From the G20 Summit to the Asian Games, Zhejiang and Hangzhou, the provincial capital, have long attracted the attention of policy makers with constant dividends. Today, Zhejiang Province has a new identity: * * Tongfu Demonstration Zone.
On June 10, the Central Office and the State Council issued the Opinions on Supporting Zhejiang's High-quality Development and Construction of a Prosperous Demonstration Zone, supporting and encouraging Zhejiang to explore high-quality development and construction of a prosperous demonstration zone, and creating an important window for Socialism with Chinese characteristics to fully display its institutional advantages in the new era.
The goal is: by 2025, Zhejiang Province will promote high-quality development and construction, and make significant and substantial progress with affluent demonstration areas. By 2035, Zhejiang Province will make greater achievements in high-quality development and basically achieve the same prosperity as * * * *; The per capita GDP and the income of urban and rural residents strive to reach the level of developed economies, the level of coordinated development between urban and rural areas is higher, the distribution pattern of income and wealth is more optimized, and the construction level of rule of law Zhejiang and safe Zhejiang is higher.
With the national strategic blessing, Zhejiang Province has historically stood on the same starting line with Shenzhen and Shanghai Pudong.
As an affluent demonstration area, * * * undoubtedly puts forward more new requirements for Zhejiang Province, such as income gap, urban-rural gap, regional gap, equalization of public services and high housing prices.
In particular, high housing prices have become an unbearable burden for the population in big cities. Hangzhou, whether it is the property market or the city, is surprisingly hot. How to achieve * * * prosperity in the housing field and really retain people? Relevant persons suggest that Zhejiang province can explore expanding the coverage of affordable housing, speed up the implementation of the right to rent and purchase, and pilot the property tax.
Strong sense of reform and innovation.
Why choose Zhejiang Province as a demonstration area of * * * prosperity? In response, the National Development and Reform Commission responded:
First of all, the situation in Zhejiang Province is representative in the construction of the demonstration area. In terms of scale, Zhejiang's area and population have a certain scale; Geographically, there are two sub-provincial cities, nine prefecture-level cities and 53 counties (cities) in Zhejiang, which are representative. From the perspective of urban and rural areas, Zhejiang has both cities and rural areas, and the rural registered population accounts for half.
Secondly, Zhejiang has the foundation and advantages to develop a demonstration zone. First, the level of wealth is relatively high. In 2020, Zhejiang's GDP was 6.46 trillion yuan, ranking fourth in the country. Per capita GDP exceeds 654.38+10,000 yuan; The per capita disposable income of residents is 52,400 yuan, second only to Shanghai and Beijing, which is 1.63 times of the national average. The income of urban and rural residents ranked 1 in all provinces and regions in China in 20 years and 36 years respectively.
The second is balanced development. The income gap between urban and rural residents in Zhejiang is 1.96, far below the national average of 2.56, and the income gap between the highest and lowest cities is 1.67. It is the only province in China where the income of residents in all districts and cities exceeds the national average.
Third, a strong sense of reform and innovation. Zhejiang has explored and created many advanced experiences in reform, such as "running at most once", and created and continuously developed the "Qiao Feng Experience" of "relying on the masses to resolve contradictions on the spot". All localities generally have a strong sense of reform and innovation, which is convenient for bold exploration and timely summing up and refining the successful experience and institutional model of the construction of * * * demonstration zones for enriching the people.
Finally, Zhejiang Development Demonstration Zone still has great space and potential. In particular, how to correctly handle the relationship between stable employment expansion and technological progress, how to effectively solve the contradictions such as land shortage and resource constraints in the development process, and how to form a long-term mechanism to effectively improve the income of low-income groups, antitrust and prevent the disorderly expansion of capital are all in urgent need of exploration and innovation.
This opinion puts forward 20 major measures in six aspects around the construction of institutional mechanisms and policy systems conducive to the prosperity and development of * * *.
In the field of housing, the opinion mentioned that it is necessary to continuously improve the living conditions of urban and rural residents. Adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, improve the housing market system and housing security system, and ensure that people live and live.
For key groups such as new citizens and low-income people with difficulties, the opinion pointed out that the supply of affordable housing should be effectively increased. For cities with relatively high housing prices and a large floating population, land supply is inclined to rental housing construction, exploring the use of collective construction land and idle land owned by enterprises and institutions to build rental housing, expanding the supply of affordable rental housing, accelerating the improvement of long-term rental policies, and making rental housing enjoy equal rights to enjoy public services.
At the same time, the opinions are clear, comprehensively promote the renovation of old urban residential areas and community construction, improve the quality of rural housing construction, strengthen the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, explore the establishment of a basic housing security mechanism for low-income people in rural areas, shape a new Jiangnan water town with Jiangnan rhyme, ancient town flavor and modern style, and improve the livable level of urban and rural areas.
How to solve the problem of high housing prices and prosperity?
Judging from the composition of the main family wealth in China, real estate accounts for the bulk, and the most intuitive performance of real estate value is house price. The higher the house price, the more houses the rich buy, the more wealth the rich have, and the more houses the poor can't afford, which aggravates the gap between the rich and the poor to some extent.
House prices in Zhejiang Province are almost balanced. Not only Hangzhou, the capital city, has high housing prices, but even the housing prices of ordinary counties in Zhejiang are close to 20,000 yuan/square meter, such as Yiwu.
The data shows that among the 103 counties with a unit price of over 10,000 yuan, 93 counties are located in the eastern coastal areas, accounting for 90.3%. Among them, 46 counties and cities in Zhejiang * * * have a house price of over 10,000, ranking first.
Since 2020, housing prices in Suqian and other places in northern Jiangsu have risen rapidly, and the price increase in some counties has even exceeded that of their prefecture-level cities. According to the statistics of China Real Estate Market Network, the house price in Shuyang County of Suqian City reached RMB 12578 per square meter in May, up by 3 1.2% over the same period last year.
According to the analysis of local market participants in Zhejiang Province, the reasons for the high housing prices in some county-level cities in Zhejiang Province are, first of all, the relatively developed private economy in Zhejiang, such as small commodities in Yiwu, small household appliances in Cixi, leather in Haining, auto parts in Ruian and mahogany in Dongyang. A strong economy has laid a strong purchasing power, and house prices have strong support; Secondly, Zhejiang's business environment ranks in the forefront of the country, boosting the economic development of counties and cities.
At the same time, the population of Zhejiang has greatly increased. According to the latest statistics, the resident population of Zhejiang Province is 64.5676 million, with an annual increase of 10/8.63%. The floating population in the province is 25,557,500, which is 37.27% higher than the sixth national census in 20 10.
"The accelerated transfer of rural labor force and the rapid economic development have promoted a large increase in the floating population. In particular, as a developed coastal province, Zhejiang has attracted a large number of people from outside the province to work, start businesses and live in Zhejiang. " Zhang Xinghua, deputy director of Zhejiang Statistics Bureau, said.
In terms of distribution, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and Jinhua are the cities with the largest population inflow outside the province, accounting for 66.8% of the provincial population inflow; Housing prices in Hangzhou have been leaping forward since 2020, and individual sectors have increased by more than 50%.
On the other hand, the land auction sites in many cities in Zhejiang Province are hot, and housing enterprises would rather not make money than enter. Land price and house price have always promoted each other.
In the first round of centralized land supply just past, Hangzhou * * * sold 57 plots with a total investment of1178.53 million yuan, accounting for 47% of Hangzhou's total transaction last year (252 1 100 million yuan). The "double limit"+competitive self-sustaining transfer model can't stop the enthusiasm of housing enterprises for land acquisition.
Ningbo * * * launched the first batch of 29 plots with a total investment of 35.8 billion yuan. Among them, 19 land auction set a "highest price", accounting for 65.5%. Some institutions have counted the profit rate of 1 1 pure homestead sold on May 27th, and the average expected sales profit rate is only 0.75%.
Under the aura of building a prosperous demonstration zone, Zhejiang's attraction to foreign population and enterprises continues to increase, and with the support of purchasing power, it is difficult to reduce housing prices. How to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor at the level of residents? Many people in the industry suggest that the coverage ratio of affordable housing can be expanded and the implementation of rent-and-purchase rights can be accelerated.
Ni Pengfei, director of the Urban and Competitiveness Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, suggested that on the one hand, the coverage ratio of affordable housing for urban and rural residents should be expanded, and full guarantee, partial guarantee and policy support should be given according to income and other conditions. On the other hand, it is necessary to implement the housing project for new citizens so that permanent residents and new citizens can enjoy the same affordable housing and policy support as registered residents.
The voice of real estate tax is rising again.
In the hot discussion about "bringing wealth with wealth", the voice that some cities should give priority to piloting property tax is rising again.
Yang Chang, chief expert of the Institute of Public Policy and Governance of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, believes that taxation is an important tool to adjust income distribution. Income distribution will eventually settle down in the form of wealth preservation, and wealth is mainly manifested in the value of real estate in China. Therefore, for groups with multiple properties or high-value properties, they actually occupy a lot of limited resources, and the rise in property prices may widen the wealth differentiation.
"The collection of property tax regulates the' stock' wealth. Because the real estate is not transferable, it can avoid the problem of tax base liquidity, which makes it difficult for housing holders to avoid tax; While directly regulating income distribution, real estate tax can also support the construction of affordable rental housing and * * * property housing, build and improve the housing security system, and indirectly optimize income distribution. Although the pilot effect of property tax in Shanghai and Chongqing is not obvious, the total amount of property tax collection is small, but the main reason is that the tax base is too narrow and the tax standard needs to be improved, which cannot completely deny the role of property tax in regulating income distribution. " Yang Chang said.
Yang Hongxu, a real estate expert, directly suggested that "the real estate tax can be piloted in Zhejiang first, and it is suggested to be piloted in five cities: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing and Yiwu, and the holding tax will be levied on' multi-rooms' in high-priced cities, and transfer payments and subsidies will be made to families without houses and low-income groups."