Humans live in tropical rain forests and subtropical monsoon forests. They live completely in trees, rarely go to the ground and like to act alone. The action is particularly slow, and it can only be accelerated when attacked, so it is also called "lazy monkey". During the day, they huddle together, hide in big tree holes or rest on branches, and come out for food at night, feeding on the fruits of plants and preying on insects, birds and eggs. They can mate all the year round, and they are pregnant for 5-6 months, mostly giving birth in winter, and each fetus has 1 offspring. [ 1]
Distributed in Yunnan and southern Guangxi, mostly in Southeast Asia. It is a national first-class protected animal in China. [ 1]
gingkgo
Hummingmonkey
Latin scientific name
Boddaert night cat
Another name
Lazy monkeys, apes, wind monkeys, wind beavers, wind monkeys, flat monkeys, moody, wind animals and shy cats.
Binomial nomenclature/system
Night cat
boundary
animal kingdom
door
Chordata
summary
mammal
eye
head
The branch of academic or vocational research.
Lazy monkey family
belong to
Hummingmonkey
grow
Hummingmonkey
Distribution area
East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia
English name 1
Daman loris
English name 2
(Sunda) Slow loris.
Named by and when
Boddaert, 1785
IUCN rating
VU(2008), Vulnerable Species.
catalogue
1 shape characteristics
2 Human settlement environment
3 living habits
activity
Looking for food
characteristic
connect
4 geographical distribution
5 Growth and reproduction
6 subspecies differentiation
7 population situation
wild population
artificial feeding
Risk factor
8 species protection
Protection level
reserve
Protection suggestion
1 shape feature editing
Hummingmonkey 1(9 photos)
Hummingmonkey is a small primitive monkey with a body length of 280 ~ 380mm；; Weight is 680 ~ 1000 g, adult weight is 700 ~ 1500 g, average weight of men is 680g, and average weight of women is 625g；; The tail length is 22 ~ 25 cm. [2-4]
The head is round, the kiss is short, there are 36 teeth, the eyes are big and forward, there are dark brown orbital rings and light brown triangular spots around the eyes, the bright white line gradually widens from orbit to forehead, the eye spacing is narrow, and the auricle is semicircular forward. The front and rear limbs are short and equal in length, the thumb of the hand is far from the other four fingers, and the second finger and toe are extremely short or degenerate. Except that the second toe of the hind foot is claw-shaped, there are thick meat pads and flat nails at the ends of the fingers and toes. [2-3]
Body hair is short and dense, and the color changes greatly. Between eyes and ears, cheeks, neck and shoulders are dark gray, and the back is brown, reddish brown or gray. There is a prominent brown ridge from the top of the head to the back of the waist, which gradually narrows to the tail root and becomes lighter in color. The top of the head is divided into two branches and extends to the ear end and around the eyes, and the ventral surface is brown or gray-black. [2-3]
2 habitat editing
Hummingmonkey is a typical arboreal animal in tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia, inhabiting tropical rain forest, monsoon forest and subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest. Habitat in low altitude areas, the altitude is generally below 1000m, [5] it can also reach1300 m. [4] Most of them are active in the middle and upper layers of relatively high trunks in virgin forests, and occasionally they are active in artificial banana forests. [5] Older hummingmonkeys like to go to the edge of the forest because there is relatively more food there. [4]
3 lifestyle editor
activity
Hummingmonkey 2( 17 photos)
It is nocturnal, arboreal and rarely moves on the ground. Its activities, foraging, mating, reproduction and sleeping are all spent in trees. During the day, it curled up and hid in the holes of tall trees, near the crowns of leafy trees or on dense branches, and began to feed after dusk. Sex likes to be alone and moves very slowly. Mostly rock climbing, not jumping. Only when they are attacked can they accelerate. [2] [5]
The bee monkey is called a lazy monkey because it is afraid of light and heat. During the day, it sleeps in tree holes and trunks, and birds and animals can't wake it up. It moves very slowly, and it seems that it takes two steps to take one step. It is observed that it takes 12 seconds for hummingmonkey to move one step. [2]
Although hummingmonkey moves slowly, it also has its own unique skills to protect itself. Because it seldom moves all day long, lichens or algae can constantly absorb the moisture and carbonic acid gas emitted by it, reproduce and grow on it, and wrap it tightly, so that it has protective clothing consistent with the color of its living environment and is not easy to be found by the enemy. Therefore, hummingmonkey has another nickname-ape, which means it can imitate green plants and avoid natural enemies. [6]
Looking for food
Hummingmonkeys mainly feed on tropical flowers, leaves and berries, and also prey on insects. They are good at preying on sleeping birds at night and like to eat birds' eggs. [5] I also like to eat honey, so I named it "bee monkey". [7]
characteristic
The glands on the inside of hummingbirds' elbows produce toxins. When they comb their hair, the toxin will spread all over their body. When they are threatened, hummingmonkey will roll into a ball, leaving only toxic fur outside. When a predator is in a tree, it will roll into a ball and fall down from the tree to avoid danger. Sometimes they will take a passive defense way of biting their teeth to escape from the enemy. [8]
connect
Hummingmonkeys uses visual, auditory, tactile and chemical information to communicate, makes odor marks for communication, and can also use ultrasonic waves for perception. [8]
4 geographical distribution editing
Hummingmonkeys are mainly distributed in Southeast Asia and Northeast South Asia, China is found in Yunnan and Guangxi, and China is a marginal distribution area. [5] [7]
China Distribution: West, Southwest, South and Southwest Guangxi (Ningming, Longzhou, Pingxiang and Jingxi). The northern limit of Yunnan is the low altitude areas of Wuliang Mountain in Jingdong and Ailao Mountain in Xinping, central Yunnan. The distribution area of hummingmonkeys in China is the northern edge of its world distribution area. [3] [5]
World Distribution: Northeast India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Philippines, Singapore, Malay Peninsula and Indonesia. [5] [9- 10]
World human distribution map (2 pieces)
5 growth and reproduction editing
Hummingmonkey 3(4 photos)
According to many years of field investigation and feeding experiments in China, hummingmonkeys usually mate from June to August every year, with an average sexual cycle of 45-50 days, and the mating period often lasts for 4-6 days. The pregnancy rate of adult females is about 70-80%, and the pregnancy period is 5-6 months. Generally in late winter and early spring (mostly before March), [5] delivery at night. [2] Annual output 1 fetus, per fetus 1 fetus. It takes about 7 months to breastfeed. Babies can move independently after 8 months of birth, and living independently from their mothers is generally around 1 year. It takes about 2 ~ 3 years from birth to sexual maturity. According to the feeding records of zoos in China, the feeding life of hummingmonkeys can reach 12 years. [5]
Digital quantification: the breeding interval is 1 year; Every time 1 liter; The average gestation period was 65438 088 days. The weaning time is 3 ~ 6 months, and the average weaning time is 4 months. The independent time of cubs is 16 ~ 26 months, with an average of 20 months. The maturity time of females is 18 ~ 24 months, with an average of 20 months; The male maturation time is 17 ~ 20 months, with an average of 18 months; The life span in the wild state can reach 22 years, with an average of 20 years; The life span of artificial feeding can reach 25.8 years, with an average of 24 years; The territorial area ranges from 0.004 to 0.25 square kilometers. [8]
6 subspecies differentiation editing
Hummingmonkeys can be divided into 9 subspecies, and there are 2 species in China. [ 1 1]
Differentiation table of bee monkey subspecies (***9 species)
serial number
Latin name
Namer
Naming year
0 1
Noun (short for noun) C. storehouse
Boddaert
1785
02
Noun (short for noun) c. hilleri
Si Tong & Rehn
1902
03
Noun (short for noun) C. Island
Robinson
19 17
04
Noun (short for noun) c. natunae
Si Tong & Rehn
1902
05
Noun (short for Noun) Javanese dog
Jeffroy
18 12
06
Noun (short for Noun) Aonas
Thomas
192 1
07
Noun (abbreviation of noun) c. menagensis
Trouessart
1898
08
Noun (short for Noun) Bankanus
Minister of heraldry
1906
09
Noun (abbreviation for noun) Borneo ginseng
Nachtrieb
1892[ 12]
7 population status editor
wild population
Hummingmonkeys is very rare in China. 1993, the bee monkey in Ningming, southwest Guangxi was extinct, and only Jingxi, Longzhou and Pingxiang may have some remnants; Wuliang Mountain and Ailao Mountain in central Yunnan are highly endangered, and the remaining number may be less than 50; In 1988, the total area inhabited by pheasants in southern and western Yunnan was estimated to be 300～500 km2, and the number was about1500 ~ 2000. [5] In 2009, there were 630 key terrestrial wildlife resources investigated by China State Forestry Administration, and the number of them decreased by nearly 2/3. [9]
1994, Laos has a very sparse population; In 2002, the population of Vietnam also decreased seriously and disappeared in many forests. In 2008, it was widely distributed in Thailand and Cambodia, but the population density was low and the population showed a downward trend. [9]
artificial feeding
Hummingmonkey is a docile animal that is easy to domesticate artificially. Hummingmonkeys raised by Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gejiu Zoo in Yunnan and Kunming Zoo can breed. But there are few animals. Generally, there are 2 ~ 5 animals in each zoo, and there are about 20 ~ 30 animals in China. [5]
Risk factor
Hummingmonkey 4( 17 photos)
In addition to human hunting, the natural enemies of hummingmonkeys include some arboreal carnivores, such as leopards, clouded leopards, clouded cats and ferrets. [5]
Deforestation and destruction of tropical rain forest, monsoon forest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest lead to the shrinkage and deterioration of habitat environment, which is the main reason for species endangerment. Because the population of this species in China is too small, the population growth rate is not high. In addition, people think it has medicinal value, and some people keep it as a pet. In some areas, such as Laowuzhai in Jinping, many hunters make gunpowder bags from the skin of bee monkeys. These factors are all important reasons for the decrease of the number and distribution area of hummingmonkeys in China. [5]
Illegal trade: Hummingmonkeys are sold in wildlife markets, pet shops and even online stores. During 1990 ~ 2006, nearly 3,000 hummingmonkeys were sold in the wildlife market in Southeast Asia, with an average annual sales of 228. The main sources are Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Laos, and finally they are shipped to China, Taiwan Province Province, Japan, Europe and Saudi Arabia for pet trade. [9] Because the bee monkey is extremely dangerous to trade as a pet, its teeth are often pulled out by illegal traders, and there is a 90% chance of causing infection and pain to the bee monkey, leading to death. Moreover, it is impossible for hummingmonkeys whose teeth have been pulled out to be released into the wild, because they will face death. [8]
8 species protection editor
Protection level
It has been listed as a national key protected animal in China (1989); [2]
It has been listed in the Red List of Species in China (1996), and the evaluation grade is Endangered Species (EN); [2]
It has been listed in appendix1of the Washington convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES); [4]
It has been listed in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species ver3.1(2008)-Vulnerable Species (LC). [ 10]
reserve
Nature reserves with hummingmonkeys: Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve in southern Yunnan, Huanglianshan Nature Reserve in Lu Chun and Nangun River Nature Reserve in Cangyuan; Western Yingjiang Tongbiguan Nature Reserve; Central Jinggu Weiyuanjiang Nature Reserve, Jingdong Wuliangshan Nature Reserve, Xinping Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve. The above-mentioned nature reserves play a vital role in the protection of hummingmonkeys in China. It is estimated that they have included more than 80% of the hummingmonkey population in China. [5]
Protection suggestion
Since the 1970s, large areas of tropical forests in southern and western Yunnan have been cut down, which has greatly reduced the habitat of this species, leaving most hummingmonkeys living only in nature reserves. Therefore, strengthening the management and construction of the existing nature reserves where macaques are distributed and protecting and improving the living environment of macaques are the primary measures. [5]
Strengthen publicity and education, publicize the truth that bees and monkeys have no scientific basis for medicine, and stop the resulting poaching and indiscriminate catching of bees and monkeys; [5]
Investigate the number of hummingbirds in China and evaluate their resources, and reasonably approve the quota for exhibition or export in the zoo. Accelerate the establishment of artificial breeding groups based on existing breeding groups and establish pedigrees to meet the needs of domestic zoo exhibitions and exchanges at home and abroad. [5]