② To exert subjective initiative, we must respect objective laws and realize the harmonious development between man and nature. In the second material, "Kill the goose that lays the golden egg, fish after exhausting the resources, and develop" is a practice that goes against the development law of nature and human society, and it is a manifestation of voluntarism. (3 points)
The objectivity and universality of laws require us to respect nature, respect laws and act according to objective laws. "Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs, and fish after exhausting the resources" is against the objective laws, and will inevitably affect the ability of China's sustainable economic development. (3 points)
(2) The connection view of materialist dialectics holds that everything has universality, objectivity and diversity. (2 points) China's economic construction must link the current interests with the long-term interests, and link the overall interests with the local interests, making overall plans. Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs exhausts the development of resources, only pays attention to the immediate interests, and pursues the economic growth rate unilaterally, but ignores the sustainable development of China's economy. (2 points)
(2) If we insist on looking at problems from the viewpoint of connection, we must deal with the dialectical relationship between the whole and the part, and persist in solving problems in the process of China's economic development by means of system optimization. (2) To realize the long-term sustainable development of China's economy, we must accelerate the reform of China's economic structure and the transformation of China's economic development mode. (2 points)
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Test analysis:
(1) This question is to answer the harm of the practice of "killing the goose to get the egg, exhausting the river and fishing" in the materials. It should be noted that the knowledge of this problem is limited to the knowledge of dialectical materialism. Candidates can first analyze and explain its harm from the perspective of conscious response; Secondly, it can be explained from the perspective that subjective initiative should be based on respecting the law that the practice of "killing geese to get eggs, fishing and developing" in the materials belongs to voluntarism. Finally, from an objective point of view, we should respect the law, otherwise it will affect the ability of China's sustainable economic development.
(2) The problem of this topic is "the significance of the discussion on solving the long-term economic development problems in China in the analysis materials", which belongs to the subjective significance problem. Students should pay attention to the knowledge boundary of this question is "knowledge of applying the concept of materialist dialectics", and candidates can first analyze it from the perspective of universality, objectivity and diversity of contact; Secondly, it can be analyzed from the perspective of the relationship between the whole and the part; Finally, we can analyze its significance from the perspective of system optimization methods.
Test center: This topic comprehensively examines the relevant knowledge of life and philosophy, mainly including the knowledge of the relationship between dialectical materialism and materialist dialectics.