Project cost management is an important part of factory construction, which has the characteristics of long management process and changing market prices of materials and equipment at any time, resulting in complex and changeable project costs. Paying close attention to the standardized management of each stage of project cost is an important means to control project cost. Labor cost, material cost, machinery use fee and overhead cost directly control the project cost. In the process of factory construction, we standardize project cost management from project decision-making, preliminary preparation, project implementation to completion acceptance. Based on the actual situation of a paper company's workshop, this paper discusses the above four stages.
The first is the standardized management of project cost in the project establishment and decision-making stage of plant construction projects.
The decision-making stage of project establishment is the original stage of determining project investment, which involves many factors: long-term planning, short-term benefits, environmental governance, investment return, scheme design optimization and so on. These should be considered comprehensively. Therefore, the scale of factory construction, economic and social benefits, factory site selection, construction technology, equipment purchase, construction period and fund raising are all directly related to the project cost. The feasibility, foresight, advancement and comparability of the project plan directly determine the level of project cost when the project is established. At the same time, in the actual project decision-making stage, the lagging project quota standard, material price standard, labor cost and machinery use fee standard are ignored, which easily leads to high or low project cost. In the process of compiling the feasibility study report, the shortage of manpower, material resources and energy leads to the inaccuracy of the project budget in the project report, and even leads to the congenital deficiency of some projects. Practice shows that in order to make a correct decision and estimate the project cost, it is necessary for the project cost engineer to conduct in-depth and detailed market investigation and on-site investigation, correctly analyze the economic and technical indicators, and intervene in the role of the project cost in the project establishment in advance. Actively participate in the preparatory work before project establishment and decision-making, and earnestly do a good job in the feasibility study of project establishment. So as to reasonably determine the scale of factory construction and project investment according to the needs of market development and enterprise development. It is found from the whole process of a paper company's workshop construction that to do a good job in these aspects, all personnel need to conduct in-depth and detailed investigation and study before the project is established, and provide reliable project cost data from manpower, material resources, financial resources, time schedule, market share and other aspects, so as to provide scientific basis for leadership decision-making. Make the compilation of project cost and investment budget fully reflect the local material price, labor cost standard, shift fee standard and various quota standards as far as possible, so as to prevent the emergence of bean curd residue projects with low cost, fast speed and poor quality that do not conform to the scientific laws of engineering construction; Prevent unrealistic project cost and affect project quality and safety.
Second, the standardized management of project cost in the early stage of factory building construction
(1) Preliminary design stage
Once the project is approved and the project scale, investment, start-up and completion time are determined, the factory construction will enter the preliminary design stage. The preliminary design is divided into two stages: the overall technical scheme design and the specific construction scheme design. The degree of refined design in the two stages directly affects the project cost of factory building construction. The basic principles of overall scheme design are: advanced scheme and reasonable cost. To build a modern industrial workshop, the scheme should be reasonable in structure, advanced and practical, generous in environmental protection, high in modern technology and reasonable in price. Compared with similar factories, it is in a leading position, and repeated construction is prohibited. We must also have advanced design concepts to create quality projects. At the same time, economic rationality should be considered in the preliminary design to minimize the design cost of plant construction. The influence of the preliminary design stage on the project cost accounts for more than 75%. Whether the preliminary design is standardized directly affects the quality and cost of the factory building. If the design is advanced and reasonable, it is possible to reduce the project cost by 5%-20%, thus saving a lot of money. In the preliminary design stage, the scientific research personnel, engineering technical backbone, budget and cost engineers of the factory construction should go deep into the construction site to conduct on-the-spot investigations and personally master the first-hand information. Verify relevant design data, repeat analogy, design several schemes, and choose the best from them. The design and construction scheme of the specific workshop should be reflected in the preliminary design, especially in the selection of construction technology, construction equipment and construction materials. If it is advanced construction technology, sophisticated and efficient construction equipment and scientific and environmentally friendly construction materials, it can save time and effort, save raw material cost and reduce project cost.
(2) Bidding stage
The tender for plant construction includes: civil engineering, installation engineering, procurement of materials and equipment, etc. Whether the bidding for factory buildings is standardized or not is the first step to reduce the project cost.
1, bidding for the main project construction of the factory building
In the case that the preliminary design of the factory building is perfect, all kinds of construction drawings are in place and funds are in place, the tender announcement of the factory building project will be released to the society. At the same time, organize a leading group for bid evaluation and announce the specific requirements for bidding. Organize the bid opening, and select the construction team with workshop qualification, good reputation of workshop performance, complete "three certificates", strong construction ability and reasonable price reduction of comprehensive project cost within the target range from qualified construction units to participate in the construction of workshop civil engineering and installation project. In the tender stage of factory construction, strive to reduce the project cost by about 5% in bidding.
2. Bidding for materials and installation equipment
Material consumption and permanent equipment installation account for more than 60% of the project cost, which is the top priority to control the project cost. The construction materials of steel, wood, cement, masonry and other main materials in plant construction should be purchased through bidding. We should choose materials and equipment suppliers that meet the factory standards, with reliable quality and low price. For the permanently installed equipment in plant construction, we should also organize bidding and purchase, shop around and choose suppliers with reasonable prices, excellent equipment quality and in-place after-sales service. Strive to reduce the project cost by about 3% in the supply of main materials and equipment for various workshops. Ensure the quality of engineering materials and equipment meet the design technical requirements. Strictly control all kinds of materials, equipment and technology into the factory. Strictly prevent Jerry-building and inferior materials and equipment from being mixed into the process of plant construction, resulting in low project quality, quality and safety accidents, resulting in rework, thus increasing the project cost.
3. Choosing qualified construction site representatives and project supervision representatives is a necessary means to monitor project cost management in the preparation stage of factory construction.
It is necessary to select on-site representatives and high-quality supervision representatives who have the organizational ability of factory construction and are familiar with project cost management and budget management, and carefully and responsibly monitor the safety, quality and cost of each process, link and construction technology in the process of factory construction, so as to effectively control the project cost.
Three, the factory building construction implementation stage of cost standard management
After the preliminary design of the workshop is completed, the engineering drawings are complete, a qualified construction team is selected, the material supplier is determined, and the sub-project contract of the workshop is signed, the workshop construction enters the formal construction stage. At present, the project cost management is mainly monitoring management. If the monitoring measures are effective, the cost control process is well monitored and the project cost is within the controllable range of the design scheme. Otherwise, there will be some undesirable phenomena, such as material waste, rework slowdown, safety and quality accidents, and the project cost will rise. According to the author's many years of experience in organizing factory construction on site, the following work needs to be done well in the project implementation stage to make the project cost standardized management.
(A) update the concept, improve the quality, people-oriented, tap the potential to increase efficiency, save costs and reduce the project cost.
Strengthen the economic awareness of the site management personnel and engineering and technical personnel of this unit, and save the cost as much as possible on the basis of checking the cost of a single project. Cooperate with the supervision engineer to monitor the safety, quality, construction period and material consumption in the process of factory construction, educate all employees to be cautious and save the project cost.
(two) strict standards, serious and responsible, careful and meticulous preparation of the factory construction project cost schedule.
Refine the node objectives of engineering quantity and project cost. Every time a working procedure and a technological process are completed, the on-site project budget personnel and cost engineers will measure and calculate the price in time, analyze the savings between the planned cost and the actual expenditure of the project cost in time, find the deviation and correct it in time. Remember to do nothing, spend money indiscriminately, spend money indiscriminately and so on. , so as to avoid the irretrievable loss caused by finding loopholes in the project cost at the final settlement of the project.
(3) Strictly control the examination and approval procedures for design changes to prevent random changes, so that the project cost exceeds the original design standard.
In the process of plant construction, especially in civil engineering, due to irresistible reasons such as geological conditions and external environment, engineering design changes are inevitable. Engineering project changes generally include design changes, construction progress changes, construction conditions changes, technical standards changes, construction technology changes, engineering quantity changes, factory building materials changes, etc. If there are changes, the project cost will also change. Therefore, the design approval procedures must be strictly changed. For any project that needs to be changed, it is necessary to provide sufficient technical argumentation, so that words can communicate, numbers can speak, and facts can speak. Changes must be signed by the owner, the supervisor and the constructor, and approved by the person in charge of the construction project and the chief engineer before they can become the basis for calculating the work. Strictly guard against all kinds of improper methods to change the design, increase the project cost, and exceed the project cost standard.
(D) Strict visa management system on the construction site is the specific details of controlling the project cost.
On-site visa system is a regular work in the process of factory building construction. Because of the seriousness of on-site visa, many projects have no basis for project settlement, and the project cost is passively analyzed. Therefore, whether the on-site visa system is implemented is related to whether the construction cost of the factory building is implemented. In the process of factory building, all kinds of visa forms should be standardized, institutionalized, tabular and procedural. For example, the material incoming list, material issuing list, mechanical shift fee list, bill of quantities, record list, equipment purchase fee list, etc., should be signed with the progress of the project. The signature process of managers, auditors, builders and technicians is perfect, so that all kinds of signature procedures are complete, the data are accurate and the examination and approval procedures are standardized. Only in this way, the strict on-site visa system can put an end to all kinds of unreasonable expenses and ensure that there will be no major breakthrough in the project cost.
Four, the factory building project completion acceptance stage of the project cost standard management.
After the completion of the factory construction project, we entered the final accounting stage, and in the completion acceptance stage, we strictly implemented the design standard of the project cost. The completion acceptance is composed of the owner, the constructor and the project supervisor.
Close the group. The team members are composed of the owner's general manager, chief engineer, site general manager, site builder, budgetary estimate personnel, project cost engineer and the person in charge of the construction party, site technicians, project supervisor and supervision engineer. First of all, the completion leading group will identify and accept the engineering quality of each sub-project one by one according to the design standards and completion drawings. Under the condition that the project quality reaches the standard, the material and equipment suppliers, on-site project accountants, cost personnel and accountants shall check the price, engineering quantity and the use of materials and equipment according to various original construction materials, vouchers and visas and the design standards of the project cost. , for the change of engineering, materials and equipment that are not approved according to the procedures, refuse to pay without proper documents. 5% quality deposit will be reserved at the completion acceptance stage, and the standardized management of project cost will be finally controlled.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
The workshop project involves the capital input and output in the decision-making stage, preliminary preparation stage, project implementation stage and completion acceptance stage. Only by strictly regulating the project cost management in each stage can the factory not only achieve excellent project quality, but also make the project cost within a scientific and reasonable range.
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