Internal and external life-woman system
Actually, who is this lady? Life woman? The extension of "Ming Fei", the so-called "Ming Fei", originally refers to the emperor's empresses. Empresses and emperors have no hierarchy, and concubines and lieutenants have the same hierarchy, which is equivalent to the imperial edict when conferring titles. Below the queen are four concubines. At first, four concubines only symbolized the number of imperial harems, and were not called concubines. For example, in the Han Dynasty, under the empress were four ladies, and under the ladies were beauties, lovers, eight sons, seven sons, long ambassadors and few ambassadors. These appellations correspond to different levels. For example, the Fourth Lady is divided into Zhao Yi, Jieyu, Yi E and Ronghua. Among them, Zhao Yi has the highest title, equivalent to a vassal, and is regarded as a prime minister. So in the inner palace, the head of the four concubines is equivalent to the imperial edict, but the emperor's woman can't call it that!
The four concubines in the Tang Dynasty were all noble and virtuous, so the imperial concubine in the Tang Dynasty was the first person under the queen. Often the emperor marries the queen for political reasons, but the imperial concubine is probably? True love? Relying on the emperor's privilege is self-evident. Like what? Riding the world of mortals and laughing? Although Yang Guifei is not given the power to mobilize the post office on the surface, people can use a special post office after eating a litchi, or it may be urgent for the military newspaper!
As mentioned earlier, the empresses of the emperor can not be called imperial edicts, but establish ranks and salaries in the form of conferring titles. Corresponding to the empresses is the conferring of the minister's mother and wife, but can the emperor's family use it? Books? The foreign minister can only use it? Hey? This is a special instrument for conferring a title. Is that what we mean? Books? . Therefore, the woman with inner life corresponds to the woman with outer life. Due to the strict feudal hierarchy in ancient times, the awarding of the first grade to the fifth grade is called patent, and the awarding of the sixth grade to the ninth grade is called patent? What? Therefore, not everyone can add death before addressing.
(Gan Longfeng Li Chenggui's parents live in Sichuan)
At first, letters patent was used to add ranks to officials, but in the Tang Dynasty, letters patent was used to seal the wives and mothers of officials. This kind of patent is often based on the official rank. For example, if an official's career officer, guard officer and title are originally a product, then sealing his mother and wife is a product. The imperial edict lady is just a common name for foreign women. To taste the imperial edict lady is to highlight the grade, but in fact, all previous dynasties have fixed titles for foreign women. Like the Song Dynasty? Nine-level foreign life girl? : Mrs. Guo, Mrs. Jun, Shu, Shuo, Ren, Gong, Ren, An, Ru. Among these nine categories, Mrs. Guo is a lady who was ordered to be executed.
By the Ming Dynasty, the appellation of foreign women had changed. For example, all women with one product and two products are called ladies, and all women with seven products or less are called virgins. So in order to distinguish them, we gave a nickname to Mrs. Yipin's imperial edict, but omitted the title of Mrs. Yipin's imperial edict. This is also to make the title better, just as we should omit it as much as possible when calling the deputy today? Deputy? Words. After understanding the meaning of my wife's power of attorney, I can't help but ask, under what circumstances will it be sealed?
The principle of sealing women living in foreign countries
The two palaces of Gengzi were completed in the west, which is of great value. Ordered him to donate100,000 yuan to help the poor, and awarded it to Mrs. Yipin in sequence. In the past, Taoist priests were also rewarded by doctors and wore Hualing, ranking second. Rebuilding Jingyang County Records
Generally speaking, women are rewarded for meritorious service by their husbands or sons, but there are exceptions in history. There are many examples of women obtaining patent certificates in their own right. Far away, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi granted permission to a lady who was ordered to be executed. Is this man from Shaanxi? Female entrepreneurs? Zhou Ying. She married into the Wu family in her early years, but her husband and father-in-law died one after another. It was she who made the family business bigger and became the richest man in Shaanxi. Empress Dowager Cixi suffered a lot along the way when she ascended the throne in the year of Gengzi. After arriving in Shaanxi, Zhou Ying asked her adopted son Zhou Nianxi to send hundreds of gold to Empress Dowager Cixi. This timely help made Galeries Lafayette very excited, so he named Zhou Ying as the first lady, and his adopted son also gave a Taoist second-class rank.
Another example is Liang Hongyu, the heroine of the Southern Song Dynasty who resisted gold. Although her husband is Han Shizhong, one of the four generals of ZTE, she was named Lady Anguo, not because of her husband's meritorious service, but because of her heroic performance in quelling the rebellion in Miao Fu. What did Song Gaozong say about Liang Hongyu? Great ingenuity, do not disgrace the past. ? When Han Shizhong made a mistake, Liang Hongyu took the initiative to impeach her husband and personally led troops to save Han Shizhong's wrong command. Finally, he was named a man, and later he was named Mrs. Qin. This happened at the end of the Song Dynasty. At that time, a lady Xu spent all her money to recruit troops in the south to help fight the Yuan army. After her husband's death, she still led the troops to fight in person, and she became the last lady of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, his imperial seal was not sealed in the Southern Song Dynasty, but was posthumously given to Mrs. Yipin by Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty to show his loyalty.
In addition to these people who are sealed by ability, there are also some people who are sealed by color? Upper position? Yes, for example, Wu Shun, the Korean wife of the Tang Dynasty. She was the wife of Yu Zhou who joined the army in Helan Anshi, and her mother was Wu Zetian's sister. When Wu Zetian established herself in the palace, this Wu Shun took her daughter Helan's home and frequented the Inner Palace, so both mother and daughter were favored by Tang Gaozong. Wu Shun was betrothed to Han as his wife before his death, and later to Zheng, and his daughter Helan was betrothed to Wei. Both mother and daughter are doomed to death, but Helan Anshi's original grade is not high, so she mixed up with a founding baron when she was alive and married after her death? Yin En? , gradually became a Korean male.
These are some special cases. The title of imperial edict lady is earned by her own efforts, and in most cases, a woman's imperial edict comes from her husband's credit. For example, the famous old lady Yang Jiajiang She has a prototype in history, that is, Yang Ye's wife. According to later inscriptions, Yang Ye's wife was actually surnamed? Fold? Because the pronunciation is similar, it was later passed on? Hey? .
Yang Ye, with his outstanding frontier defense experience, made great contributions to the Song Dynasty's resistance to the Khitan. After Yang Ye's martyrdom, he was posthumously awarded as Taiwei and our envoy of Datong Army. This Qiu was an honorary title in the early Song Dynasty, but his rank was already positive. Therefore, after Yang Ye's death, in order to appease his wife, the court named him Mrs. Erpin. But because of Yang Ye's death, Yang's son began to take the lead, so he couldn't be called his wife, so he finally got a Taijun wife from Zheng, where her Taijun came from.
Similarly, Cao Bin, the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty, made great contributions to the great cause of Zhao Kuangyin. After his death, he was named the secretariat of posthumous title and the king of Jiyang County, and posthumous title was named Wu Hui. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the county king was a first-class title. Do you think a foreign minister can get this title? Alien? Because foreign ministers are often awarded titles? Lord protector? This shows that the Northern Song Dynasty attached great importance to him. This gift is the best. What if you want to give grace again? Then he sealed his son and his wife, so he posthumously awarded his wife Gao as Mrs. Han, corresponding to the original of Cao Bin.
If all these are due to her husband's entrustment, then Cao Yin's mother is due to her son's entrustment. Historically, his father was Cao, and his wife was Kangxi's wet nurse. Kangxi was fostered in Cao family since childhood, and smallpox was cured in Cao family. This relationship enabled Cao family to be reused after Kangxi inherited the unification, but when Cao died young, his son became the biggest beneficiary and Kangxi's confidant. When Cao Yin was weaving in Jiangning, he helped Kangxi collect the movements of scholars in the south of the Yangtze River, and also helped him collect money from internal funds, so his favor became more and more prosperous.
At first, Cao Yin's mother Sun Shi just? Huang nanmu? Later, because Cao Yin handled affairs properly, Kangxi only gave Cao Yin two Huai Salt Department oil and water, and gave her mother Sun Shi's name, that is? Mrs. yipin? . Therefore, it is well-founded that Jia Mu in A Dream of Red Mansions was written as Mrs. Yipin, and she became one of the red scientists who studied Cao Xueqin's family? Evidence? . Therefore, there is a hidden rule in the wife's reward, that is, when a man can no longer give a gift, the gift will be given to his family first, to his son first, and then to his mother and wife. There are many reasons why this gift can't be given, such as being top-notch; Or human feelings are too concentrated in one, in order to avoid suspicion.
What about the last time in our history? Ma' am Has nothing to do with the above principles. Why? This woman's name is Wu Yun Todd, also known as Wang Yueying. Her husband is from the prairie? The last prince? And Genghis Khan's 32nd generation Sun Di? Chivowen? Borgikin? Yongren Nuoribu, also known as Qi Shiying. They got married in the summer of 1946, and Chiang Kai-shek married this dark cloud Todd according to the Regulations on Mongolian Treatment promulgated by Yuan Shikai. Ma' am The title, and allocate two hundred thousand yuan as a gift from the national government. Outer Mongolia had passed by then? A referendum? Declaring complete independence, Chiang Kai-shek's decree had a strong political purpose, and Wuyun Todd became the last lady in the history of our country.
Privilege of appointment by a lady
Then, the last lady who was killed said that her husband was killed on 1970. Little prince? After nine years, he regained his freedom. However, only four years later, the prince of Mongolia died. Wang Yueying was later restored as a national cadre, and successfully led the first batch of national cadres to issue pensions. This is the last one? Ma' am Privilege. From this point of view, Mrs. Chen has no privilege, but this is because she has entered a new society. In feudal society, Mrs. Chen's privileges were still great.
It is not difficult to see from the hierarchical division of imperial edict wives that their ranks correspond to different salaries. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the salary was quite high. For an official family, the imperial edict lady brought real income. In addition, in the social welfare after the Song Dynasty, women over 100 years old can apply to the government for the title of foreign woman, which also corresponds to the salary, although it is? /kloc-When you were 0/00 years old, you got the official seal of your first product? But for ordinary people's families, this is also a big income.
A wife officially sealed by the court has the right to participate in the internal activities of the court. Women who are generally pardoned by the imperial court can basically participate in sacrifices and celebrations held by the royal family. As an imperial concubine, Mrs. Yipin is more likely to be invited. She can attend banquets in the palace, have a chance to talk with empresses, and even recommend her own people to be female officials in the palace. In other words, Mrs. Yu has a better chance to participate? Wife diplomacy? There are many opportunities to integrate into the upper core circle. Therefore, Wu Shun, a Korean wife in the Tang Dynasty, can bring her daughter into Tang Gaozong's sight.
Since there is a power of attorney, this is a symbol of status, popular in feudal society? It is a privilege of status not to be punished by the scholar-officials. So is the imperial edict lady. When it comes to judicial proceedings, the emperor must first withdraw the imperial edict, and then she can enter the trial. This is easy to understand. Just like the reporting procedure in the Qing Dynasty, officials with official positions were demoted and removed according to the process before they could be investigated. For example, Nian Gengyao was demoted as a general in Hangzhou and then dismissed pending trial. This complete process was actually given to officials? Activities? Time. Imperial edict is the first umbrella of judicial procedure. Yang Yinglong in the southwest of Ming Dynasty was once scolded for executing his wife without authorization, because his wife was the first-class imperial edict of Emperor Wanli.
To sum up, the imperial edict of Mrs. Yipin refers to the first place in the foreign wife system, and there are different names in different periods. Generally speaking, this imperial edict is influenced by the husband or son. Their privileges are relatively large, as are the patent seals and pardon seals at all levels, but after the Song Dynasty, there was chaos, such as? Wives get a salary, concubines get a title? And then what? Anren 4 thousand, Aruren 2 thousand? The price tag clearly indicates. Therefore, not every sealed woman can fully enjoy the privilege. In the formal system of imperial forgiveness, point out? Break by ceremony? It's the right way.