The industrial base of professional service industry is the tertiary industry. The separation of professional service industry from the tertiary industry is the adaptation result of social division of labor to diversified social needs. Its development can be divided into two main stages. The first stage was from the 1950s to the mid-1970s. It is the primary development stage of professional services, and modern scientific and technological means and communication means have been applied. The second stage is from the 1970s to the present. This is a period of global professional service development. With the rapid growth of international trade in professional services, the center of global import and export trade has gradually shifted from the import and export of goods to the import and export of services.
The development of professional service industry in the world has the following trends: think tank: it refers to a phenomenon that research is comprehensive, personnel are characterized by various knowledge structures, and results appear in the form of "ideas". Separation: refers to the separation of "planning" and "breaking", so that some "decision makers" (such as government agencies and enterprises) become the main consulting users. Advisory bodies entrusted by international aid organizations such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are generally subject to detailed investigations on secession by these aid organizations. Diversification: refers to the trend of consulting services from single to diversified. Networking: refers to the networking development of professional consulting service institutions, including domestic consulting institutions and international consulting institutions. Networking is the basis of professional service cooperation and consultation, which is helpful to increase the utilization of information and the complementarity between talents, expand business ability and improve service quality. Networking has become a widely used way of professional service consultation and cooperation. Systematization: refers to the service system formed by consulting institutions and customers through modern communication means. Standardization: refers to the organization, database, quality requirements of consultants and consulting service processes of professional service consulting institutions increasingly adopting international common standards. Standardization is helpful to the cooperation between professional service consulting institutions and personnel. Immobilization: refers to more and more consulting institutions establishing fixed business contacts with customers. Part-time job: refers to the continuous expansion of full-time consultants and the increasing number of part-time consultants. Many countries strongly encourage technicians and managers to do part-time consulting. Centralized: refers to the development of a package of services including consulting services. From a global perspective, more and more consulting services are no longer isolated from other services. Internationalization: refers to the domestic consulting industry, after a period of development, gradually seeking to develop abroad and participate in the competition in the international consulting market.
(B) Overview of the development of professional services in Hong Kong
Hong Kong is the most developed service city in Asia and the largest professional service exporter, while China Mainland is the largest professional service export market in Hong Kong. At present, our main customers are governments at all levels in China, foreign companies that have invested in China or plan to invest in China, and Hong Kong companies. Their main businesses involve commerce, company listing, litigation, overseas investment and accounting audit.
Hong Kong's professional services are strong and world-class, and it has the knowledge and experience to operate and carry out various professional services such as trade, finance, accounting and law in the international market in accordance with international practices. In particular, the bilingual language and writing conditions of Hong Kong companies make it easier for them to enter the mainland market and improve their services more practical than those of other international professional service companies.
Producer services account for a large proportion in Hong Kong's service industry. As an important part of producer services, law, accounting, finance and consulting are also one of the fastest growing industries.
(C) Overview of the development of professional services in the Mainland
Compared with Hong Kong, the development of professional services in the Mainland is much slower. Among them, the most powerful projects are foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation, but other professional services that require high technology and high-tech content have developed slowly in China.
Generally speaking, the professional service industry in the Mainland is characterized by its late start, low level and slow development. The main problem is that many enterprises in Chinese mainland are the biggest consumers and recipients of professional services. However, due to the lack of necessary understanding of professional services, the initiative of enterprises to find professional services in decision-making has been hindered, and problems have arisen. The quality of the professional team is low and the professional skills are poor. In addition to accountants, lawyers, engineering consultants and other industries that need certificates, many industries have not yet introduced qualification examinations and certification systems. The laws and regulations are not perfect, the operating procedures are not standardized, and the contract formulation is not rigorous. Professional service technology and equipment are backward, and the source of talents is insufficient. The existing professional negative institutions generally have problems such as backward equipment, manual operation, low degree of modernization and low scientific and technological content. Moreover, the shortage of talents has not been solved within a certain range. Lack of knowledge of international practices in professional services, low service level and narrow service areas. Generally speaking, professional service institutions in the Mainland provide more services for state-owned enterprises and township enterprises, and less services for joint ventures and foreign-funded enterprises. The reason is that they don't understand the operating procedures and international practices of foreign capital and joint ventures, and language barriers, institutional differences, the distance of knowledge structure and the gap of foreign language level make almost all professional service consumers at this level give up joint ventures and foreign-funded professional service institutions. The professional service management means are backward, the marketing skills are poor, and the operation mechanism is unreasonable. There are differences in marketing strategies and professional technical know-how in the professional service market, and there are also monopoly problems in some industries, which is not conducive to professional service enterprises to participate in market competition.