Engineering projects are the hematopoietic cells of construction enterprises, and project management is the basis of enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises, the source of enterprise benefits and the window of the overall image of enterprises. The level of project management is directly related to the survival and development of enterprises. Strengthening project management, especially firmly grasping the bull's nose of project standardization management and improving the quality of project operation, is an important topic faced by enterprises.
Organizational structure of project standardization element management. The establishment of institutions should adhere to the principles of flattening and vertical management. According to the engineering characteristics, difficulty, scale, time and other factors. The personnel should be lean, the organization should be reasonable, and one person can do many things, not big and complete, small and complete, and get married and have children slowly. There is a need for extensive competition for the appointment of project managers within the company. It is necessary to have a clear division of labor, set posts and responsibilities, and do not divide the division of labor into families. You can't set posts by people, you should set people by posts. A person holds several posts, works at full capacity, and realizes the great service of small institutions.
Management system. It is necessary to take the project as the basic object and establish a relatively independent and perfect management system that conforms to the characteristics of this project. At present, the project manager responsibility system is widely adopted. According to the project investment, engineering characteristics, engineering geographical conditions and the actual situation of the unit, the management system of this project is formulated, and the management organization is determined, and the group strength or project strength construction is defined as the carrier. Vertical management is formed in personnel, finance, construction, production, etc. The management of equipment and materials follows the management mode of the group company, with scientific arrangement and rational allocation to realize the effective allocation of resources.
Personnel selection. Choosing a project manager can turn losses into profits, on the contrary, projects that should be profitable will undoubtedly lose money. Configuring a good project team requires not only high-quality technical cadres and departmental business cadres, but also a highly skilled and high-quality staff. All members should fully consider their own age structure, knowledge structure, professional structure and other comprehensive factors, so as to complement each other's advantages, fill gaps and optimize the whole. It is necessary to ensure that elite soldiers go to the front, and outstanding cadres are in command. The project manager should have a good political quality, be diligent and dedicated, have a decent style, be honest and play an exemplary role, especially when encountering difficulties and major problems, keep a clear head, be busy but not chaotic, and be polite; Understand relevant professional knowledge; With modern management concept and innovative spirit; Have a high sense of responsibility and a strong sense of safety and quality; Have the courage to carry out criticism and self-criticism and the spirit of being responsible when things go wrong; We should have the ability of organization, coordination, tackling key problems, patience, diplomatic skills, language expression and the spirit of taking the overall situation into account and serving the overall situation.
Evaluation system. It is necessary to establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism, implement the two-way guarantee responsibility system, and clarify the responsibilities and rights of all parties in the form of law. Establish a two-level evaluation system for the company and the project itself. The company set up an evaluation team for the project team members. At the end of the year, the project team members will be comprehensively assessed in terms of time limit, quality, safety, environmental protection, profit, payment and team management. Those who make meritorious deeds will be rewarded, those who make mistakes will be punished, those who make meritorious deeds will be rewarded, and those who punish will be banned. Resolutely reverse the situation of lax management, regardless of profits and losses, regardless of advantages and disadvantages, and unclear rewards and punishments.
Project standardization process management
Pre-project management. After winning the bid, first organize relevant personnel to calculate the project cost, make a reasonable forecast of the profit, control the actual cost with the budgeted cost, and finally realize the rationalization of the profit. Through the author's practice for many years, it is proved that this kind of cost management can bring better economic benefits to enterprises than the previous management mode of "only focusing on work and not knowing how to settle accounts". Based on this management model, the early responsibility cost of several projects is predicted and evaluated, which fully realizes the effective control of project management, and finally ensures that each project will not lose more money and taste the sweetness of standardized project cost management. For example, a bridge project in Baoxing, Sichuan won the bid at a low price, and the profit margin was very small. By dividing the responsibility cost and linking the quality of cost control with the year-end assessment, the project staff will have a sense of cost control from top to bottom, save costs from all aspects of the project construction process, and finally turn the project with an estimated loss of 3 million into a profit of 6,543,800 yuan. This fully proves the importance of project pre-cost forecast management. Secondly, the selection of subcontracting teams should follow the following principles: first, subcontracting teams have "three certificates": business license, qualification certificate and safety license (above level 2); Second, it has good construction performance, construction experience, technical strength, economic strength, mechanical equipment strength and personnel management strength; Third, we must have the idea of always striving for first-class and long-term cooperation; Fourth, we should have the idea of stressing credibility, taking care of the overall situation and understanding the overall situation; Fifth, internal cadres and employees' relatives cannot be elected. At the same time, it is necessary to establish the archives of the labor subcontracting team, evaluate the subcontracting team, and establish a team with good reputation.
Cooperation period. After the subcontracting team is determined, the preliminary management work can be completed according to the following principles and steps: First, "three quickness" can be achieved, that is, quick entry, quick installation, quick start-up and construction while installation; Second, the division of responsibilities, timely contact with the person in charge of Party A's supervision site, clarify the relevant exchanges and operations, and require "three exchanges", that is, handing over piles, drawings and land; Third, we should send someone to contact the local government (such as villagers' groups and local police stations). ) understand local customs and relevant government regulations and get support from various departments; Four, the competent leadership should organize technical cadres to review and retest drawings, and quickly feedback the results to the owner or director, and then do a good job in the implementation of construction organization design after verification.
Project process management. First, organize all cadres and employees to hold a briefing on construction mobilization and put forward requirements. Establish the idea of "six highs and six modernizations", that is, high starting point, high quality, high standard, high quality, high speed, high efficiency, system standardization, cost control first, operation standardization, management modernization, scientific decision-making and construction standardization. Second, seriously organize various departments to formulate corresponding responsibilities and various rules and regulations, such as financial management system, material shopping guide system, equipment management system, technical personnel specification, internal contracting, partial subcontracting contract signing scheme, subcontracting team, unit price, bidding method, etc., and only after collective research can reasonable prices be adopted. Third, organize the financial personnel of the technical department and the planning department to study the owner's contract, thoroughly understand the spirit of the contract, focus on the engineering change claim, find out the basis of the change claim, formulate incentive measures, seek benefits from the change claim, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the change claimant. The fourth is to make key breakthroughs in projects with investment of hundreds of millions and high technology content, organize expert groups to tackle key scientific and technological problems, scientifically formulate construction plans, and implement them according to the plans after being confirmed by the owners and supervisors. No changes are allowed unless there are special circumstances. Fifth, a project summary meeting will be held around the 25th of each month to release the project construction plan and technical disclosure, summarize the construction implementation, safety, quality progress and existing engineering problems this month, and discuss the rectification measures. Hold a regular meeting at least once a week. Sixth, the project department shall set up full-time safety and quality inspection, test and measurement personnel, set up an expert research group and a leading group for responsibility cost accounting, and implement an internal supervision system. Seventh, according to the new Austrian tunneling method: smooth blasting as the basis, shotcrete and anchor support to ensure safety, clear measurement of surrounding rock, first create an environment, effective ventilation, and grasp the image of lining trees. Eighth, rationally arrange personnel and reduce supernumerary personnel. At the same time, do a good job in logistics management, and the logistics department regularly and irregularly inspects materials and equipment to ensure that the accounts are consistent with the materials and the accounts.
Project completion management and return visit. To do a good job of sorting out internal business data, the day's work will be completed on the same day, and the person in charge will be responsible; After the completion of the project, the data will be clear at one time, leaving no tail, leaving a good impression on the owner and supervisor; After the one-year warranty expires, the project manager, technical director or chief engineer will take the initiative to conduct on-site consultation and return visit, including seasonal return visit, technical return visit and return visit at the end of the warranty period, and fill in the return visit form; Fix quality problems in time, listen to the opinions and suggestions of owners or users, and strive for cooperation again next time.
Rolling development of the project
According to the concept of sustainable development, the rolling development of projects should also become an important aspect of project standardization management. Because rolling development can not be simply attributed to the above-mentioned "elements" or "process" items, it starts from the preparatory work of the project and even begins to "roll" in the information collection stage of the project. The periodicity of engineering construction determines that the project will always end, but the development of enterprises needs to be sustained, which requires the rolling development of projects, and enterprises must rely on the project itself to develop. A project itself is a comprehensive embodiment of enterprise management level. Although the construction is over, a good project, which runs through the standardized management and external image of the whole construction process, is a permanent brand and a living advertisement. In addition, we can fully rely on the advantages of grassroots projects to capture real and reliable information in the vast market and open up a new "battlefield".
In a word, project standardization management is the highlight of enterprise business activities. Whether it is the establishment of project management department, the establishment of management system, the selection of personnel or the control of engineering process and completion management, every link will maintain the survival of enterprises. There is a lot of knowledge about project standardization management, and there are still many problems to be explored and summarized in the specific project management under construction.
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