About the concept of supply chain base? Or what is a supply chain base?

The concept of supply chain develops from the concept of extended production, and its supply chain extends and delays the production activities of enterprises. For example, Toyota's lean cooperation model in Japan regards the activities of suppliers as an organic part of production activities and controls and coordinates them, which is an extension of the past. Delay refers to the extension of production activities to the sales and service stages of products. Therefore, the supply chain is the interface between customers and suppliers through planning, acquisition, storage, distribution and service, so that enterprises can meet the needs of internal and external customers. The image definition [1] is a bit of an image. We can describe the supply chain as a leafy tree: the production enterprises form the roots; Exclusive agency is the main pole; Distributors are branches and treetops; The tree is full of green leaves and safflower, which is the end user; On the nodes of root and main pole, branch and pole, the common thread is information management system, which circulates again and again. The relationship between enterprises in supply chain is similar to the food chain in biology. In such a simple food chain as "a grass, a rabbit, a wolf and a lion" (for convenience of discussion, it is assumed that only these four creatures exist in this natural environment), if we kill all the rabbits, the grass will grow wildly, the wolf will starve to death because of the extinction of the rabbits, and even the most powerful lion will slowly starve to death because of the death of the wolf. It can be seen that every creature in the food chain is interdependent, and destroying any creature in the food chain will inevitably lead to the imbalance of this food chain and eventually destroy the ecological environment on which human beings depend. Similarly, in the supply chain "enterprise A- enterprise B- enterprise C", enterprise A is the raw material supplier of enterprise B, and enterprise C is the product seller of enterprise B. If enterprise B ignores the interdependence of various elements in the supply chain and pays too much attention to its own internal development, the ability to produce products is constantly improving, but if enterprise A can't provide him with raw materials in time, or the sales ability of enterprise C can't keep up with the development of enterprise B's product production ability, then we can draw the conclusion that enterprise B. Note: "Value chain" and supply chain are the same concept. There is also the so-called global logistics management mentioned, which is actually connected with the supply chain and has the same scope. The national standard "Logistics Terminology" defines it as a network chain structure formed by upstream and downstream enterprises that provide products or services to end users in the process of production and circulation! Edit this paragraph classification According to different classification standards, the supply chain can be divided into the following types. Different by scope: Internal supply chain refers to the supply and demand network composed of supply chains such as purchasing department, production department, storage department and sales department involved in the production and circulation of internal products. External supply chain refers to the supply and demand network composed of raw material suppliers, manufacturers, storage and transportation companies, retailers and final consumers who participate in the production and circulation of related products of enterprises. The relationship between internal supply chain and external supply chain: the two together constitute the supply chain of enterprise products from raw materials to finished products to consumers. It can be said that the internal supply chain is the contraction of the external supply chain. For example, the purchasing department of a manufacturer can be regarded as a supplier in an external supply chain. The only difference between them is that the scope of external supply chain is large, involving many enterprises, and the coordination between enterprises is more difficult. According to the difference of stability: according to the stability of supply chain, supply chain can be divided into stable supply chain and dynamic supply chain. The supply chain based on relatively stable and single market demand is more stable, while the supply chain based on relatively frequent changes and complex demand is more dynamic. In the actual management operation, it is necessary to change the composition of the supply chain according to the changing demand. According to the difference between production capacity and demand: according to the relationship between supply chain production capacity and user demand, it can be divided into balanced supply chain and inclined supply chain. A supply chain has a certain and relatively stable equipment capacity and production capacity (the collection of all node enterprises' capabilities, including suppliers, manufacturers, transporters, distributors, retailers, etc. ), but the needs of users are constantly changing. When the capacity of the supply chain can meet the needs of users, the supply chain is in a state of balance. However, when the market change intensifies, which leads to the increase of supply chain cost, inventory and waste, the enterprise is not operating in the optimal state, but the supply chain is in the optimal state. A balanced supply chain can achieve the balance between the main functions (procurement/low procurement cost, production/scale efficiency, distribution/low transportation cost, market/product diversification and rapid financial/capital operation). According to different functions: According to the functional modes of supply chain (physical function, market intermediary function and customer demand function), supply chain can be divided into two types: efficient supply chain and responsive supply chain. Effective supply chain mainly embodies the physical function of supply chain, that is, transforming raw materials into parts, semi-finished products, products and transportation in the supply chain at the lowest cost; Reactive supply chain mainly embodies the market intermediary function of supply chain, that is, distributing products to the market that meets users' needs and responding quickly to unforeseen needs; Innovative supply chain mainly embodies the customer demand function of supply chain, that is, according to the preference or fashion orientation of end consumers, the content and form of products are adjusted to meet the market demand. (The last three categories are classified according to the classification standard of Yibo Logistics Consulting Company in 2009) According to the different status of enterprises: According to the different status of enterprises in the supply chain, the supply chain can be divided into leader supply chain and non-leader supply chain. Leading supply chain refers to the node enterprise of a member in the supply chain, which occupies a dominant position in the whole supply chain and has strong radiation ability and attraction to other members. It is usually called core enterprise or leading enterprise. For example, Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., a manufacturer-centered supply chain. Supply chain centered on middlemen-China Tobacco System and Hongfeng Company. Retailer-centered supply chain-Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Non-alliance supply chain means that the status of enterprises in the supply chain is not far apart, and they are equally important to the supply chain.