During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a new Taoist school ── Jing Ming Dow, also known as Zhong Xiao Jing Ming Dow, rose in Xishan, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and advocated "loyalty from truth to filial piety, returning to the realm of purity, yuan and Ming". Scholars believe that Jingmingdao is the product of the combination of Confucianism and Taoism. The purpose of emphasizing loyalty and filial piety is not enough to fully show the basic characteristics of Jingmingdao, because Jingmingdao is a faction of Taoism after all, based on loyalty and filial piety, and "cultivation" is to realize the ultimate ideal of Taoism. Judging from the development of Taoism, Jingmingdao is actually a Taoist school differentiated from the Taoist Lingbao School. It closely combines loyalty and filial piety with Jingming, and regards Jingming as the ultimate ideal of monasticism. What is clarity? Judging from the available data, the word "Jingming" appeared earlier, but in the book "Jingming Daoism", it first appeared in the preface of "Lingbao Jingming Newly Repaired Nine Ancient Gods' Enclosing Magic", which was awarded by He Zhen. He Yue said, "When Yan Song was six years old, he made a bad report, and six true spirits descended to Yuchuan, showing that Lingbao was clean and enlightened, and taught the people loyalty, filial piety, honesty and prudence." It can be seen that the Secret Method of Lingbao Jingming was originally attached to Taoism as a teaching method of "changing people to be loyal, filial and cautious" by the Taoist Lingbao School. Today's Taoist collection contains more than 20 kinds of books about Jingmingdao, most of which are titled "Lingbao Jingmingdao", which also shows the close relationship between Jingmingdao and Lingbao School. Lingbao School is a Taoist school formed by the spread of Lingbao Jing. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Ge Xuan passed on the ancient Lingbao Sutra, which was passed on to Ge by Ge Hong and others. There are as many as 55 volumes of Lingbao Jing that have not been reprinted. During the Southern Dynasties, Lu Zeng revised thirty-five authentic volumes and made a ceremony. Lingbao religion is popular all over the world, and its followers are increasing day by day. The post-Lingbao school mainly took Gezao Mountain in Jiangxi as the mountain, and persuaded people with Zuo Fu's science and education and meditation, and became one of the three major schools of Taoism in Zuo Fu (Shangqing School, Lingbao School and Zhengyi School). Jingmingdao and Lingbao School are geographically similar, and they are also in the same strain in Taoism. "Taishan Lingbao Jingming Daoyuan Yin Zhengzheng" said: "Which is the seal, which is the true scripture, and which is quiet and wise, which is clean and clear." In other words, the essence of Fu Chuan Zhen Jing is to help others "be calm and carefree", and "be calm and carefree" is also "clear and clear". Because purity means "keeping the peace and wisdom of the soul", the purity of Taoism in the Southern Song Dynasty, while taking "loyalty and filial piety" as the main content of Taoist purity, also emphasizes "grinding wisdom", and has a tendency to link it with people's spiritual cultivation, thinking that "pure people have no candles, no dust and no pollution, and all foolish wisdom is regarded as the door to enlightenment and the road to truth." "Qingming" is not only an ideal realm of "no seclusion, no candle, no dust and no pollution", but also a bridge to help people "accumulate mutual funds and sharpen their wisdom" to reach this realm, and the ultimate realization of this realm still needs to work hard from the heart, because "people are naturally quiet, so they can reach their hearts, and their hearts can reach their hearts, so they are sympathetic to the sun and the moon." Tao is round and empty, round is the body of qi, empty is the use of qi, round and empty, so it is called clean and clear. Just be clear, and you will fall in love. "Qingming" means "the nature reaches the heart" and "the way of emptiness". This view of "purity" opens the way for finding "the road to truth" from human nature. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Yu, Huang Yuanji, Xu Hui and others reformed Jing Ming Dow on the basis of integrating Neo-Confucianism, especially made a further theoretical exploration of the connotation of "Jingming", which made "Jingming" have more abundant multiple meanings. First of all, "Jingming" contains the Confucian principle of self-cultivation of famous teachers, which has ethical significance. At the beginning of Mr. Yu Zhen's Quotations, Liu Yu pointed out that "purity and even sincerity, loyalty and filial piety are the rules of cultivating nature" in view of the problem that "there are many ways to learn from the scriptures in ancient and modern times, so why is this teaching purely in name". "However, scholars are familiar with the language, and most of them ignore the past, but they are really practicing here." "Honesty" is an important thought in universities and is highly valued by Neo-Confucianism. Refers to an inner moral cultivation. "Jingming" is just "sincere heart", which means that Jingmingdao has introduced Confucian moral cultivation into its own monastic practice and ultimate ideal. The purity of "sincere heart" and the "loyalty and filial piety" of "the discipline of cultivating integrity" exist in opposition and are mutually useful. "Pure heart" can be "true loyalty and filial piety" to cultivate precepts, while the ultimate purity and clarity are the ideal realm of selflessness and clarity that people achieve after pursuing "loyalty and filial piety" in their daily lives. Purity, loyalty and filial piety, and the combination of internal and external reflect Taoism's pursuit of immortality. Governing the country from abroad and pursuing the ultimate ideal of social peace. This is why Jing Ming Dow is called Jingming Zhongxiao Avenue. Liu Yu criticized Confucian scholars for advocating loyalty and filial piety, but they only talked about righteousness and reason. Only when they are pure and clear can they carry forward the spirit of loyalty and filial piety and really practice it. This reflects the demand of the development of the times for the real practice of Confucian loyalty and filial piety and the positive response of Taoism. Secondly, Jing Ming Dow transformed and developed the idea of "Wuji Taiji" in Neo-Confucianism, and explained "Jingming" with "Wuji", which made "Jingming" have the characteristics of the universe itself. Zhou Dunyi, a Neo-Confucianist in the Song Dynasty, wrote the Taiji Diagram based on the Infinite Diagram of Huashan Taoist in Chen Tuan, and put forward "Infinite Taiji", which was the first of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. However, Zhou Dunyi believes that "Tai Chi" is the ontology of the universe, and "Wuji" is only a description of the characteristics of "Tai Chi". Later, although Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan had a heated debate on the relationship between "Wuji" and "Taiji", they both stood on the position of Confucianism and took "Taiji" (reason or mind) as the world noumenon, downplaying the position and influence of Taoist thought in Neo-Confucianism. Jingmingdao, on the other hand, stands in the position of Taoism and gives full play to "Wuji Taiji" from the traditional Taoist point of view. He believes that the nameless and immobile "infinity" is noumenon, and at the same time, he accepts the influence of the thought of "reasoning and arguing" and thinks that everything has its own Tai Chi: "Infinity and Tai Chi, infinity is also called clean and bright. As the saying goes:' the beginning of the nameless world is the mother of all things', so it is judged by Tai Chi, and it is established by two instruments. People are born and people are the most beautiful between heaven and earth, so they are called three talents. " "Silence is infinite, and feelings and communication are Tai Chi. Promise, clarity, and three realms. ..... Everything has its own Tai Chi. You can't talk about it unless you know. " Jingmingdao not only regards infinity as the origin of the nameless, invisible and elephant-less universe, but also regards infinity as another expression of purity, and along the thinking of Laozi's "returning to infinity" (Chapter 28), it regards returning to purity as the ultimate realm of monasticism. Thirdly, Jingmingdao also gives a concrete explanation of "Jingmingdao" along the logic of Laozi's theory of realm and gasification. As a Taoist school, Jingmingdao has adopted more nouns and terms of pre-Qin Taoism in its interpretation of Jingming. In "The Jade Treasure Altar" compiled by Huang Yuanji, it is said that "Jing Ming" is the "invisible avenue" that runs through heaven and earth, and it is the highest realm of practice: "Jing Ming is the invisible avenue and the innate foundation. In the world, it is the supreme pure emptiness, in the sky, it is the Boss Huang pole, but in the artificial Danyuan Palace. These three have the same name, the same mystery, the same mystery, the same mystery, and the same door to all wonderful things. People who understand this truth also know it. Qing is clean and empty, and there is no realm of clean and empty, which is called clean and clear. " Laozi's philosophy is based on Tao, and the characteristics of Tao are illustrated by the ups and downs of Yin and Yang. Jingmingdao also believes that "pure and bright, innate avenue, one breath is original, one breath runs, rises and falls day and night, materials start from the beginning, ... The world is changing, people's goods and things are self-sustaining, which is dominant?" Based on the idea that the unity of man and nature originates from Tao and assimilates into qi, Jingmingdao regards "Jingming" as the foundation of all things in the universe, explains the ever-changing world with "the rise and fall of qi", and emphasizes that "Jingmingdao is homologous and different in shape. By the same token, who can leave the house, why not? Homologous heteromorphism, all born in Tao life. Of all things, people are the most expensive, disloyal and unfilial, so why not be like wolves? If you can't make it clear, why don't you have a drink show? " Although "Jing Ming" is ethereal and invisible, it exists in nature, but it is the "gate of Wan Qi", which is not only the foundation of all things, but also the ideal realm reached by people who return to the Tao as the spirit of all things-"the realm of purity"
In a word, the word "Jingming" in Jingmingdao is rich in connotation, but whether it is to get the truth, return to infinity, or realize the root cause, it is just a different way of saying that Jingmingdao pursues the ultimate ideal of "Jingmingdao", which embodies the basic characteristics of Jingmingdao's "taking the old family as the ancestor". Based on Jing Ming Dao's design of the ultimate ideal, the steps to realize the ultimate ideal are also divided into three steps: "starting with loyalty and filial piety, focusing on the desire for righteousness, and finally achieving clarity." First, the Confucian ethics of loyalty and filial piety is the basis of monasticism, and then the method of eliminating desire and righteousness is adopted. Finally, the ultimate ideal and highest state of monasticism is to return to the pure and bright state of human nature. Taoists and Mohists also regard "desire for fire" as the main obstacle for people to reach the realm of purity and light, and think that human nature is self-pure, but people live in the world, "gradually dying and learning, angry and wanton, ignorant." ..... The so-called angry people are not just angry and resentful, but jealous and narrow-minded, unable to accommodate things. Check is a bright future, some can't let go, but they are always angry. ..... The so-called desire is not only lust and lust, but also love and attachment. If you crave something, you are ready to find the root and refuse to give up. It is always a desire. "This kind of hatred is hard for people to get rid of. It not only blinds people's purity and clarity, but also brings inexplicable pain to people's current life. While cherishing life, it has become the ideal pursued by Taoism to get rid of the pain of life, and Jingmingdao is no exception. When someone asked Liu Yu to clarify the main points of Daoism, Liu Yu replied according to his own monastic experience: "Since he learned Daoism in his early years, he has only practiced thirty crosses, which has benefited a lot over the years. I hereby inform you. The so-called "three crossings" punish suffocating desires and be sensible but not ignorant; A slight loss of degree means inviting darkness; If you say bad words, you commit the ugliness of the forbidden space. "He believes that" burning desire "will make people ignorant and difficult to carry forward their innate nature, thus making life difficult to extricate themselves. Therefore, how to "punish repressed desires" has become the primary task of monasticism. Jingmingdao has also changed all kinds of monastic methods adhered to by traditional Taoism, emphasizing the importance of "righteousness", that is, "sleepless at night, loyal and filial." I believe that as long as I live in my spare time and keep mindfulness, I can always make my heart bright as a mirror and pure as water, so I want nature. Therefore, the desire to go of Jingmingdao is based on righteousness. If you are right, you can leave if you want. It means liberating the real person, so we say, "The real person in pure Zoroastrianism does not mean breathing, massaging, resting, and breaking the grain to come true. It's just punishing evil and promoting good, being considerate, renaturating, matching heaven and earth into three poles, naive and humane, and calling it a real person. "According to this inner transcendence, we should break our attachment to various externalized and formalized ways of practice, such as becoming a monk and chanting, and emphasize that monasticism should work hard in the heart and pursue inner liberation." The Tao is realized by the heart, and the mystery is proved by the secret. Those who get it are not limited to becoming monks. "Because living at home and becoming a monk are only the differences in monks' lifestyles, the key lies in whether monks can take root in loyalty and filial piety, and whether they can' enter the right heart' so as to achieve inner purity. Similarly, people can be enlightened by Taoism, but not by Taoism. If you don't ask questions in meditation, you should care about loyalty, filial piety and sincerity. All four beauties are available, and the gods are gradually channeling, and they are naturally enlightened without practice. The classics in Taoist scriptures all teach people to abandon evil and do good, so they say: classics have a way. It is the way to enter the Tao. Every time I see the world refusing to get rid of bad habits and selfish interests, I can't help reciting in the morning. These sages don't take them, just like talking gorillas. All my methods need this heart, such as the brightness of the mirror, the purity of the water, the slightest loophole, the promotion of the sky, the worship of the first meaning of behavior, and the accumulation of various conveniences, and the road is not far away. It's better than reading thousands of books. If you don't serve Xiu De and don't seek the Tao, don't expect success in the future. " Asking about Zen, going into the mountains, chanting and other methods are not as important as "loyalty and filial piety, clear-cut square inch" Even if we talk about loyalty and filial piety, we should start with "righteousness", because "a loyal minister is loyal to the king, and his heart is the Lord of all gods." If you bully your heart, you are disloyal. " Loyalty and filial piety is the natural result of "right", or the external expression of "right". Righteousness must be right, and only when it is right can it become Tao. If you can be right, you will become a Taoist without practice. Therefore, only by seeking Tao in Xiu De's mind, giving up evil and returning to goodness can we "return to the realm of purity, yuan and Ming". At the same time, Jing Mingdao believes that the practice of "clearing the mind from desire" is not only to transform the inner "clean mind" into the outer "true loyalty and filial piety", but also to promote the inner mind to achieve "clean mind" that is "clean and untouchable". Therefore, Jingmingdao not only puts the moral cultivation of loyalty and filial piety before the Taoist arts such as refining essence, chanting scriptures and serving ghosts and gods, but also formulates a "record of knowing the sun" and a "record of merits and demerits" as the supervision of believers' daily self-cultivation, requiring them to "keep their minds upright" in their current thoughts, so as to make their actions always conform to the principle of loyalty and filial piety. "Clear religion, colleges and universities. Can pass through the world and future generations without being hurt. The important thing is not to cheat his heart and lose his life. This is called true loyalty and filial piety. Serve your loved ones in advance, be honest and upright, be a world-class good person, and think about it. You should be worthy of heaven and people, and don't be ashamed of it. The difficulties of the meeting are handled with understanding everywhere, like a clever hand to solve problems, which is very reasonable. Step by step, you should be in harmony with the heavenly heart, just do what you want to do, stay up all night, and be loyal and filial. People don't know, God knows. Don't dream of seeking good luck. As you get older, you will naturally get what you want. It is necessary to realize that this Sect is not the result of unkempt appearance, so there is no need for the ancients to teach sinners in the name of vulgarity. Another way is to cultivate immortality first and human nature first. Every time I see a so-called scholar in the world, he uses his twelve-point mind to calculate, but he can't get rid of fallacies and heresies, and the danger is still there. Talking about yellow buds and white snow, black mercury and red lead is just a delusion, so there are thousands of people and no one can learn. Why on earth? I just haven't cleared my mind yet. " . Jingmingdao's adherence to the secular morality of "loyalty and filial piety" shows different characteristics from Zen. His "strengthening the heart except desire" means keeping the heart without desire, desire without desire and inaction, so that the self-mind is not moved by foreign objects or dominated by emotions, which carries forward the characteristics of Taoist spirit. "Avenue nameless intangible heartless. He also said:' Good luck is better than nothing, but it is usually stable but harmonious'. Scholars can be honest and honest, but over time, they are really honest and honest.