Chapter 1: Approaching the inner world of migrant workers.
Chapter 2: Don't be carried away by anger when you owe money.
Chapter III: Behind the pursuit of luxury goods.
What kind of group are migrant workers? They live in the city, but they are not accepted by the city. Many people will even encounter such things as unpaid wages. The psychological problems of migrant workers have risen to the point where we must pay attention to them.
Approaching the inner world of migrant workers
With the improvement of rural production efficiency and the acceleration of urban construction, a large number of rural laborers have flooded into cities to engage in construction, service, manufacturing and other industries, thus forming a special group of "migrant workers" who only have rural household registration but have left the countryside for a long time to work in cities.
According to the report of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2009, the total number of migrant workers in China reached 229.78 million. Most of them are young and middle-aged, with low education level, long working hours, low income level and poor social security. Such a fast-growing and huge team, while playing the role of a new force in urban construction, is also facing pressure from personal development, working environment, social life and other aspects. Whether their mental health is related to the harmonious development of the whole society is related to the happiness of migrant workers as important members of society.
Migrant workers also have special psychological resources.
Although the overall mental health of migrant workers as a leopard group is worrying, it should be noted that migrant workers themselves also have some positive and healthy psychological resources, which can help them cope with the pressure of life and keep their inner peace, and their protective role can not be ignored.
Some researchers pointed out that compared with the national average, migrant workers are more diligent and thrifty; In the face of problems, we should take more positive coping styles such as thinking and solving, and less negative coping styles such as avoiding, waiting and imagining. I have to say that the health potential of migrant workers has made us see the bright side.
In the Internet age, we constantly see "popularization" cases in which migrant workers at the bottom of society actively face life and change their destiny. For example, the rising sun masculine and Xidan girl persisted in their ideals, overcame difficulties, and finally embarked on the Avenue of Stars. The New Workers' Art Troupe sang for labor, helped each other and cooperated with each other, and promoted the comprehensive promotion of the social, cultural and educational rights and interests of migrant workers. A garbage-collecting grandmother with no education, low income and insecurity became a young child with the ordinary conscience of a "nobody".
Of course, the mental health challenges faced by migrant workers are the main ones, and the solution of these problems depends on their own efforts and the improvement of social environment. Special attention should be paid to sensitive groups and vulnerable groups, so that they can have more psychological counseling channels and be accompanied by loving souls. At the same time, the efforts and positive response of migrant workers also let us see their healthy sunshine. Perhaps the psychological potential of migrant workers themselves is the real effective medicine for them.
A summary of psychological problems of migrant workers
In recent years, the mental health or spiritual happiness of migrant workers, a special group, has attracted the attention of all walks of life. The psychological troubles of migrant workers and various social problems caused by them have attracted the attention of government departments, especially the new generation of migrant workers, who are composed of the post-80 s and post-90 s, have higher requirements for spiritual life than the older generation and are more brave in expressing their inner feelings. When they encounter discomfort, they will show their loss or anger more strongly, and even express their dissatisfaction in extreme forms such as suicide and robbery. The mental health problems of the new generation of migrant workers have attracted the attention of researchers and been widely discussed.
Domestic researchers use SCL-90 as a research tool to investigate in Qiqihar, Chongqing and Haikou. The results show that many psychological symptoms of migrant workers, such as depression, anxiety and compulsion, are higher than the national average level of adults, and some migrant workers have more serious negative psychological symptoms than those of farmers who stay in the countryside.
Migrant workers are a broad label. In the reports and discussions on the mental health of migrant workers, we often see their sexual orientation first. But in fact, there are many small groups, and the situation is different and cannot be summarized. For example, among migrant workers, female workers are very special. Their education level is generally lower than that of boys, and the proportion of taking their parents and children out to live is higher. Coupled with its physical and psychological particularity, female workers often face greater pressure and even social discrimination.
Many studies show that the mental health level of female migrant workers is lower than that of male migrant workers, especially the psychological symptoms such as interpersonal sensitivity, terror and depression are stronger than that of men, and their life satisfaction is lower than that of men. Therefore, the mental health of female migrant workers needs more attention from the society.
Many other factors, such as marital status, education level, income, industry and so on. It has an impact on the mental health of migrant workers. A study in 2005 found that compared with the older traditional migrant workers, the new generation of migrant workers aged 20-29 felt more pressure on value respect and rights protection, and they were deeply dissatisfied with this. Married migrant workers' psychological problems are obviously less than those of unmarried people, and they feel more positive emotions than unmarried people. It can be seen that marriage can promote the mental health of migrant workers.
There are many reasons for the distress of migrant workers, and their psychological pressure comes from a wide range. According to a survey in Huzhou in 2005, migrant workers believe that their psychological pressure mainly comes from the protection of rights and interests, economic burden, workload and urban adaptation. A survey in Zhejiang Province in 2005 found that 83.29% of the respondents thought that their children's education was the most worrying issue when they went out to work. 50.29% of the respondents complained that their income was too low and they were not satisfied with the distribution system of equal pay for equal work; 4 1.27% of the respondents felt "emotional emptiness", and 82.5438+0% of the respondents were unmarried, mostly male and married.
Don't be carried away by anger when you owe money.
I have nothing now! A 40-year-old man, unmarried, has been in prison and is discriminated against when he goes home. Now I have done the dirty work that no one else wants to do, and the boss is in arrears with his salary. Why does the boss want to eat and drink and let us drink the northwest wind? I won't make my boss feel better. I'll kill him and then kill myself. I have a plan. This is a great event. "
As a crisis intervention operator, I was really shocked when I heard a phone call from an old migrant worker. This is a man who has experienced a traffic accident. When he was released from prison, he was over 40 years old and not married. Dare not stay at home for fear of being laughed at; Go out to work, but meet an asshole boss who doesn't pay. I realized that in this isolated situation, he might really choose to kill or commit suicide, and the harm to society would be incalculable.
In the face of the voices of the disadvantaged groups, considering that they rarely find people who listen to their voices in society, it is necessary for me to accept and respect them.
I said, "Thank you very much for trusting me in such a difficult time. I feel very honored to tell me your heart. After listening to your experience, I feel that you have been treated unfairly at work. Your boss's unpaid wages hurt you and made you angry: you want to choose a way to get back at him. "
Ma Lao said, "Actually, at first, I didn't intend to do that." There is helplessness in his words.
I quickly asked, "What did you think at first?"
The old horse said indignantly, "The boss is treacherous and says he wants to pay, but he puts it off again and again. I feel very painful. After I got out of prison, I did a lot of dirty work that many people didn't want to do. But why is God so unfair to me? "
I said gently, "You think God is unfair, because you worked hard, but you didn't get the reward you deserved."
Ma Lao said, "Yes, if the boss can pay us, I don't want to go this way."
I inspired him and said, "Is this the only choice? Have you ever thought of other ways, such as getting your salary back through legal means? "
The old horse said doubtfully, "Can it be useful? We belong to a remote area, and the competent authorities above will not pay attention to it. I really hate it. The boss has a car and a house, but we live in the most shabby house. I hate it. "
During the conversation, I have been thinking about whether Ma Lao really wants to commit suicide or just complaining, and how I can resolve his extreme thoughts. Is the old horse's motive for killing people for wages? Why did he refuse to ask for salary in other ways? Did he choose revenge because he hated the rich? I think it is necessary to let him know what consequences extreme behavior will bring him.
I said, "What do you think you will get in the end if you retaliate?"
Ma Lao said frankly: "At least let those black-hearted bosses know that we migrant workers are not easy to bully."
I asked, "Do you think it will cost a lot of money?"
The old horse replied, "Well, although the price is a little high, the boss pays a higher price." I'm dead, and my mother has no one to support her, but the boss who got married with her children lost more than me. So I still earned it. "
I asked, "Do you really think you have succeeded? How miserable it is for white-haired people to send black-haired people. "
The old horse fell into a long silence.
I waited patiently for the old horse's feedback, because he was experiencing an inner struggle.
A few minutes later, the old horse sighed and said, "The only thing I can't let go of is my old mother. I was in prison at that time, and everyone gave up on me except my mother. " At this point, the old horse's voice choked: "Later I got out of prison and sent money to my mother every month. No matter how hard my life is, I don't want my mother to suffer any more. "
As long as I care about someone, I won't choose extreme ways to end my life. I seem to see hope. "Yes, if you go, how will your mother live? She has waited for you for so many years, and now it's time for you to repay her. It's only a matter of time before the boss can recover the money he owes you through some legal channels. "
The old horse said, "I'll think about it again. Maybe I have nothing to do at the construction site. No one can talk, so I think so. "
Hearing this, a stone fell to my heart, at least the old horse began to reflect on his impulsive behavior. I said while the iron is hot, "Your life on the construction site is boring, and you happen to be troubled by the boss's arrears of wages. Do you want to take such an extreme approach?" Can you give me a promise that you won't kill your boss and then commit suicide to get paid? "After considering for more than ten seconds, Ma Lao said," I'll think about it. That's really not worth the candle. I have an old mother waiting for me to raise. "
I encouraged him to say, "It is responsible for you to think so. I'm happy for you. If you have any new questions, I hope you can tell us. We are happy to serve you. "
The old horse said easily, "Yes, thank you for listening to me. Really, sometimes it's hard for me to meet a speaker! "
After psychological crisis intervention, we paid a return visit. Knowing that Ma Lao and other colleagues invited lawyers and the media to argue with the boss, the boss was forced to pay the arrears in full. Now, Ren Wang is looking for a new job, and a fellow villager introduced him. It can be seen from the tone of the old horse that his mood has calmed down and he has a new plan for the future.
There are many choices in the face of injustice.
Migrant workers are vulnerable groups in society. They left their homes and came to cities from the countryside, hoping that their lives would be better. However, due to the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations, they are often treated unfairly. Their inner anger and depression can't be told to their relatives, and their psychological pressure can't be effectively alleviated, so they can only bear it alone. Over time, they formed a self-enclosed character. When there is a strong contradiction, some people's emotions may suddenly erupt, eventually leading to an irreparable situation.
For the pain of migrant workers, psychological counselors hope and have the ability to provide some ways to relieve psychological pressure.
Stop telling your troubles to your close friends.
Family culture in China often doesn't allow family members to express their feelings, especially for men. It is considered immature or weak to express feelings in front of parents, wives and children. Therefore, there are often some people who unconsciously suppress their emotions and are unwilling to tell their families or friends when they encounter difficulties.
Expressing emotions in words has a catharsis effect on the second month and can reduce the harm caused by psychological pressure. Migrant workers, when you are overwhelmed by the burden of life, please tell your friends and relatives who think you are safe. This is one of the preferred ways to relieve stress.
Jump out of your own "dead end"
Friends of migrant workers have been working outside for many years, and many things they have experienced are unpredictable. Faced with difficulties, people tend to be in a daze and think about solutions alone, so they are narrow-minded and easy to push themselves into a "dead end" and do some extreme things.
In fact, friends of migrant workers can choose to leave the monotonous life in their spare time, participate in some group activities and volunteer activities, get to know some talking "outsiders", broaden their own ideas, find more ways to deal with things, and avoid entering the "dead end" of thinking.
Actively use social resources.
In recent years, the survival of migrant workers has been paid more and more attention by the society, and government departments and social organizations have lent a helping hand to migrant workers. When migrant workers encounter unfair treatment in their work or life, they should actively report to the relevant departments and fight for their rights and interests through legal channels. Don't hide your dissatisfaction in your heart, it is easy to accumulate depression and illness, and don't use some extreme means to resolve disputes, which will hurt others and yourself, and the loss will outweigh the gain.
Of course, if friends of migrant workers encounter emotional disputes or feel uncomfortable, they can also seek help from local psychological counseling institutions.
Chasing luxury goods
"My clothes are all famous brands."
Orchid came to work in Beijing as soon as she graduated from junior high school. She has been making clothes in a clothing factory. Although she learned a lot, the money she earned was very limited. On the streets of Beijing, watching girls of the same age wearing brand-name clothes and carrying brand-name bags, orchids are envious. But considering her meager income, she didn't even dare to enter the door of luxury stores.
When I returned to my hometown during the Spring Festival this year, orchids were really wiped out. She changed her usual dress and wore a Dior coat. This dress cost her savings for several years! In fact, Orchid just wants to use this dress to tell the villagers that I have a good time in Beijing, and at the same time it can better reassure my parents.
On New Year's Day, several aunts went home to pay New Year's greetings. Their rough hands kept touching tens of thousands of dollars of clothes and said, "This is a good dress that we can't buy in the county mall! I have seen it in magazines brought back by my daughter before. " A girl who went to college saw her clothes, quickly put them on, looked in the mirror for a long time, and then said something that almost made her faint: "This product is so well imitated, I'm afraid it will take three or four hundred!"
Having worked in Orchid Garment Factory for several years, I naturally know the meaning of A goods. Fortunately, those aunts just chatted with each other for a while and ignored this sentence: after Orchid returned to Beijing, she asked her good sisters in the factory intentionally or unintentionally to test their opinions on this dress. I didn't expect everyone to think it was imitation without exception. Finally, one of her girlfriends said, "I told you not to wear this dress." Think about it. Every day, I am either too tired to walk in the street, or I am stuck on the bus with a thread, sweating all over and cracking the back of my hand. Your clothes are wrinkled and your shoes are dirty on the bus. Who will treat your clothes as genuine? "
Eager to integrate into this city
After some efforts, migrant workers' friends have more or less savings in their pockets. Under the "indiscriminate bombing" of various commercial advertisements, it is difficult for migrant workers to resist this temptation. Some people are even more enthusiastic, and they are willing to spend money on luxury goods that they have never set foot in.
Some people say that in a consumer society, the significance of commodities lies not only in their practicality to people, but also in their satisfaction.
Many migrant workers are engaged in the most bitter, tiring and even dangerous jobs in the city. In many occupations, migrant workers are mostly at the bottom, and their value is most easily overlooked. Based on all kinds of helplessness, they try to subvert and reshape their image in the field of consumption and vent their inner dissatisfaction, so as to achieve inner balance and eliminate the gap between people. So consumption reflects the desire of migrant workers' friends to integrate into the city. They are no longer self-exploiting and frugal like their parents. Besides spending their income on food, they will also spend most of their income on clothing, electronic products, entertainment and so on.
At the same time, because migrant workers are getting younger and younger, and most of them are unmarried, the pressure of raising children has not yet appeared, and the burden at home is shared by the previous generation. Generally speaking, their burdens are lighter and they are less worried about all kinds of consumption.
However, many new generation migrant workers, because they are not deeply involved in the world, have low judgment ability on complex goods, and the role of purchase on emotional factors is more prominent, and their thinking is not rational enough, which inevitably leads to some blindness. Therefore, it is very easy for them to blindly follow the consumption concept and follow the trend of urban youth, and they are more susceptible to commercial advertisements and other promotional activities.
Sellers are always smarter than buyers.
Merchants like to grasp the psychology of migrant workers' consumers to promote sales and attract farmers' second customers. The director of a large shopping mall listed the "coupon refund promotion" tactics popular among merchants at present. For example, raise the price first and then discount it. Merchants raise prices first, then threaten to "discount" and then sell at the original price, while consumers think that they have bought high-quality goods at a lower price, regardless of whether they really need or like them, they first pick up this "bargain".
Merchants know very well that migrant workers also want to be decent, but most of them are not rich. These sales promotion methods are aimed at grasping the psychology of migrant workers' consumers who want to get "high satisfaction" at "low cost", and promoting migrant workers to become the most potential consumer groups through advertising before major festivals come.
Let consumption return to rationality
Although merchants are good at grasping consumers' psychology and "inciting" buyers' shopping desires, as long as the price is clearly marked, it is understandable that both parties are willing. And migrant workers' consumers also need to master "shopping psychology" to make their consumption return to rationality and avoid "; Through dynamic consumption. "After all, you earn hard money in your pocket, so don't think about spending it quickly.
Principle 1:
We often affect ourselves because of other people's buying behavior, and after impulse buying, we often find that what we buy is not practical for ourselves, or rarely used to one side. So, before buying a commodity, ask yourself: Do I really need this commodity? What can I do with it after buying it? As far as possible, don't spend unplanned, don't spend for comparison, and don't spend for novelty.
Principle 2:
A newspaper published a story that a worker in a computer city was stealing his job. The manager said that the worker usually performs well at work, earning an average of 4,000 yuan a month.
Obviously, his income is good, but he still chooses to obtain extra property by illegal means, which makes people feel sorry for him and has to be surprised by his daily consumption pattern. Where did all his income go? It is known that this person often blindly compares with people around him, resulting in too much credit card debt, so he has to use stolen money to repay.
Compared with the past, the material living standards of migrant workers have been greatly improved, but there is still a certain gap compared with the income of urban residents. At the same time, the group of migrant workers has also become divided. Some migrant workers have high incomes, while others have low incomes.
In the face of goods, we should operate according to our own economic strength! Be healthy, the price of the goods you buy should be within your tolerance, and don't overspend for a while.
Principle 3:
There are many kinds of goods on the market, and high price means high quality. The selling points of various commodities are different. Some sell quality, some sell appearance, some sell fashion, and some buy brands. At the same time, the goods promoted by shopping malls are not necessarily affordable. Merchants' advertisements are always based on their own interests, so don't expect free "pies".
At the same time, it needs to be clear that the consumption of well-known brands can not directly improve people's status and sense of identity, and consumers just feel some psychological comfort.
In the business field, people often emphasize people's "wealth IQ". Some people say that a person's financial quotient has nothing to do with how much money he earns, but with how much money he can keep. The income of migrant workers' friends is hard-won, so we should learn to plan our hard-earned money reasonably. To change your position and gain recognition from others, you can only improve your ability, such as investing in yourself, learning professional skills and receiving vocational training.
Show love in another way.
The irrational consumption of some migrant workers' friends mostly comes from the mentality of "saving face". They always think that driving a luxury car, dressing decently and bringing back various gifts to their families is a sign of success and can make their families proud.
In fact, what the family really needs may be very simple, just like the song "Go home and have a look": talk to the family, help my mother brush chopsticks and wash the dishes, hit my father on the back and rub my shoulder.
This is actually reminding people that it is easy to spend all the money, but after living conditions are good, it is difficult to maintain the indifferent mentality in the past. What can reflect our elegance is not spending money, but doing things that are more meaningful to everyone.
Conclusion: What should I do if I encounter unpaid wages? This is the question that migrant workers want to know most. Many people usually choose two things at this time, either compromise or crazy revenge. In fact, the legal method is correct. (The article was originally published in Psychology and Health, serial number 2065438+May 2002. Authors: Wu Shengtao, Zhou Chan, Chen Yali, Wang Weihong, Xiao Jing, the copyright belongs to the author; The purpose of reprinting is to convey more information, which does not mean that 360 Common Sense Network agrees with its views and is responsible for its authenticity. Please contact us as soon as possible and we will delete the content as soon as possible.