"What you see is only chips, and there are still many supply chains that are tight. For example, the motor and electric drive of United Electronics, Weilai and SAIC are fighting for it. " An executive of the automobile main engine factory revealed.
As for the problem of "lack of core", it will become the target of public criticism, mainly because new energy vehicles put forward high requirements for chips. And new energy vehicles are the opportunity for China's automobile industry to "overtake in corners".
Assuming that overseas enterprises stop supplying chips to new energy automobile enterprises in China now, it is bound to cause a big blow to the development of China automobile market. Perhaps it is also the market panic caused by "lack of core". By the time of press release on February 7, 65438, many stocks in the automobile sector had fallen into pieces, which made BYD, which can achieve "self-sufficiency" on the chip, particularly eye-catching.
From "overtaking" of fuel vehicles to "overtaking" of new energy sources, China automobile enterprises have won a chance to turn over and seized the initiative. Nowadays, from "chip shortage" to "self-developed chips to alleviate the shortage", it means that China enterprises need to "wait" for an opportunity to turn around Gankun and take the initiative on the track of new infrastructure.
Why wait? Because chip manufacturing is a difficult and expensive business.
Take Huawei Hisilicon as an example. According to the top ten data of global R&D expenditure in 20 19 released by Semiconductor Industry Watch, Huawei Hisilicon's R&D expenditure in that year reached 24.4 billion. In addition, Huawei invested10.80 billion yuan in the newly capped Hayes factory project in Wuhan.
Today, Huawei Hisilicon has developed for 16 years. What is the international level? According to the data released by Insights, an overseas research organization, Huawei Hisilicon ranked among the top ten in the world for the first time in the first quarter of this year, ranking only tenth.
Tier 1 In this way, the life of Tier2 is also difficult.
According to IBS data, a 28nm process production line with an annual output of 50,000 wafers needs 3.95 billion US dollars for optical equipment investment, 6.272 billion US dollars for 14nm process, and10 billion US dollars for more advanced 7nm and 5nm processes.
Advanced high-tech R&D is too expensive, and this heavy investment threshold limits the speed of "self-developed chips" to some extent.
But interestingly, investors' interest in the field of chip manufacturing has not decreased. According to Zero2IPO data, during this year's 1- 10 period, there were 345 VC/PE projects that invested in semiconductors in China, compared with 376 in the same period last year and 3 1 1 in the same period of 20 18. However, the financing scale has greatly increased, reaching 7165438+300 million yuan in the first month, 28.445 billion yuan in the same period last year and 22.242 billion yuan in the same period of 20 18.
Hot money is spawning a huge supply market.
Xinmou Research Institute, a third-party market research institution in the chip industry, predicted that there will be more than 3,000 chip design enterprises in Chinese mainland by the end of 2020. And this data was 1698 in 20 18.
In addition to the substantial increase in the number of chip design enterprises, other relevant data show that in 2065438+2009, there were more than 53,000 new IC-related enterprises in China, with a growth rate of 33.09%, which is the year with the largest increase in related enterprises in history.
In addition, according to incomplete statistics, nearly 10,000 enterprises in China switched to semiconductors this year. Behind the Great Leap Forward is the temptation of huge state subsidies. According to a report by Bloomberg, the whole country will invest 9.5 trillion yuan to support enterprises that subsidize chip manufacturing.
At the same time, the science and technology innovation board has also given the semiconductor industry a lower threshold, making it easier for these companies to get approval and raise more funds.
But at the same time, it also indulges many companies with mixed fish and dragons to rub the "semiconductor" fever. The data shows that only? 2020? In the third quarter of 2008, there were? 1.3? Wanjia Enterprise expanded its business scope to integrated circuits in industrial and commercial registration Information.
When investors ask the company, "Do you have a core?" I seem to forget to ask the company, "Are you there?"
According to the White Paper on Talents of Integrated Circuit Industry in China (20 19~2020 Edition), the number of employees in the semiconductor industry in China in 20 19 was about 510.2 million, an increase of11%year-on-year; By 2022, there will be a gap of nearly 250,000 professionals in China's integrated circuits, which is structurally unbalanced.
Where is the imbalance? According to the contents of the white paper, in the integrated circuit industry chain, including design, verification, manufacturing and packaging, the demand for talents in chip design is the highest, accounting for 8 1.8%, followed by chip manufacturing, accounting for 7.23%.
In contrast, the link between the level of integrated circuit industry chain in China and the international level is precisely design, verification and manufacturing. For example, the wafer foundry in the inland of China can't produce high-precision chips, and the key is that it can't obtain high-precision extreme ultraviolet lithography machines. The global extreme ultraviolet lithography machine market is almost occupied by Dutch enterprise ASML.
According to the contents of the White Paper on IC Industry Talents in China (20 17~20 18), among the 400,000 IC industry talents in China, undergraduate education accounts for the vast majority.
This exposes a problem: China's integrated circuit industry lacks high-end talents-China's "lack of core", but in fact it is more "lack of people" in the industry.
Hu Ceng, a researcher at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the head of Loongson processor, pointed out that in China, the talent training in the chip industry is extremely uneven, most of the talents are concentrated in the technical application level, and there are too few talents who study algorithms, chips and other underlying systems.
This is closely related to the current situation of domestic education, that is, "ordinary colleges and universities only have theories, and the chip talents they train can't meet the needs of enterprises;" 1985, most domestic universities and scientific research institutions will publish papers as the main evaluation criteria for computer talents.
And some data show that the salary of chip talents is only half that of software talents with the same working years, which forces some chip R&D talents with deep accumulation in infrastructure to transform into the field of Internet applications.
It can be seen that in front of China's chip industry, besides the shortage of people, there are also the aforementioned problems of "lack of money" and "industrial chaos".
However, even from the "Top 20 19 Global Semiconductor Companies' Revenue Rankings 10" published by relevant institutions, there is nowhere to find the names of China enterprises. But it is undeniable that we also have Huawei Hisilicon, a leading chip designer, TSMC and Lianhua Electronics, a leading chip foundry.
It is these enterprises that let us see the hope of "gathering sand into a tower" from a grain of sand to a chip.
It is true that the chip is one of the most difficult core technologies in the world, and it is also one of the important standards to measure a country's scientific and technological strength. Capital, talents and time are all essential elements. Volkswagen's "lack of core" is only a concentrated expression of the problems that the automobile industry will face, but it has sounded the alarm of China's "core-building".
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This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.