Yunnan is one of the first provinces to declare "independence" after Wuchang Uprising. The victory of the uprising supported Wuchang and promoted the independence of Guizhou, Sichuan and some provinces. The "Chongyang" armed uprising of Yunnan people is an integral part of the Revolution of 1911. The struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan and promoted the arrival of the national revolution. During Yuan's preparation for proclaimed himself, Sun Yat-sen's China Revolutionary Party and Liang Qichao's Progressive Party went to Yunnan to instigate an armed uprising. Cai E, the former governor of Yunnan Province, and Tang Yu, the general of Yunnan Province 19 15 declared Yunnan independence in Kunming on February 25th, and then set up the viceroy mansion of Yunnan, organizing about 20,000 people to defend the country from Yuan. Therefore, the national protection movement is also called "Yunnan Uprising". 19 15 15 In February, the generals of the Yunnan army, Tang, Cai E and Li Liejun, declared their independence in Yunnan and sent troops to beg Yuan. Yuan Shikai's army was frustrated, and other southern provinces later declared independence. Yuan Shikai announced the abolition of the monarchy under internal and external oppression and died a few months later. Defending the country and defending the country is the first meaning in the country, and its support for * * * is world-famous.
1965438+In early July 2007, Zhang Xun supported the restoration of the abolished Emperor Puyi, and Sun Yat-sen was extremely angry. That is, Liao, He Xiangning, Zhang Taiyan and others sailed south from Shanghai on the warship Haichen, preparing to organize a military crusade in the south [1]. However, before Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou, the farce of restoration had ended, and Duan, who was in charge of the Beijing government again, stubbornly refused to restore the interim constitution and convene a national assembly under the clamor of the Constitutional Law Research Association [1]. In this case, Sun Yat-sen pointed his finger at the Beiyang warlord represented by Duan [1]. /kloc-on 0/7, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou and delivered a speech that night, clearly stating that the purpose of protecting the law was to overthrow the fake * * and establish a new * * * and calling on all walks of life to rise up and fight for the protection of the law. Cai E and Tang, the generals of Yunnan Army, joined forces with the southwest warlords and took the lead in opposing the dictatorship of Beiyang warlords in the whole country. On February 26th, 65438, the day after Yunnan declared its independence, the General Command of the First Army of the National Protection Army was established in Kunming. Commander-in-Chief Cai E, Chief of Staff Luo Peijin, Chief of Staff Yin Chengyou, Secretary Li Yueyou, Adjutant He, Quartermaster, Zhao, Head of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Step Regiment, Deng Taizhong, Yang Yi, Dong Hongxun, He, Lu Guofan and Zhu De.
19 16 At the beginning of this year, Cai E led the first army into Sichuan via Bijie, Guizhou, and took Naxi and Luzhou.
On October 5th, 65438/KLOC-0, Yuan Shikai ordered Cao Kun and Zhang Zheng to attack the national protection army in Sichuan, with Zhang as the leader. The national defense forces successfully entered Sichuan and successively captured Yanzipo, Hengjiang and Anbian.
On February 2nd, Liu Cunhou, a division of Sichuan Army, defected to Yuan in Naxi. Liu Zi was appointed commander-in-chief of Sichuan Army, defending the country and welcoming Cai Hubei Army into Naxi.
On February 5th, the Yunnan-Sichuan Defence Force attacked Luzhou, and on February 7th, Zhang led the Yunnan Army to kill it. The wehrmacht retreated to Naxi, and the Beiyang army pursued it. The battle of the National Defence Forces to attack Luxi turned into a battle to defend Naxi, fighting tenaciously on the vast battlefield from the Yangtze River in the north to Yongning in the south, and the situation was extremely fierce.
On February 28th, garde nationale attacked and counterattacked, and Zhu De led his troops to the pottery tile house of Wu headquarter. Zhang was defeated and Wu was at a loss. However, due to the lack of ammunition for the National Defence Force serenade, it failed to reverse the crisis. On March 7, he was forced to retreat to Yongning continent post.
On March 17, with the cooperation of Xiong Kewu, Dan Mao Xin and other Sichuan Rebels, the National Defence Forces launched a general attack again, and the attack was sweeping. A few days later, Kenaxi, Jiang 'an and Zhang surrounded Luzhou City. On May 22nd, Sichuan General Chen Huan declared independence. On the same day, Cai E sent a telegram urging Zhang to rebel against Yuan. Soon, I went to Luzhou to persuade Zhang. Zhang sent the surplus ordnance, bullets, horses and supplies of Beiyang Army and left Sichuan.
/kloc-in June of 0/3, the National Defence Forces entered Luzhou. 19 16 1, the general headquarters of the Second Army of the National Protection Army was established in Kunming. The commander-in-chief of the Second Army is Li Liejun, the chief of staff is Guo Jun, and the heads of the first and second echelons are Zhang Kairu and Fang Shengtao respectively. The strategic goal of the Second Army is to leave Guangxi and Guangdong in the east and turn to Jiangxi. Tang transferred a part of the Third Legion, which was preparing to March into western Hunan, to the direction of Guangxi and Guangdong, so as to increase the strength of the Second Legion and ensure the completion of the plan to attack Guangdong. Yuan Shikai ordered Long, the commander of the first division of the Guangdong Army and the younger brother of Long Jiguang, to investigate, and made the special envoy of Yunnan lead the Guangdong Army to Nanning, preparing to attack Yunnan through Baise and Xilin. As a result, the armies of both sides launched a panic attack in Fuzhou and Guangnan, which are at the junction of Yunnan and Guangxi.
At the end of February and the beginning of March, the two sides were in a stalemate.
On March 15, Guangxi general Lu Rongting declared independence, which greatly boosted the morale of the National Defence Force.
On March 16, Fang Shengtao held a counterattack to recover Longtan. At this time, another national defense army entered the west of Guangxi from Xingyi, Guizhou, and then copied the back road of the Yellow Department, forcing Huang Lingbing to escape. When Long was in Baise, he was surrounded by Ma Ji and Lu Yuguang, who led him, surrendered and accepted the adaptation. Long Jun's right-wing army commander Li Wenfu also came to surrender. Since then, the Second Baojia Army has entered Guangdong and become an important pillar of the military government's family protection. The battle between Yunnan and Guangxi shattered Yuan Shikai's plan to attack Yunnan circuitously, which ensured the security of the national defense forces' rear area.
After the war to protect the country broke out, Guizhou, Guangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces also declared independence one after another. Under the internal and external pressure, Yuan Shikai was forced to announce the abolition of the imperial system on March 22nd 19 16, but he still wanted to be the president, which was opposed by all parties. Guangdong, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces have successively declared independence. On May 8, the southwestern provinces organized the National Defense Military Affairs Academy in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, and elected Tang as the chief of Fujun in the Military Affairs Academy. Cai E, Luo Peijin and other Yunnan generals also served as Fujun. However, since Tang was in Kunming, the Military Affairs Office was actually controlled by Cen Chunxuan and Lu Rongting.
On June 6, Yuan Shikai died of illness, and the war to defend the country ended successfully. Soon, the North-South peace talks, the National Security Military Hospital also announced the cancellation of July 14. With the war to defend the country, the Yunnan army expanded its power to Sichuan. Yuan Shikai died of illness, and after the war to defend the country, the Dian warlord headed by Tang was formally formed.
After the war to defend the country, the progressives headed by Liang Qichao hoped to establish their own base areas in the southwest. Liang Qichao tried his best to contact Duan government to get a position for his student Cai E in Sichuan. On July 6th, the Beijing government appointed Cai E as the governor and governor of Sichuan.
Shortly after Cai E became the governor of Sichuan, his illness became more and more serious, and he asked the Beijing government for leave to recuperate.
On August 7th, the Beijing government approved Cai E to leave his post for rest.
On August 9th, Cai E left Chengdu and went to Luzhou and other places for rest and treatment. However, Cai E's illness became more and more serious, and he had to leave Sichuan for Japanese treatment at the end of August. Before Cai E left Sichuan, Luo Peijin, chief of staff of Sichuan-Yunnan Army, was recommended to be appointed as Sichuan overseer temporarily, and Dai Kun, commander-in-chief of Sichuan-Guizhou Army, was appointed as Sichuan governor and military affairs office. Cai E died in Japan on October 8th, 65438, at the age of 34.
After Cai E's death, Luo Peijin became the Sichuan overseer. Because Luo Peijin was inclined to Tang for a long time, Tang was able to remotely control the Yunnan army into Sichuan.
At that time, the troops that entered Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou occupied a large area of Sichuan Province and important towns such as Chengdu and Chongqing. Luo Peijin gave up Cai E's plan of "rebuilding Sichuan" completely, obeyed Tang's will, tried his best to plunder Sichuan's wealth, ransacked salt taxes, and forced Sichuan people to bear the pay of troops entering Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, thus the contradiction with Sichuan's military and civilians became deeper and deeper. Luo Peijin pursued the policy of "strengthening Yunnan and weakening Sichuan", expanding to the Sichuan-Yunnan army and suppressing the Sichuan army. 19 16 winter, Luo Peijin held a demobilization meeting to reduce the Sichuan army and aroused the five divisions of the Sichuan army to jointly write a letter.
19 17 In March, Luo Peijin dissolved the Fourth Division of the Sichuan Army by force. The general of the Sichuan Army was deeply affected by the disaster. Liu Cunhou, the commander of the Second Division, took the opportunity to contact various departments of the Sichuan Army to seek to drive Luo. 1917 On April 18, Liu Cunhou led a siege of Luopei, the imperial city of Chengdu, and the war between Liu and Luo broke out. Yunnan military kerosene sprayed on the surrounding houses, known as "Guangming City", to prevent Sichuan troops from ambushing by virtue of houses. Liu Cunhou also attacked with artillery and mines, and many shells landed in residential areas. The street fighting between the two sides lasted for seven days and nights with heavy casualties. Because Zhao Xinyou, the reinforcements of Yunnan Army, was blocked by the Second Division of Sichuan Army in Ziyang and Neijiang, Luo Peijin was isolated and forced to hand over his seal. On April 24th, he led the troops from Chengdu to Jianyang and Zigong. During the war, the Beijing government ordered Luo Peijin to be removed from the post of Sichuan military inspector and transferred to the general's office. Liu Cunhou was relieved from the post of the second division commander of Sichuan Army and transferred to Chongwu General Office. The two men stopped the war and went to work in Beijing. At the same time, Liu Yunfeng was appointed as the commander of the Second Division of Sichuan Army, and Dai Kun was appointed as the Sichuan overseer. The battle between Liu and Luo was the first warlord scuffle in the history of southwest warlords. During the battle, more than 3,000 houses in Chengdu were destroyed, more than 8,000 people were killed or injured, and countless property losses were caused.
After the war between Liu and Luo, fighting broke out between Liu Cunhou of Sichuan Army and Qian Army. As a result, the Qian army was driven out of Chengdu, completely annihilated, and Dai Kun died. Tang was very angry and disappointed that the Yunnan-Guizhou Coalition forces had been defeated repeatedly in the battle with the Sichuan army and retreated to southern Sichuan, which was out of the control of the warlords in Yunnan. 19 17 In July, in view of the restoration, the National Assembly was dissolved, and Sun Yat-sen went south to Guangzhou to lead the national protection movement and oppose the Beiyang warlords. Tang thought there was an opportunity and decided to use the dharma to let the Yunnan army into Sichuan again, so he electrified the dharma. However, Tang did not stand under the banner of Sun Yat-sen's protection, but was different. He announced the "Guo Jing" and incorporated the eight armies of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guo Jing into the army, which was known as the "Yunnan-Guizhou Allied Forces" in history. Tang was appointed commander-in-chief and chief of staff, Zhao, Yan En, Huang Yucheng, Zhang Kairu and Fang.
1 14 10 14, Tang led the Yunnan-Guizhou allied forces to swear allegiance and launched the Sichuan-Nanjing war.
1920 65438+February, first returned to Yequan, Yunnan, and planned to attack Kunming. Unexpectedly, Tang learned that Ye Quan's people had denounced him, so he mobilized heavy troops to meet the enemy. Jun Ye was defeated, almost completely annihilated. After Jun Ye retreated to Yuxi, Tang Jun followed closely. Gu Pinzhen took advantage of Tang Jun's scattered forces, far away from the provincial capital, and suddenly invaded Kunming in early February of 192 1. Don was caught off guard and unable to resist. On New Year's Eve on February 7, he fled to Mengzi in a hurry in an attempt to retreat and counterattack.
On February 8, Gu Pinzhen led the troops into Kunming. While sending representatives of public opinion to "persuade" Tang to travel abroad, he sent troops to advance. Tang had to appoint Li as the second police commander and Long Yun as the captain of the guard, stationed in Mengzi area as the power to make a comeback in the future, and then led a few cronies to take the Yunnan-Vietnam railway train south and live in Hong Kong. Gu Pinzhen is in charge of military and political affairs in the name of commander-in-chief of Yunnan Army. As a result of the anti-Tang struggle, it replaced Tang's dominant position in Yunnan.
After Gu Pinzhen took charge of the military and political power in Yunnan, he used some old generals in the Yunnan army. For example, Luo Peijin, 19 17, returned to Yunnan after the defeat of the Liu-Luo War, and Gu Pinzhen appointed him as a reading envoy for the southern tour. However, Gu Pinzhen was also at odds with some generals, such as Ye Quan, a native of Yunzhou, Yunnan, who later left Guangzhou to become the commander-in-chief of the Army of Sun Yat-sen's base camp. Another example is the former commander of the Third garrison headquarters (a native of Kunming), who did not agree with Gu and was exiled to Guangdong. Tang is a confidant, but also to guard against and combat everywhere.
After Tang arrived in Hong Kong, he actively planned to return to Yunnan to seize power, and the war of returning to Yunnan immediately started.
192 1 autumn, in response to Sun Yat-sen's crusade against Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting, Tang cronies Li and Long Yun invaded Guangxi and captured Liuzhou. At this time, Tang and even all the Yunnan troops in Guangdong and Guangxi quickly left the Northern Expedition base camp and went straight to Liuzhou to meet Li and Long Yun.
1February, 922, Tang organized more than 4,000 people to concentrate in Liuzhou to form the first, second, third and fourth armies. Li served as commander of the first front army, and Long Yun served as commander of the former enemy of the first front army, leading his troops back to Yunnan to attack. On the way back to Yunnan, Li was killed by Gui Zijun, and Long Yun served as the commander of the first army and continued to attack. Gu Pinzhen led the resistance movement in eastern Yunnan. In March, Gu Pinzhen died in Tianshengguan Goose Velvet Village in Lunan, and the rest were scattered. Fan of the eighth brigade and the head of the first echelon went to Guangdong to vote for Sun Yat-sen. Luo Peijin fled to Tunxi and was killed by bandit Pu Xiaohong on May 3rd.
1922 In March, Tang returned to Kunming and regained control of the military and political power in Yunnan. Tang expanded the Yunnan army he commanded to "open the national army" and became the "commander-in-chief of the founding allied forces" in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi provinces.
Four guarding the town and making chaos in Yunnan
After the Yunnan army returned to Yunnan from Guangxi, the voices against Tang Yaoji from all walks of life in Yunnan became louder and louder. At that time, the national revolution was raging, and the national government was established in Guangzhou in July 1925.
1In July, 926, the Guangzhou National Government held a Northern Expedition, which swept the two lakes and Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, and the rule of the Beiyang warlords came to an end. Yunnan people are very dissatisfied with Tang's belligerence and collusion with Beiyang warlords. In addition, since the first Yunnan-Guangxi War, Tang took the opportunity to cancel the titles of various armies, strengthen the relatives and friends group and the Guards, treat relatives with preferential treatment, and exclude dissidents, which also caused strong dissatisfaction from the unconscious generals of Yunnan Army.
1927 On February 6th, Mengzi, Zhaotong and Dali commanders Hu Ruoyu, Long Yun, Zhang Ruji and Li Xuanting respectively staged a coup in Yunnan on February 6th (also known as the downfall of the four commanders in Yunnan). On February 6th, the commander of the Fourth Army jointly sent a telegram, demanding that Tang expel Xiao,,,,,, Bai, and. At the same time, Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji's two armies set out for Kunming. Under the military pressure of various armies, Tang was forced to agree to these demands, which led Tang and others to leave and agree to reorganize the provincial government.
The event of defending the Tang Dynasty in Yunnan on February 4th, known as "the remonstrance of soldiers", was a real coup. Tang became a titular "president", ending his rule in Yunnan for 14 years. The four generals, especially Hu Ruoyu and Long Yun, were all hand-picked by Tang, and this time they turned against each other, which made him very angry. Two months later, on May 23rd, Don Yao Ji died at the age of 44. After the death of Tang Dynasty, the old warlords in Yunnan came to an end.
After the February 6th coup, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Long Yun as the commander of the 38th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, Hu Ruoyu as the commander of the 39th Army, and Zhang Ruji as the commander of the 8th Independent Division. The actual power in Yunnan is in the hands of Hu Ruoyu and Long Yun. Zhang Ruji fell to Hu Ruoyu's side; However, Li Xuanting has only one regiment, only seeking self-protection, and dare not participate in the struggle. After the death of the Tang Dynasty, Hu Ruoyu, Long Yun and Zhang Ruji each had their own ambitions, and the contradiction for the sovereignty of Yunnan became increasingly acute. Soon after, there was a coup in June 14, and Long Yun was imprisoned.
On the night of June 1927, Hu Ruoyu, together with Zhang Ruji, suddenly sent troops to attack Long Yun's residence on Cuihu East Road in Kunming and the 38th Army Command. A small shell exploded in Long Yun's garden, damaging the doors and windows. Long Yun's eyes were hurt by a piece of glass, and he was bleeding profusely. For fear of his martial arts, Long Yun was put in an iron cage by Hu Ruoyu. Without timely treatment, Long Yun's eyes became permanently disabled. This is the June 4th coup in Yunnan.
When the 614 coup was born, Long Yun mainly fled to western Yunnan, including Lu Han, Zhu Xu, Gao Yinhuai, Zhou Wen, etc., and invited Hu Ying, a veteran of the Yunnan Army, as the commander of the 30th Army, to command the troops to counterattack Kunming, and launched fierce battles in Xiangyun and Lufeng, defeating the Hu Ruoyu Army and advancing towards Kunming. On July 24th, Hu Ruoyu was forced to kidnap Long Yun and evacuate, and gave him the seal from the provincial chairman, asking Zhou to tell the 38th Army not to pursue him, and to ensure Long Yun's personal safety.
On July 25, Hu Ying led 38 troops into Kunming. When Hu Ruoyu retreated to Dabanqiao in the eastern suburb of Kunming, I was afraid of the pursuit of 38 troops, so I proposed a settlement to Longyun. The two sides reached the Banqiao Agreement, stipulating that Long Yun would return to Kunming to preside over the provincial government, Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji would go to the Northern Expedition, and Long Yun would supplement the reimbursement machinery in the rear.
/kloc-in August of 0/3, Long Yun returned to Kunming to take over as the commander of the 38th Army, acting as the chairman of the Yunnan provincial government and reforming the Yunnan provincial government.
After Long Yun regained power, he disobeyed the Banqiao Agreement and ordered Lu Han, Zhu Xu and other departments to surround Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji in Qujing and prepare to destroy them. But at this time, Tang, who fled Dali, took advantage of the emptiness of Kunming city defense and sent troops to attack Kunming, which was at stake. Long Yun command troops to stick to, while sending representatives to dredge hu, zhang, said no longer difficult, maintain the "Banqiao agreement". Later, Zhu Xu was transferred back to Kunming to repel Tang.
After Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji were cleared, they did not implement the Banqiao Agreement, but colluded with Zhou Xicheng, Guizhou Province, and joined forces with the Guizhou army to fight back against Kun. Long Yun appointed Hu Ying as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the 38th Army, and the two sides fought several times in Qujing and Xuanwei. Long Yun repelled the Qian army and drove Hu and Zhang to the border of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.
1928 1 Long Yun was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the chairman of the Yunnan provincial government and concurrently as the commander-in-chief of the 13th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, thus gradually consolidating his position in Yunnan. Long Yun finally eliminated his opponent, unified Yunnan, established his dominant position in Yunnan, and became the "King of Yunnan". Since then, Yunnan has entered the rule period of new Yunnan warlords.