From the tax principle, value-added tax is a turnover tax levied on the added value of many links such as commodity production, circulation and labor services or the added value of commodities. Extra-price tax is implemented, that is, it is borne by consumers, and tax is levied only when there is value-added, but it is difficult to accurately calculate the added value or additional value of goods in the production and circulation process in practice. Therefore, China also adopts the internationally common tax deduction method, that is, according to the sales of goods or services, the output tax is calculated at the prescribed tax rate, and then the value-added tax paid when obtaining goods or services is deducted, that is, the input tax, and the difference is the taxable amount of the value-added part. This calculation method embodies the principle of tax calculation according to value-added factors.
The formula is: tax payable = output tax-input tax.
VAT calculation formula: sales including tax /( 1+ tax rate) = sales excluding tax.
Sales excluding tax × tax rate = tax payable
It says that VAT is an "extra-price tax". What is extra tax? That is, the extra-price tax is borne by consumers. For example:
Your company purchased 100 pieces of goods from Company A, and the amount was 10000 yuan, but your company actually paid the other party 10000 yuan instead of10000+10000 *17.
Why do the goods you bought cost 10000 yuan? Because at this time, your company, as a consumer, has to pay more value-added tax of 1700 yuan, which is in addition to the value-added tax. This 1700 yuan VAT is your company's "input tax". Company A overcharged the value-added tax of 1.700 yuan, which does not belong to Company A. Company A has to pay the value-added tax of 1.700 yuan to the state. Therefore, Company A only collects and pays taxes, and does not bear taxes.
Another example is:
Your company processed 100 purchased goods into 80 A products and sold them to Company B, achieving sales of 15000 yuan. Your company charged Company B not only 15000 yuan, but 15000+05000 * 65438+. The value-added tax of 2550 yuan collected by your company is not yours, and your company has to hand it over to the state. Therefore, the value-added tax of 2550 yuan is not borne by your company, but is only collected and remitted by your company.
If your company is a general taxpayer, the input tax can be deducted from the output tax.
The input value-added tax paid by your company for purchasing goods is 1700 yuan, and the output value-added tax charged for selling product A is 2550 yuan. As your company is a general taxpayer, you can deduct the input VAT from the output VAT. Therefore, the value-added tax paid by your company to the country is not 2550 yuan charged to Company B, but 2550- 1700=850 yuan. So this was paid to your company in 850 yuan when Company B bought Product A from your company, and it was handed over to the country through your company. Company B buys your company's A products, and then sells them to company C, and company C sells them to company D ... All these processes have to pay value-added tax, which is passed on to the final consumer until it is sold to the final consumer, so value-added tax is also a turnover tax.
If you are an accountant, you can see from the accounting entries:
When your company buys 100 pieces of goods from Company A, the accounting entries are as follows:
Borrow: raw materials 10000
Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax) 1700
Loan: Accounts payable-Company A 1 1700
The entry does not take 1700 yuan as company expenses, but as "tax payable", because your company is a general taxpayer and the input tax can be deducted.
When your company sells 80 A products to Company B, the accounting entries are as follows:
Debit: Accounts Receivable-Company B 17550
Loan: main business income 15000.
Credit: Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 2550
In the entry, the value-added tax of 2550 yuan charged to company B is not regarded as the company's operating income, but "tax payable", because it is not owned by your company, but should be paid to the national tax.
Output tax-input tax = 2550- 1700 = 850 yuan is a tax to be paid to the state.
Value-added tax is a tax levied on the value-added of units and individuals who sell goods or provide processing, repair and replacement services and import goods. 199365438+February 13 the State Council issued the Provisional Regulations on Value-added Tax in People's Republic of China (PRC), and1February 25, 994 the Ministry of Finance issued the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on Value-added Tax in the People's Republic of China.
The advantages of implementing value-added tax are: first, it is conducive to implementing the principle of fair tax burden; Second, it is conducive to the rationalization of production and operation structure; Third, it is conducive to expanding international trade; Fourth, it is conducive to the country's universal, timely and stable fiscal revenue.
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I. VAT taxpayers
Units and individuals that sell goods or provide processing, repair and replacement services and import goods within the territory of People's Republic of China (PRC) are taxpayers of value-added tax.
Two. Scope of value-added tax collection
The scope of VAT collection includes: 1, goods; 2. Taxable services; 3. Imported goods.
Three. VAT rate
The VAT rate is divided into three grades: basic tax rate 17%, low tax rate 13% and zero tax rate.
Four, the tax basis of VAT
Taxpayers selling goods or providing taxable services shall be taxed according to the sales amount, and imported goods shall be taxed according to the prescribed taxable value.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Calculation of VAT tax payable
1. Taxable amount of general taxpayers = current output tax-current input tax.
2. Taxable amount of small-scale taxpayers = sales including tax ÷( 1+ collection rate) × collection rate.
3. Taxable amount of imported goods = (customs duty paid price+customs duty ten consumption tax) × tax rate.
VI. VAT declaration and tax payment place
The time of VAT tax declaration is related to the tax payment period approved by the competent tax authorities. Taxpayers with a tax payment period of 1 month shall file tax returns within 10 days from the expiration date; A taxpayer who takes 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 as a tax payment period shall pay the tax in advance within 5 days from the expiration date, and report and settle the tax payable last month from 1 to 10 the following month.
Fixed enterprises of value-added tax declare and pay taxes to the tax authorities where the institution is located, non-fixed enterprises of value-added tax declare and pay taxes to the tax authorities where the goods are sold, and importers or their agents declare and pay taxes to the customs where the goods are declared.