In the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), Liu He, Weng Tonghe and Yixing Ren Daorong (1823- 1906) all passed the examination of selecting outstanding students (scholars). Weng Tong? Ranked first.
The Eight Palaces customized every year were selected by Zheng Xue through "scientific research". * * * Try two games and hand in the papers on the same day. Try two books in the first game, one scripture and one in the second game, make a strategy, judge one and write a poem with five words and eight rhymes. It is more laborious for Ba Gong to try only four books and five classics poems after the provincial examination and the unified examination. And besides articles, there is also calligraphy, which is no different from the court exam.
Therefore, in the imperial examination era, the word "precious" was often used to describe the tribute. Some people joked that La Tribute is precious because it takes three years to produce a champion and 12 years to produce a La Tribute. Hachi was also born in the right direction. Those who come to Beijing for a second interview can be awarded seven Beijing officials or released to the magistrate. But after all, Hanlin is a place to store talents, so unless you are old and eager to be an official, you will still take the provincial exam.
The three young Pakistanis are in high spirits. They often learn from each other and become best friends.
In the thirty years of Daoguang, the three of them went north to test Korean together. At that time, Emperor Xianfeng had ascended the throne, and Weng Xincun was appointed as the deputy director of the record museum. In June, the right assistant minister of the transfer department was also in charge of the affairs of the Millennium Development Hall. Weng Xincun warned Weng Tonghe:
Liu Shaoqing's family history has its origins. It was Weng Zunqing, a scholar in those days, who was sensible and read thousands of books. Since Han Shi said that WenSao had captured all the masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, but only a subset of them, he ignored their fences and judged their olympiad. Therefore, its roots are deep, its writing is a master, its voice is like the sound of a stone, and Zhong You's instrument is the north and south of the great river, pushing the old hands in groups. Every time I say it from top to bottom, I often admire it deeply. I only cherish a few strange thorns and recommend them repeatedly. I just finished my association with the Ming Dynasty, and I almost want to stay a little longer, waiting for Shao Qing to express its implication.
Sure enough, this time Liu He was ranked first in the court trial and was elected as a scribe, that is, the clerk in charge of copying. Weng Tonghe ranked first, fifth and first in the second interview. He was assigned to the punishment department and walked in Jiangxi.
At this time, Liu He stayed in Beijing, waiting for the provincial examination in Sunchon. During his three years in Beijing, he made friends with celebrities at home and abroad. He is good at linguistics. Anyone who asks for advice at home can always explain the source and source of the text. Wang Fagui, the minister of does, asked Liu He to be his private school teacher. I have questions about history and often ask Liu He for advice. At that time, he had many fans, including Chen Liangchou, Yin and others.
In a blink of an eye, in August of the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Shuntian had passed the provincial examination, and Liu He, Weng Tonghe and Ren Daorong all went to high school smoothly. Liu He ranked third, and Weng Tonghe ranked 27th. The exam will wait until next spring, when many people are very optimistic about Liu He. Chen Liangchou said: This talent is also for sale. He will come to Dingke to be the leader of the Nangong. Liu He himself is full of ambition. Unexpectedly, the news of his father Liu Taizhan's death came from his hometown, and Liu He hurried back to Jingjiang to attend the funeral. According to etiquette, he must be in mourning for three years before he can take the imperial examination. In this way, he missed Xianfeng's three-year exam. This year, Chen Liangchou was admitted to Jinshi, ranking fifth in Dimethyl.
In the mourning of Liu and Jingjiang, we learned three things about him.
One is to participate in Xianfeng's compilation of Jingjiang County Records. Xianfeng was founded in the winter of the 19th year of Daoguang (183 1), but it was delayed for some reason. In the fifth year of Xianfeng, Pan Quan, a scholar, took the lead in compiling, and Liu He "published Jiangyin County Records for reference."
Second, in the fourth year of Xianfeng, in order to fulfill his father's last wish, he initiated a donation to build the Wang Yue Temple on the east side of Sanmao Palace in Jingjiang.
Third, I once worked as a disciple in Jiangyin Library. The most famous disciple is Miao Sunquan, the first of the "Four Great Talents in Qing Dynasty".
Miao Sunquan (1844- 19 19), also known as Xiaoshan, is from Camus Village, Shengang Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. China is a modern bibliophile, collator, educator, bibliographer, historian, local chronicler and epigrapher. He is the founder of China Modern Library and one of the pioneers of modern education in China.
Regarding Miao's study in Liuhe, Feng Xu's "Epitaph of Liu Shaonong's Asbo and Zhu Taiyide" states: Colleague Miao and Mr. Zhu are high-ranking brothers and have friendship with each other. After meeting, they said: Soviet classics can be passed on to children, and Komatsu history does not allow brothers.
Feng Xu, a native of Jintan, was a famous poet who explored flowers in the 12th year of Guangxu reign (1886). He once edited "Jiangsu Tongzhi Draft" with Miao, so he was called "colleague". Liu Ying's son Liu Wei? That is, one of the editors of the interview with Jingjiang, Jiangsu Tongzhi.
Ren Daorong also said in Liu Tongnian's Shao Qingchuan that Miao is the highest disciple of the editor-in-chief.
Liu He coached Miao, that is, when he returned to Jingjiang during his father's death. At that time, Miao was still a child of about ten years old.
However, Miao Quansun's self-made Chronicle of Old People's Artistic Styles says: Xianfeng studied under his brother Mr. Orpheus for three to five years, during which he studied under his uncle Miao Chongxi to write exam-oriented poems, without mentioning that he studied under Liu He.
But Liu He did move around Jiangyin at this time. Xu Qian, a native of Wuxi, recalled that he returned to his hometown five years after taking the rural examination in Shuntian and met Liu He in Jiangyin. Has Liu He ever made a guest appearance in Mr. Miao's private school?
In the spring of the sixth year of Xianfeng, Liu He and Xu Qian went to Beijing to take the exam together. I didn't expect to encounter heavy snow on the road, and the fatigue and cold of the journey caused lung disease. On the eighth day of March, before he recovered, he entered Shuntianfu Gong Yuan in the west corner of the capital to take the exam.
(3)
Yue Hua is like water, close to the sea of rocks, worrying about Weng Tong? Finally heard his name, sixty-three. This achievement is not as good as he expected, but compared with the expectation behind him, he feels lucky. People who are still waiting have lit lanterns, and the moonlight and lights make the streets look like day. Weng Tong? Suddenly I caught a glimpse of a familiar face, but I had to look for it again, drowned in the crowd and never saw it again. It's him, Liu Shaoqing. It's been three years. He looks haggard. Weng Tong? After searching for a long time, I still couldn't find Liu He. Urged by the servant, he left somewhat frustrated.
The roll call won't end until dawn. Liu didn't hear his name, so he failed the list. He wandered in the street at the entrance of Liulichang, and his thin and lonely figure was fixed in the depths of the long river of history.
On April 26th, Emperor Xianfeng read in Zhonghe Temple: First-class Jinshi, first-class Weng Tonghe. Weng Tonghe, the 27-year-old champion of the new department, resisted the surge of his heart and knelt down to the left of the imperial road under the guidance of the official of the temple. Later, Weng Tong? He was promoted to a higher position and made a fortune, and was awarded a book by the Hanlin Academy. He served as an imperial envoy of Tongzhi and Guangxu generations, and served as an official, criminal officer, minister of industry, co-organizer of university students, minister of military aircraft, and minister of state affairs of prime minister. , become an all-powerful figure in the modern history of China.
Since ancient times, the title of science and technology has not been defined. In terms of knowledge and talent, Liu probably shouldn't lose to Weng's family, but the goddess of fate seems to particularly favor Weng's family in Changshu, deliberately leaving frustration and pain to Jingjiang Liu. Man proposes, God disposes. Faced with a surly fate, people are sometimes really helpless and powerless.
Almost at the time of the spread of Jindian, Liu fell ill in his apartment in Beijing-Wuxian Temple. He has a strong body, but the cold and the blow of falling out of the list finally defeated the ambitious young man. He was lying in the hospital bed, weak with anger. Although many famous doctors were invited for treatment, Liu He's lung disease has not improved, so from summer to autumn, on the eighth day of September, the day before the Double Ninth Festival, Liu He passed away with a grudge, at the age of 29.
(4)
Liu He's funeral was undertaken by Jiangyin Cao, Wujin Liu Hanqing and Yang Chuandi who were in Beijing at that time. On the first day of October, Sha Sheng, a servant of the Liu family, supported Liu He's coffin and set foot on the road to his hometown.
After Liu He's death, he left two volumes of poems hidden in Yang Chuandi's place. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), Xu Qian went to Beijing. Yang Chuandi negotiated with Chen Liangchou to publish Liu He's posthumous work, and handed over the Poems of Liu He to Xu Qian for proofreading. Soon, Chen Liangchou worked as a political scholar in Yunnan and left the capital. Yang Chuandi followed Huang Zantang, the river chief, to Kaifeng, Henan Province, and the publication had to be shelved. More than a year later, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom peasant army captured Jiangnan, and Chen Liangchou, Yang Chuandi and Xu Qian all encountered family difficulties. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Yang Chuandi became the magistrate of Kaifeng, and he took his mother to his post. Before the man arrived in Kaifeng, Nianjun had already besieged the city, and his mother was scared to death. Yang Chuandi felt sorry for himself and committed suicide by taking poison. After the Taiping Army retreated to southern Jiangsu, Xu Qian returned to his hometown with Liu He's manuscript. On the way home, Xu Qian was filled with emotion and wrote the Preface to Poems of a Beautiful Mountain Residence, in which he said: Liu He is full of sound and emotion. If he were still alive, I don't know how to lament the fate of us people. Fortunately, he doesn't know. Burning the midnight oil to read Liu He's posthumous work, I feel dejected, and my heart can't be calm for a long time.
According to Ren Daorong's Biography of Liu Shaoqing in the same year, after Liu He's death, Shi Zao, a native of Liyang, collected Liu He's posthumous works, persimmon leaf research poems and manuscripts of Qingli Mountain House. After Yang Sisun's collation, more than 100 of them were selected as the preface.
"persimmon leaf collection", also known as "persimmon leaf collection", contains the poems written by Liu He during the twenty years (1840) to the thirty years. According to Liu He's preface, in the past ten years, he has written 259 poems which are almost archaic. In the first month of the first year of Xianfeng, he chose "A little self-cooked" and copied it into a poem, which was compiled as "Poetry in the Persimmon Study".
Poem of Mountain House in Qingli is prefaced by Ni of Changzhou Yong Lian Office and edited by Liu Hejia. This episode is included in Liu's "Summary of the Continuation of Sikuquanshu", a total of six volumes. This collection of poems is also included in Wu Zuocheng's Supplement to the Literary Records of the Qing Dynasty, Collected Works and Other Collections.
Poems of Qingli Mountain Residence has been lost today. Fortunately, Liu's abstract contains some information and heritage of Liu He, which is recorded as follows:
Yang Chuandi's command:
Young and frivolous, young and enlightened, weak and good at writing. Sexually active, no worldly travel. Bing Chen will try to report it and died in the capital at the age of 29. In the prime of life, scholars cherish it.
Fu Xindian's poems: Daoguang (twenty-four years, 1844), Changzhou magistrate Yu Zuo, read the examination paper, and got Jingjiang and. One day, it was said that the prefect would take it to win the title of a city. Bing Chen (six years of Xianfeng, 1856), the imperial capital, can't help but feel embarrassed when he is ill? Heartbroken. Read his poems. Love early, catch up with Bai Yuan and follow in the footsteps of Mr. Yang Rong. "Gongci" says: "The Han Palace is full of weaver girls, waiting for you?" Jesus Christ. ""There are many yellow people in Xijing, but few talents in the south. " "The songs of the red phoenix spread to Yuefu, and the news of Qingluan asked Xianxiang." "Wu Xia golden silkworm seven female dragons, nakano bronze finch Wang Weitai. "Extract a few links to see a point.
Liu commented:
They all have great expectations for what the two schools say. So far, I am not ashamed to comment on Shao Qing's poems. However, You Gong's legal system ... has strict rules and neat antithesis, and Yun Ci belongs to wide sentence meaning, and its impassioned place, especially its profundity, is incomparable in ancient and modern times. If you die of wealth, you won't get talent, otherwise more people will be impressed.
Very high evaluation.
In Qing Dynasty, Fu's poetry anthology, Zheng's Poems of Chanting for the Huai Dynasty, has a total volume of 100, including Liu He's 9 1 volume, including his six seven-rhythm poems, including Epitaph of Zhangzi, Ode to a Lecture Room by Gao Zhongxian, No Worship to Ya Temple in Zouxian County, Two Feelings and Cool. In addition, Xianfeng's Jingjiang County Records also includes four poems and five quatrains from Liu He's Visit to Wang Yue Temple and five quatrains from Lonely Mountain. The manuscript of Interview with Jingjiang in Tongzhi County, Jiangsu Province preserved Liu He's Poems on Persimmon Leaves in the Study Room, Two Methods of Li Nongshan's Poems, and Poems for Mr. Xin Ru. From these posthumous works, we can probably appreciate Liu He's literary talent. And recorded its "Tomb Inscription of Ji Zi" as follows:
Qiyang moved to northern Fujian and fainted. Tadpoles only exist here.
The northern envoy used to see Lu Yue, while the southern envoy promised to see Wumen.
Yu Ling is a thousand-year-old figure, and all books in the world are respected.
Raising a pen in the graveyard from a distance may win a blog and arouse the soul.
(5)
When Liu He died in Beijing, it was the birthday of his second brother Liu Ying (182 1- 1902). From then on, Liu Ying never mentioned his birthday again. When the coffin arrived in Jingjiang, Liu He's widow, Shen Shi, and her only son, Liu Tingfu, caressed the coffin and cried for land, and fainted several times.
Since then, the life of orphans and widows has been taken care of by Liu Ying and his cousin Liu Su. Liu Su (1832- 1888), with the prefix Sheng Di. He lived in Shipi Lane in the city and lived in Tongzhi for twelve years (1873). "Mr battle righteousness fondle solitary, do the duty of protection, for decades, anyone who infringes on rights, will courageously die in his backyard, how? Li Si became a scholar and the gentleman was relieved. "
Liu Tingyi (185 1- 1904), whose real name is jing xing, is from Zhuoyuan. When Liu He died, Liu Tingyi was 6 years old. He is gifted and intelligent, and has been instructed by famous teachers since childhood, including Confucian classics, poetry, calligraphy and painting. His father's posthumous poem "Mountain House in Qingli" is also his model, and he often recites it. His martial arts is still good, and he is a master of martial arts. Guangxu two years (1876), really lived up to expectations, and passed the exam. Guangxu nine years (1883), finally realized the dream of my grandfather and father, and was admitted to the scholar at the age of 32. He was also the last Jinshi in Jingjiang history.
In March of the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Liu Ting? Signed by the official department as the magistrate of Guidong County, Hunan Province. Guidong is located in a remote place. Liu Tingyi applied to the official department for a nearby place on the grounds that her mother was old and needed care. Maybe, Liu Ting? He was appointed as the magistrate of Yucheng County, Guide County, Henan Province.
Since then, Liu Tingyi has also served as county magistrate in hua county and Songxian. During his tenure, he spared no effort to crack down on theft. Although Liu Tingyi is brilliant, she has a Geng Jie temperament and is not good at dealing with interpersonal relationships, which is probably caused by a single-parent family. He lived a clean life, refused to go with the flow, and was often hated by other officials. The working environment is bound by hands and feet, and Liu Tingyi is depressed. Soon, his mother Shen Shi died, so he resigned and returned to his hometown.
After all, Liu Tingyi was born as a scholar and worked as a magistrate. At that time, the county magistrate of Jingjiang County also needed to rely on his reputation, so he was hired as the director of Dong Xian County. Liu Tingyi is conscientious and responsible in her work. He advocated building Confucius Temple, dredging rivers and helping the victims, and tried his best not to be corrupt, so the people he worked with secretly restrained him. After Liu Tingyi noticed it, he was furious and soon fell ill and died.
Liu Tingyi studied the poems of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian and wrote Jian Xiao Shi Chao. His seven laws "Eight Poems of Autumn Feeling" are included in the interview manuscript of Jingjiang, Tongzhi, Jiangsu Province, which should have been written in Guangxu for about ten years, while waiting for the official department to arrange duties in Beijing. This is the only work we can see today. This group of poems is full of worries about the future, dissatisfaction with the present situation and homesickness. And select a record below:
Everything goes against Chang 'an, and the autumn wind deceives customers and exposes their clothes.
When the lights are red, the insects talk, and when the leaves are yellow, the geese don't return.
The letter of the country is broken, and the door is silent, so it is rare for an old friend.
Needless to say, ups and downs, don't ask Junping right or wrong.
Liu Tingyi amused himself with calligraphy and painting in his later years. "Calligraphy Jin Tang, flowers and birds, can stand on its own feet. The people of Li Chao are still treasured. "
At present, there are three paintings and calligraphy works of Liu Tingyi circulating on the Internet, but I don't know whether they are true or false. The first one is a landscape fan, the second one is a four-screen flower and bird, and the third one is a round fan painted with silk birds and sprinkled with gold powder. If these three paintings are authentic, they are precious documents of Jingjiang history and culture. Liu Ting? It doesn't matter if the official position is not high, and the price of calligraphy and painting works will not be very high. People of insight in their hometown should find ways to buy them back and keep them.
(6)
In the summer of the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), he served as the governor of Hedong in the River Supervision Department west of the Confucian Temple in Kaifeng, Henan. I was discussing with my aides the flood control in the Yellow River flood season this year, when a servant came in and reported that Liu Tingyi, the magistrate of Huaxian County, requested an audience. Ren Daorong told the living room to watch tea.
Ren Daorong finished his official business, put on his official clothes and went to the living room to meet Liu Tingyi, who had been waiting for a long time.
After the ceremony, Liu Tingyi came straight to the point and said, "Knowing that Emperor Tai was my father's friend before his death, I came to ask you to make a biography for my father." .
Ren Daorong hurriedly asked, who is your father?
Liu Tingyi replied: Beizhi is from Jingjiang, and his father's name is Liu He and his father's name is Shao Qing. I wonder if adults in Taiwan Province can remember?
Ren Daorong was stunned. With the disputes in officialdom, the tedious business and the passage of time, those infinitely beautiful youth years have already sunk into the depths of memory, and there is no time and mood to sort them out, but now they are awakened by this deja vu young man.
Late at night, 75-year-old Ren Daorong recalled the past and wrote "The Biography of Liu Shaoqing". In his biography, he recalled that forty-six years ago, in the thirty years of Daoguang, he went to Beijing with Liu He and Weng Tonghe to participate in the Lagong Imperial Examination. "Remember the young and make friends, and enjoy elegance every day."
At this time, Weng Tonghe has become a minister of military aircraft, and together with the Prince Taibao, he has given his eyes a flower feather, which can be described as a very human minister.
Ren Daorong himself was appointed as the political envoy of Zhejiang in September of Guangxu nine years, and was demoted as a Taoist priest. Since then, he has been living at home until last year.
And Liu He has been dead for forty years!
If Liu He hadn't received the news of his father's death in the autumn of Xianfeng, and was in the third place in the rural examination of Shuntian at that time, he might not win the championship next spring. If in the spring of the sixth year of Xianfeng, Liu He did not encounter heavy snow on his way to Beijing in a hurry, and occasionally caught cold, which led to pneumonia and affected his performance, he should also be admitted this year. What about Weng Tong in the Golden Temple? Winning the first place will never be so easy. If the holiday lasts for several years, it is not difficult for Liu He to adjust his mind, recuperate his body and take the next exam. With his talent, like Weng in China's modern history? , Ren Dao? It is not impossible for generations to compete for a position. But history never admits the hypothesis, and the turning point of fate was doomed when Liu He received the letter of his father's death. The cruelty of life, in general. What can we say except sigh and sigh?