Chinese name
Biochemical industry
Foreign name
Chemical and biological engineering
doctor's degree
Research scope
Biological separation engineering
course
Advanced Applied Mathematics in Basic Theory Course
The investment profit rate of developing biotechnology industry is as high as 17.6%, which is twice that of information industry. In the past ten years, the output value of global biotechnology industry has increased fivefold every three years. After long-term development, China's biochemical industry has a certain foundation, especially after the reform and opening up, the development of biochemical industry has entered a new stage.
Compared with the traditional chemical industry, the development of biochemical industry has obvious advantages, and the state attaches great importance to the development of biochemical industry, especially in biochemical technology. China's "863" and "973" plans have included biotechnology in key funding areas, and the pace of biochemical industrialization has accelerated, and the biochemical industry has developed well. Xiang Jun analyzed that in the future, 20%-30% of chemical processes in the chemical field will be replaced by biotechnology processes, and biotechnology industry will become one of the leading industries in 2 1 century, and biochemical industry will become an important chemical industry in 2 1 century.
It is believed that there are many enterprises engaged in biochemistry because of its wide coverage and many industries. Although the number of biochemical enterprises has been greatly reduced due to the increasingly fierce competition in the industry, compared with the fragmented situation of life sciences (mainly medicine and agricultural biochemical technology), the biochemical industry is still full of flowers and a hundred schools of thought contend. There are world-class companies engaged in life sciences such as Novartis and Jielikang, large fine chemical companies such as DSM and Novo Nordisk, and of course, small companies with expertise in a certain field such as Autes. Moreover, with the world's major companies turning their attention to life sciences, the situation of the biochemical industry will not change much for a long time.
The annual sales of global biochemical industry is about 40 billion dollars, with an annual growth rate of about 8%- 10%. From the perspective of product structure, the production scale in the biochemical field is very extensive. The annual market demand for expensive products such as interferon and erythropoietin is only kilograms, which is almost equivalent to the low-priced products such as antibiotics, enzyme preparations, food and feed additives, daily use and agricultural biochemical products with an annual demand of more than 10,000 tons. Specifically, the market share of high-priced products is 50%-60%, and the market share of low-priced products is 40%-50%. Moreover, according to the development trend of biochemistry and people's concern for medical health, the development speed of high-priced products is higher than that of low-priced products.
Biochemistry involves a wide range, and many biochemical companies have their own specialties, and cooperation for commercial interests is also very active. In addition, with the participation of manufacturers engaged in traditional industries, due to technical and production reasons, they also cooperate frequently with enterprises engaged in biochemical development and production. All these make the cooperation of biochemical industry more and more extensive.
Biochemical engineering is a subject based on experimental research, with equal emphasis on theory and engineering application. It combines the theories of genetic engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering and engineering technology, and realizes the target product of biological process through engineering research, process design and operation optimization and control. So it plays an important role in biotechnology. This subject is also an important part of biotechnology, which will play a positive role in solving major problems faced by human beings such as resources, energy, food, health and environment.
The discipline of biochemical engineering began during the Second World War, marked by the deep fermentation of antibiotics and the research of large-scale production technology. From the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, the development and research of transgenic technology, biocatalysis and transformation technology, animal and plant cell culture technology, new bioreactor and new biological separation technology were successful, which made the discipline enter a new development period and gradually improved the discipline system. In the late 20th century, the rapid rise of high-tech represented by genetic engineering opened up a new field for the further development of this discipline.
Training objective 1. A doctor's degree should have a solid and extensive theoretical foundation, experimental knowledge and broad academic vision, have a systematic and in-depth understanding of the present situation, development trend and research frontier of this discipline and related disciplines such as chemistry, biology and chemical engineering, and be able to skillfully master and creatively apply theoretical analysis methods, experimental research methods and computer technology of this discipline. The ability to independently engage in scientific research in this discipline. Master at least one foreign language, be proficient in reading foreign language materials of this major, and have certain writing ability and international academic exchange ability. Be competent for teaching, scientific research or technical management in institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes and enterprises.
2. The master should have a systematic theoretical basis and experimental knowledge of biochemistry. Understand the present situation and development trend of this discipline and some related disciplines such as chemistry, biology and chemical engineering. Master the modern experimental skills, research methods and computer technology of this subject, and have the scientific research ability in biochemistry. Proficient in a foreign language, and can read the foreign language materials of this major. Can undertake teaching, scientific research and technical management in institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises.
Business research scope The main research directions of biochemical engineering include biological reaction and reactor engineering, biological separation engineering, biological processing technology, animal and plant cell culture engineering, biological process detection and control, biopharmaceutical engineering, etc.
Curriculum (1) Doctoral degree
Basic theory course: advanced applied mathematics. Specialized courses: frontier of biochemical engineering and other related courses.
(2) Master's degree
Basic theoretical courses: applied mathematics, computer technology, cell physiology and genetics, advanced biochemistry, transmission phenomena.
Specialized courses: biological reaction and reactor theory, biological separation engineering, technical economy of biochemical process; Courses set according to specific research directions.
The main related disciplines are biology, chemistry, pharmacy, environmental science and engineering, plant protection and application of agricultural resources, control science and engineering, as well as food science, fermentation engineering and bioengineering.
Development Prospect Bioenergy has always been an important energy source for human survival. It is the fourth largest energy source in the world after coal, oil and natural gas, and occupies an important position in the whole energy system. Experts estimate that biomass energy is very likely to become an integral part of the future sustainable energy system. By the middle of the next century, all kinds of biomass alternative fuels produced by new technologies will account for more than 40% of the global total energy consumption.
At present, energy shortage and environmental protection are increasingly becoming the main bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of China's economy, and it is urgent to build a stable, economical, clean and safe energy supply system. Therefore, the choice of supplementary alternative energy is imperative.
The annual biomass energy produced by photosynthesis in the world is about 5 billion tons, of which only 1% is used as energy, but it has already provided 14% of energy for the world. Biomass energy utilization mainly includes biomass power generation and biofuel. In terms of biomass power generation, it is mainly direct-fired power generation and advanced small gas turbine combined cycle power generation. Biofuel refers to petroleum alternative energy produced by biological resources, including bioethanol, biodiesel, ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether), biogas, bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether.
Most foreign biomass energy technologies and devices have achieved large-scale industrial operation. The United States, Sweden and Austria have reached a considerable scale in the utilization of biomass to high-grade energy, accounting for 4%, 65,438+06% and 65,438+00% of the national primary energy consumption respectively.
Biomass energy utilization technologies mainly include direct combustion, biochemical transformation and thermochemical transformation. Cooking stoves are widely used in many rural areas, and the combustion heat efficiency of boilers is high, which can reach more than 90% when cogeneration is carried out. Biochemical transformation mainly refers to anaerobic fermentation and biological enzyme technology, which decomposes non-solid biomass such as industrial organic waste liquid and human and animal manure into biogas; Biological enzyme technology is to convert biomass into ethanol.
Compared with traditional fossil energy, biomass energy is renewable, low pollution, widely distributed and rich in reserves. Biomass is a renewable resource, which can be regenerated by photosynthesis of plants. It is also a renewable energy source like wind and solar energy. It is rich in resources and can ensure the sustainable utilization of energy. Biomass has low sulfur content and nitrogen content, and produces less SOX and NOX during combustion, which effectively reduces the greenhouse effect. Biomass energy is abundant. According to experts' estimation, the earth's land produces 1000- 125 billion tons of biomass every year. The ocean produces 50 billion tons of biomass every year. The annual output of biomass energy far exceeds the total energy demand in the world, which is equivalent to 10 times of the total energy consumption in the world.
If you have questions about the self-taught/adult-taught exams, and don't know how to summarize the contents of the test sites for self-taught/adult-taught exams, and don't know the local policies for registering for self-taught/adult-taught exams, click on the bottom to consult official website and get the review materials for free: /xl/