level of geological data staff; Establish an incentive mechanism that is conducive to attracting and retaining talents, and build a technical team whose scale and structure can meet the needs of modern services; Innovate the talent sharing mechanism and give full play to the respective technological advantages of universities, research institutes and enterprises.
3.2 update ideas, and establish a sense of "great service"
The characteristics of geological data achievement service, such as multi-field, multi-function, specialty and strong timeliness, require the establishment of "all-round, whole-process" service concept, pay equal attention to the final results and stage results, and combine the regular services of collective institutions with the special services of professional institutions; Establish a "big service system" in which the regular services of collection institutions and the special services of professional institutions cooperate and complement each other.
Therefore, we must further update our concepts, change our roles, and change the past "warehouse keeper" into the present "supermarket salesman"; Intensify the publicity of result service, classify users and products, and establish customer service plan and service feedback mechanism; Further expand the scope of services and increase the intensity of serving the government and the public; Actively explore the diversified supply methods and means of geological data products; Establish a modern marketing model to change the situation of single product service mode and backward service technology. Take the needs of government management, national economic construction and the public as the starting point and basis of the project, increase the intensity of serving the government and the public, make clear the question of "who to serve and what to serve" at the beginning of the project, and take the degree of demand as the standard and foothold to test the effectiveness of the work; Measures will be taken as soon as possible to provide timely services for long-term large-scale projects and large databases funded by the state finance.
3.3 Establish a "service-oriented national geological survey institution" and give full play to its leading and core role.
Clear the goal of building a "service-oriented national geological survey institution" and give full play to the leading and core role of China Geological Survey in the collection, processing and service of public welfare and basic geological data.
Mainly based on three considerations. First, the need to create a "world-class geological survey": a "world-class geological survey" must first "provide first-class services", and only through various forms and rich content of high-quality services can it be gradually recognized at home and abroad. 2. Requirements for the nature of geological survey: Geological survey is the foundation of geological work, with obvious characteristics of being advanced, basic, regional, multifunctional and public welfare. It mainly belongs to the production and service of public products, and is the knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive tertiary industry in the field of public services. The National Geological Survey is the main organization and implementer of geological survey, as well as the organization of geological survey, scientific research and information service. Third, conform to the requirements of the development trend of the world geological survey: "From investigation to service" is the main trend of the development of the responsibilities of geological survey institutions in the world today. The development and evolution of geological survey institutions in developed countries have experienced the process of "minerals-resources-environment". Today, the concept of "service" is emphasized, which better meets the requirements of economic and social development. The geological survey in China must also conform to this international trend. At present, we should focus on the following points:
3.3. 1 Establish a global service system
Taking the establishment of the National Geological Data Center as an opportunity, the medium-and long-term development plan of data information work of China Geological Survey was studied and compiled, and the original service system of "1+ 1+6" was expanded. At present, it is urgent to bring professional service units such as Environmental Monitoring Institute, Navigation and Telemetry Center and Oceanic Administration into the bureau service system, and rely on the three-level backbone network and information service platform of China Geological Survey to gradually form a "one-stop distributed service" with units, topics, regions and service types as the main lines, build a service system covering the whole situation, and give full play to the overall service advantages of the system.
3.3.2 Take the collection and updating of basic geoscience data as the foundation of establishing the Bureau and serving it.
Scientifically deploy geological work with the ternary structure of "foundation-mineral-environment", take the collection and update of basic geoscience data as the foundation of the establishment of the bureau, actively promote the establishment of the national basic geological map update mechanism, and form a long-term supplementary system for the regular funds of the national financial basic geological survey. Strengthen the website construction of China Geological Survey, make overall planning, clarify the division of labor and cooperation between the business departments of the Bureau, integrate the professional website content of the bureau's subordinate units, increase the construction and service of data series products, professional content and English web pages, and build a unified service platform.
3.3.3 Strengthen data processing, research and development.
Actively develop regional geological map series products, basic geological data products, mineral geological data products, geophysical and geochemical data products, disaster environmental geology, agricultural geology, urban geology and other geological data products; Closely around the important metallogenic belt, major national engineering construction and other major projects, organize special forces to carry out special redevelopment and re-research and utilization of geological data, physical geological data and original geological data; According to the needs of mining right management, carry out in-depth comprehensive development and utilization of thematic geological data; Make full use of modern theories, methods and technologies, carry out comprehensive analysis and research, further integrate processing data resources, and improve the research level of preliminary geological work.
3.4 Accelerate the construction of the National Geological Data Center and build an information sharing and service platform.
Accelerate the physical construction of "National Geological Data Center", form the integration of geological data resources accumulation, storage, processing and research and development services, and build a network service and information sharing system with national, provincial and professional geological data centers as the main body.
3.4. 1 Establish an organization and implement responsibilities.
Conscientiously implement the "the State Council Decision on Strengthening Geological Work" and the "National Geological Exploration Plan", with the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Geological Survey and other relevant administrative departments taking the lead, and the National Geological Archive taking the specific responsibility, set up a research and demonstration team for the "Geological Data Development and Utilization Project" as soon as possible, clarify the division of responsibilities, conduct extensive investigations and studies, fully absorb the data center construction and service experience of public service units such as surveying and mapping, earthquake, oceanography and meteorology, and substantially promote it. "
3.4.2 Carefully design and define the framework.
The national geological data center system should include four systems: national center, regional sub-centers (provincial), professional sub-centers and industry sub-centers. The National Center, as the core layer, consists of the National Geological Archives, the Land and Resources Physical Geological Data Center and six regional geological data sub-databases and specialized data centers (ocean, navigation and environment) belonging to the Geological Survey, including the geological data and data of achievements, important original geological data, physical geological data and data, and the national catalogue database of achievements, physical and original geological data; By establishing and perfecting relevant policies, regulations, technical standards and work norms, and building a network platform, we can achieve unified, coordinated and standardized data management with regional sub-centers (provincial), professional sub-centers and industry sub-centers. Realize the open data exchange with geological books, archives and documents through online services, and gradually establish an open data exchange mechanism with the international geoscience data center.
3.4.3 Lay a solid foundation and improve the network service system.
Establish the public service portal and public service system of the National Geological Data Center, and link the portals and service platforms of various geological data centers through the network on the basis of unified standards and norms. The ultimate goal is to form a multi-level (three-level) geological data exchange network system based on public network and combining reality with reality, so as to provide guarantee for national geological data network management and public * *. Promote the classification and cleaning of geological data of collection achievements; Update the national geological data catalogue; Investigate and sort out original and physical geological data; Carry out the construction of original and physical geological data catalogue database.