First, the materialist view.
Any decision made by psychological counseling, whether diagnosis or counseling, must be based on facts and have strict scientific regulations, and patients cannot be guided by personal experience or blind trust in psychology.
Second, the concept of universal connection.
Psychological counselors must be able to grasp the essence of things in the relationship between many things. Only in this way can we conduct a comprehensive investigation and systematic analysis of the psychological problems of the seekers. When sorting out data, forming diagnosis, determining consulting objectives, formulating consulting plans and implementing consulting plans, we must grasp the internal relations among various elements, not only consider the mutual restriction and influence of psychological, physiological and social factors, but also comprehensively use various consulting methods to make consulting work accurate and effective and prevent or overcome one-sidedness in consulting work.
The concept of universal contact in psychological counseling has multiple meanings:
1. Concept of physical and mental integration
2. The view that psychological, physiological and social factors interact.
3. Holism
Third, restrictive views.
Psychological counseling is a limited professional activity. Various settings specified in the consultation are necessary conditions to ensure the success of the consultation.
1. limitation of liability of consultants
The professional responsibilities of consultants are not unlimited. The duties of psychological counselors are limited by psychological counseling tasks. The task of psychological counseling is only to solve the psychological problems themselves, not including the specific events that cause psychological problems. In other words, don't interfere or help the helper solve any specific problems in life.
2. Time limit
Psychological counseling must abide by certain time limits. The consultation time is generally set at 50 minutes to 60 minutes each time (the initial consultation can be extended appropriately), and the interval between two consultations is generally one week.
Of course, the time limit for each consultation is not absolutely rigid. According to the psychological characteristics, age and nature of the problem, the number or frequency of consultation can be adjusted appropriately, and the specific situation is decided by the consultant and the party through consultation.
The consulting relationship is also very limited. After the negotiation, the negotiation relationship is terminated, and we can no longer continue to communicate in the name of "friend" relationship.
3. Emotional restrictions
The so-called emotional restriction means that the counselor's job should be to help the helper grow up, not to take the opportunity to satisfy his own desires or curiosity, and not to establish other relationships with the helper except the capital-visit relationship. Because the establishment of dual relationship will hinder the process of consultation, and even disintegrate the relationship between capital and interview, which is not conducive to the problem solving and personal growth of help seekers.
In the process of consultation, counselors should always observe their own emotional changes and make timely adjustments to ensure the smooth progress of consultation.
Psychological counseling prohibits counselors and help seekers from conducting any counseling activities outside the counseling room.
4. Limitations of consulting objectives
The goal of psychological counseling must be determined according to the nature of psychological problems or psychological obstacles, the complexity of counseling and the personal practical ability of counselors. It's not arbitrary. Specifically, it includes the following two aspects:
(1) The goal of psychological counseling can only target the psychological problems of the clients. If the client has several psychological problems at the same time, it is necessary to set an overall goal and several local goals. At the same time, only one (or one) psychological problem can be locked as a local counseling goal.
(2) At all stages of psychological counseling and at the end of counseling, the degree of solving psychological problems is limited. In other words, the expectation of the consulting effect should be neither too conservative nor too radical, and a more appropriate evaluation must be made according to the actual situation.
When consulting, it is necessary to reach an agreement with the consultant on the consulting objectives, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the consultation.
Fourth, the development concept of the unity of history, logic and reality.
Consultants should use this way of thinking in the consultation process in at least two cases.
First, the counselor at the beginning of psychological counseling.
Secondly, in the process of psychological self-boasting, psychological counselors must treat visitors with a developmental perspective and believe that visitors have the ability and resources to change themselves.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) neutral attitude
The neutral attitude of psychological counseling means that the counselor understands the problem, confusion and situation of the helper from the perspective of the helper, and at the same time does not evaluate or mix personal emotions and opinions.