Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. Try to keep the language style of the original text.
For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down for the time being and weigh them after the translation.
After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs. The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, modifying, adjusting and modifying the requirements of classical Chinese translation. Translation of classical Chinese should be "faithful, expressive and elegant". "Faithfulness" means that the translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original should be translated truly and properly by using modern Chinese.
"Da" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and it should perfectly express the writing style of the original text.
Principles of Classical Chinese Translation In the process of classical Chinese translation, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to translate every word in a sentence in a specific way. As long as it has a certain real meaning, we must implement it word by word and occupy the corresponding seat.
When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words are inseparable from words and sentences. If the meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.
Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve students' reading ability and written expression ability. Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement.
Try to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start.
When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down for the time being and weigh them after the translation. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs.
The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.
The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns.
The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word.
These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.
"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.
"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese.
For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.
"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences.
Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement.
Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".
"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns.
When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. "Change" means flexibility.
On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm".
Classical Chinese Translation Quartet In recent two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translation. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start.
In fact, we can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful classical Chinese translation quartet from the following four aspects: 1. Attention should be paid to supplementing omitted sentence elements in translation. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object.
When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable. 2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order.
Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use.
It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words.
This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.
To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly. Mastering the Key Points and Skills of Grading Classical Chinese Translation In 2005, the outline of Chinese examination included "sentence patterns and usages different from modern Chinese" in the scope of college entrance examination. The examination of this knowledge point is probably reflected in the translation problem, so how.
2. Translation of eclipse. Translation of classical Chinese sentences. Translation of Chinese written sentences. Teaching: produced by Shi Lihua: Gao Shuqing 1, also known as General Li. Translation: It's probably General Li! 2, and the sentences about the day of death in classical Chinese, whether known or unknown by the world, are mourning. Translation: On the day of death, classical Chinese sentences were known all over the world.
Review of classical Chinese translation in senior high school. Review of classical Chinese translation in a6r senior high school. A6r senior three classical Chinese review, whether the world knows it or not, is a whine. Senior high school Chinese specially reviews classical Chinese translation. A6r English-Chinese translation (phrase). Doc. 1 1, white and black 12, upturned face 13, someone pestered someone beforehand 14, crying silently. Online translation of English-Chinese phrases is sad whether the world knows it or not. Translation: On the day of death, English and Chinese phrases were translated into each other. 1 1, white and black 12, upturned face 13, someone pestered someone beforehand 14, speechless.
Review several translation skills of classical Chinese rhetoric in college entrance examination. Translation of 1. Simile 1 Simile: still translated into simile. Example 1: Dressed in mysterious clothes, I review the classical Chinese teaching plan for the college entrance examination. What the world knows and doesn't know is sad. On the day of death, it was as wild as an ape. Wild and agile like an ape. Example 2: The fire is fierce. The process of swfswf translation, whether known or unknown, is full of sadness. On the day of death, it was as wild as an ape. Wild and agile like an ape. Example 2: The fire is fierce. Swf Chen's translation of action name No.83 of Tai Ji Chuan New Frame 003.txt.form5.single whip and single whip Form 6. Buddha warrior attendants pound mortar seconds white crane (goose) spread its wings.
Chen taiji's decomposition action is known or unknown to the world, and it is sad. On the day he died, he was as sick as an ape. Wild and agile like an ape. Example 2: the fire is fierce, Chen taiji biography. Form 5. Single whip single whip form 6. Buddha's warrior waiter pound mortar second, second king kong tamping form 7. White crane (. Unit 1-8 translation exercises 1. The soup cooked by the chef is so good. We will change the party originally scheduled for Sunday to Tuesday. It will be very hot this week. Some people are rich, while others are poor. They don't know how the change happened. What do you think of me?
Exercise 1: Teaching reflection, what the world knows or doesn't know, is sad. On the day of death, wild diseases are like apes. Wild and agile like an ape. Example 2: the fire is fierce, and the first grade pinyin practice 1. The soup made by this chef is too harmonious. We will change the party originally scheduled for Sunday to Tuesday. It will be very hot this week. Some people are rich, while others are poor. Doctor. Jing mang The Book of Songs translated by Feng Wei, an ignorant peasant boy. The world knows but doesn't know, and all mourn. On the day of his death, he was as sick as an ape. Wild and agile like an ape. ) Example 2: The fire was fierce, so \x0b changed the cloth for silk. \x0b Actually.
Fudan famous teacher course-English-Chinese translation practice-handout. Lecture notes of Fudan famous professor course "English-Chinese Translation Practice"! Unit1i. Principles of English-Chinese Translation Lecture 1: What is translation? Example 1 The history of a tree from its beginning in for. The more famous, the more natural. What the world knows and what you don't know are all sad. On the day you died, you were as sick as an ape. Quick as an ape. ) Example 2: The fire was fierce, so \x0b changed the cloth for silk. \x0b actually won't become silk. \x0b, find this excuse to talk about marriage. \x0b will see you through Qishui West, \ x0. Unit1i. Principles of English-Chinese Translation Lecture 1: What is translation? Example 1 The history of a tree from its beginning in for.
TOEFL -gre- IELTS-National Translation Professional Qualification-Grade-Test English Grade -2 Translation Practice Mode 2 Test Network -99 Test Network. Computer: Education: Engineering: Grade Examination Microsoft Certification cisco certified Oracle Bone Inscriptions Certification Linux Certification Postgraduate Entrance Examination Higher Education Self-taught Adult College Entrance Examination Master of Laws MBA/MPA Supervision Engineer Real Estate Appraiser Consulting Project. What the world knows or doesn't know is sorrow. On the day of death, it was as wild as an ape. It is as wild and agile as an ape. ) Example 2: The fire was fierce, so \x0b changed the cloth for silk. \x0b didn't really become a loser, so \x0b made an excuse to talk about marriage. \x0b has seen you through Qishui West, and \x0b has arrived. IELTS TOEFL gre difference. Computer: Education: Engineering: Grade Examination Microsoft Certification cisco certified Oracle Bone Inscriptions Certification Linux Certification Postgraduate Entrance Examination Higher Education Self-taught Adult College Entrance Examination Master of Laws MBA/MPA Supervision Engineer Real Estate Appraiser Consulting Project.
3. The original text and translation of the college entrance examination in classical Chinese 1, Fan Zhongyan is interested in the world.
Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old. Mother is poor and has no one to rely on. She remarried to Zhujiajian Island's home in Changshan. (Fan Zhongyan) When he grew up, he knew his life experience, said goodbye to his mother with tears, and left his hometown to study at Du Nan Academy in Yingtianfu. He studies hard during the day and studies late at night. In five years, I never took off my clothes and went to bed. Sometimes I feel sleepy at night and often pour water on my face. (Fan Zhongyan) I often study hard during the day and eat nothing until the sun sets. In this way, he understood the gist of the Six Classics, and later made an ambition to benefit the world. He often tells himself, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later."
Original text:
Fan Zhongyan was two years old and lonely, and his mother was poor and helpless, which was suitable for Changshan Zhu. As he is a dragon, he knows his family, feels sad, resigns from his mother, and goes to Du Nan to enter the school. Study hard day and night and sleep without taking off your clothes for five years. Or the night is dull and lazy, and you need to cover your face with water. Often porridge is not full, and it begins to be eaten at the end of the day. So I am interested in the world because of the purpose of the Six Classics of Great Harmony. I often say to myself: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.
2. Chen Fan is willing to sweep the world.
When Fan Chen was fifteen years old, he once lived alone in a place where the yard and house were in a mess. Qin Xue, his father's friend in the same city, came to visit him and said to him, "Young man, why don't you clean the room to welcome the guests?" Chen Fan said: "A gentleman takes it as his duty to sweep away the evils in the world. You can't care about a room. " Qin Xue thinks that he has the ambition to clarify the world and is different from others.
Original text:
In the fifteenth year of Francisco, I tasted a room in my spare time, when Yu Ting was five years old. Father and friend Qin Xue came from the same county to wait for him and said, "Why don't you clean up for the guests?" Fan said: "The way of a gentleman is to clean the world and settle down." It is strange to know that he has clear world ambitions.
4. Classical Chinese translation 2. Specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, modifying, adjusting and modifying. "Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated. "Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated. "Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You". "Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. "Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm". Classical Chinese Translation Quartet In recent two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translation. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start. In fact, we can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful classical Chinese translation quartet from the following four aspects: 1. Attention should be paid to supplementing omitted sentence elements in translation. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object. When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable. 2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order. Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss." 3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words. 4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it. To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly. Mastering the key points and skills of classical Chinese translation In 2005, "sentences and usages different from modern Chinese" were included in the college entrance examination. The examination of this knowledge point is probably reflected in the translation questions. Therefore, how to do a good job in classical Chinese translation has become the focus of candidates' attention. First, look at the part of speech-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the phenomenon of flexible use of parts of speech: flexible use of parts of speech is the content of the college entrance examination in 2005. It is a unique grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese, mainly including the flexible use of nouns, verbs and adjectives. When translating, we should be good at determining the part of speech and the meaning of words by analyzing the grammatical structure of sentences. Second, the observation of sentence patterns-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns: Classical Chinese sentence patterns have been included in the examination scope of the college entrance examination in 2005, which requires us to master the different characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns, especially judgment sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences and prepositional object sentences. Generally speaking, these sentences have linguistic symbols, and we can judge which sentence features they belong to by identifying these linguistic symbols.
Understand the meaning of words-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the meaning of key notional words: the so-called key notional words refer to those words that play a key role in a sentence, and their definitions are usually different from those of modern Chinese or have multiple meanings. The key notional words in a sentence are verbs, followed by adjectives and nouns. In addition, we should also pay attention to interchangeable words, ancient and modern synonyms and so on. Fourth, distinguish usage-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the usage of main function words: function words are an indispensable part of sentence composition. "Er, Yi, Language, Cause, Use, Nai, Qi, Behavior, Zhe, Zhi" often appears in the function words in classical Chinese. Pay attention to summarizing their usage before the exam, strengthen training and deepen your impression. In translation, we should be word-for-word, sentence-for-paragraph, pay attention to the relationship between contexts, and pay attention to the cohesion and coherence of meaning. Therefore, in the translation of classical Chinese, we must pay attention to observing the part of speech, observing sentence patterns, understanding the meaning of words, distinguishing usage and other methods, so as to find these scoring points keenly and translate them accurately and smoothly. Only in this way can classical Chinese translation get high marks.
5. The usage of "Qi" in China's classical sentence translation and sentence translation.
1. I miss and grieve that she is far away from home, which is pitiful. Its: pronoun, she, refers to Yan Hou.
2, small success: the reputation is too small. Its: pronoun, it, refers to promoting knitting.
I don't know if they have tens of millions: they are majestic, and I don't know if they have tens of millions. Its: pronouns, they refer to palaces.
This evil will not be seen today, but will be seen another day: this evil will not appear now, but will certainly appear in the future. Its: demonstrative pronoun, this kind (disaster, disaster).
5, you are good at caressing them: I hope you take good care of them. Its: mood adverb, indicating the mood of hope.
6. Me too: Let's go home. Its: mood adverb, which means euphemistic discussion mood.
7. Having your three lost is your father's ambition: (I will give you three arrows now). I hope you don't forget your father's legacy! Its: modal adverb, expressing the mood of hope (imperative sentence).
8, so the country is almost the same? : So, it's almost time for Qi? Its: mood adverb, indicating the mood of strengthening speculation.
9, its capital punishment, saying: "Follow me, that is, stab his heart first, otherwise his limbs will be exhausted and his heart will not die." : (Yes) The man who was beheaded by the year said, "If you obey me, you must stab him in the heart first; Otherwise, if you break your limbs, your heart will not die. " Its: demonstrative pronoun, in which.
10, if so, who can resist it? If so, who can resist? Its: mood adverb, indicating hypothetical mood.
1 1. The road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi, and Xiu Yuan is Xi. I will pursue it up and down: the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will pursue it tirelessly. Its: mood auxiliary words have no substantive meaning. (syllable auxiliary words, used to supplement syllables in sentences, have no practical significance. )
12, the snow is boundless, the clouds are falling: endless snowflakes are falling, and thick clouds seem to be pressing the eaves. Its: mood auxiliary words have no substantive meaning. (syllable auxiliary words, used to supplement syllables in sentences, have no practical significance. )
13, I don't know it's embarrassing, but I feel very sincere: as long as my heart is really beautiful, forget it if you don't know me. Its: modal adverb, indicating the mood of strengthening restriction.
6. Basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible.
The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible.
Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand.
Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
7. What are the translation skills of classical Chinese in college entrance examination? There are ten common skills in classical Chinese in college entrance examination:
1. Leave:
Proper nouns, country names, year numbers, place names, names of people, things, titles, vessels, etc. You can record it without translation. For example, Bobby Chen became a general and Guangwu became a captain. General and surname are official names, so they were recorded without translation.
2. Delete:
Delete words that do not need to be translated. For example, "The Debate of Cao Gui" "The husband fights bravely." The word "fu" here is a phrase word and should be deleted in translation. Wolf: "the meat is exhausted, and the two wolves drive together." The word "zhi" here is a complement to syllables, which has no practical significance and should be deleted.
3. Add:
Omitted elements should be supplemented in translation. For example, "Two Children's Argument about the Sun": "The sun rises as big as a hood at the beginning of the day, and rises like a dish in the middle of the day." In translation, the adjective predicate "small" is added before "like a dish".
4. Change:
In translation, modern words should be used instead of ancient words. For example, "Watching the Tide": "Every year, I silently go out to Zhejiang Pavilion to review the water army." The word "year" here should be changed to "year".
5. Adjust:
In translation, the word order of some sentences (predicate preposition, attributive postposition, preposition object, preposition object structure postposition, etc. ) needs to be adjusted. Such as "Yu Gong Yi Shan": "What a shame!" It can be adjusted to the form of "you don't like it very much"
6. choose:
Choose the appropriate word meaning translation. Polysemy is very common in classical Chinese, so it is difficult to choose the right meaning for translation. For example, in Teacher's Watch: "Three ministers are in the thatched cottage", the word "Gu" here is a polysemous word with many interpretations: looking back, looking forward, asking, visiting, cherishing, caring and worrying, and "visiting" is the most appropriate one in this sentence.
7. Translation:
Translate notional words, function words, movable words and common words. For example, The Story of the Nuclear Ship: "The stone is green." The "three" here is a noun used flexibly as a verb and must be translated when translating.
8. Meaning:
Free translation. Literal translation can't understand the meaning of metaphor and metonymy in classical Chinese, so we should use free translation. For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Autumn dare not approach." Even the fur of wild animals in autumn is afraid to go near. I dare not have even the smallest thing.
9. Shrinkage:
Some sentences in classical Chinese are deliberately complicated to enhance the momentum, so they can be condensed in translation.
10. Expand:
One is to expand monosyllabic words in classical Chinese into synonymous disyllabic words or disyllabic words, and the other is to expand the contents of some concise sentences in translation in order to express the meaning clearly.