Spacecraft parameters
Height: about 53 meters
Weight: about 8 tons
Waist circumference: the maximum diameter is 2.9 meters.
Composition: propulsion module, return module and orbital module.
Launch window: 2065438+June11June 17: 38.
the shenzhou ten spacecraft
Flying speed: about 7.9 kilometers per second, flying 28,000 kilometers per hour, circling the earth once every 90 minutes.
Flight time: in orbit 15 days, including combined flight with Tiangong-1 12 days.
Initial launch orbit: elliptical orbit rendezvous, perigee is about 200 kilometers, apogee is about 330 kilometers.
Docking orbit: a nearly circular orbit about 343 kilometers from the ground.
Astronaut crew: Nie Haisheng, Zhang and Wang Yaping.
Mission stage: the first stage of the second step of manned spaceflight project, the final battle of rendezvous and docking mission, and the finalization stage of the round-trip transportation system of manned spacecraft. Test tasks: automatic and manual rendezvous and docking, combined flight, flying around, etc.
Spacecraft introduction
Shenzhou-10 is one of the Shenzhou series spacecraft in China, and the fifth spacecraft carrying astronauts in China. The spacecraft consists of propulsion module, return module and orbital module.
Shenzhou 10 will be transported to Jiuquan launch base (20 pieces)
And an additional segment. The model of the rocket launching Shenzhou-10 is the same as Shenjiu, but the safety and reliability of the rocket will be further improved to ensure the safety of astronauts. [2]
Since the end of March, flying products such as Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and Long March 2F long-range rocket have been hoisted and docked with launch vehicles to form a complete assembly. [3]
Shen Shi characteristics
What are the characteristics of God Ten compared with God Nine?
Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, said that on this mission, Shenjiu mainly carried out manned space rendezvous and docking experiments to achieve a breakthrough in manned rendezvous and docking technology. Although Shenshi will continue to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 automatically and manually, the focus will shift to the verification and application of these technologies. The space shuttle transportation system equivalent to manned spacecraft needs to be further finalized, which lays the foundation for the further research of space laboratory and the construction of space station. In the specific experimental content, Shenzhou-10 has increased the flying around, that is, Shenzhou-10 spacecraft plans to fly around the target aircraft Tiangong-1. The success of this experiment is also very important for the construction of the space station, because there may be multiple docking ports on the space station, and the aircraft needs to dock with it from multiple directions, which requires further evaluation of the flight around the aircraft. [4]
To sum up, on the basis that Shenjiu marks the breakthrough and mastery of manned rendezvous and docking technology in China, Shenjiu will carry out the first applied flight of manned air and space transportation system. After the launch of Shenzhou-10 and the rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1, the first phase of the second-step mission of China manned space flight will come to a perfect conclusion and enter the development stage of space laboratory and space station in an all-round way. [4]
Edit this spaceship mission
Mission overview
1. Provide round-trip transportation services for personnel and materials for the on-orbit operation of Tiangong-1, and make further assessment.
the shenzhou ten spacecraft
The function and performance of the docking between heaven and earth and manned transportation system.
2. Further assess the ability of the assembly to ensure the life, work and health of astronauts and the ability of astronauts to perform tasks.
3. Carry out research on astronauts' adaptability to space environment and ergonomics of space operation, carry out space science experiments, spacecraft on-orbit maintenance experiments and key technology verification experiments of space stations, and conduct space science lectures and popular science education activities for young people for the first time.
4. Further evaluate the function, performance and coordination between systems of the project when performing the mission. [5]
primary mission
20 13 on February 28th, a spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project said: China will carry out the manned missions of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 in 20 13, and carry out the first applied flight of manned space transportation system. The mission of "Shenzhou 10" will be to "pick up and fill the gaps" in the manned rendezvous and docking technology of "Shenzhou 9". Shenzhou 10 will consolidate and optimize the manned rendezvous and docking technology realized by Shenzhou 9 and improve the imperfections of Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 8 spacecraft. According to the preliminary plan, Shenzhou-10 will fly in space 15 days and rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 target aircraft automatically and manually. Astronauts will enter the Tiangong experimental cabin for short-term manned scientific experiments and carry out popular science lectures and other interactive projects between heaven and earth. [6]
According to the mission plan, Shenzhou-10 spacecraft will be launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center from June to August, 20 13, and three astronauts will take the spacecraft to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 target aircraft in orbit. The main purpose of this mission is to provide round-trip transportation services for people and materials for the on-orbit operation of Tiangong-1, and further assess the functions and performance of the rendezvous and docking and manned round-trip transportation system; The second is to further assess the ability of the assembly to ensure the life, work and health of astronauts and the ability of astronauts to perform tasks; The third is to carry out research on astronauts' space environment adaptability and space operation ergonomics, carry out space science experiments, spacecraft on-orbit maintenance experiments and space station verification experiments, and carry out space science lectures and popular science education activities for young people for the first time; The fourth is to further assess the function, performance and coordination between systems of the project in the execution of the flight mission. [7]
In addition to consolidating the manned rendezvous and docking technology, Shenzhou 10 also adjusted the flight time, astronaut working procedures, working methods and scientific experiment project arrangement, which laid the foundation for the construction of China's space station. [8]
Decryption task
On the morning of March 3, 20 13, a large transport plane carrying the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft departed from Beijing and transported it to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Bao Weimin, director of the Science and Technology Committee of Aerospace Science and Technology Group and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that if the Shenzhou-10 mission is successful, it will mean that the transportation system of China manned spacecraft between heaven and earth has been completed, and China Aerospace will enter the space station era in the future. [9]
Zhang Bainan, chief designer of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that manned space flight in China only solved the problem of transportation between heaven and earth. In fact, the next step is to build a contracted space station to solve the long-term survival of human beings in space orbit. It should be said that the tasks and challenges in the future are still very arduous.
Building a space station, rendezvous and docking is a technical threshold that must be crossed. Only when the two spacecraft are successfully docked can astronauts and cargo travel freely between the ground and the space station. Shenzhou-8, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 are the keys to verify this technology. And then there will be more technologies to break through in the construction of the space station.
We also need to develop a small space laboratory and a cargo ship. We can transport astronauts and a small amount of experimental equipment to the space laboratory, and we have to transport larger laboratory equipment. All these tasks need to be solved, developed and verified in the follow-up work.
Tiangong-2 in China is under development. He said: "Before the space station is officially completed, a series of experiments will be conducted on Tiangong-2. In the development stage, Tiangong-2 may need to arrange some filling, that is, filling the spacecraft and space laboratory with these experiments. In this case, a new generation of launch vehicles may be needed as its carrier. In this way, I estimate that these tasks may be arranged in the 13 th Five-Year Plan. "
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estimate
2012165438+1October 10 Niu said at the The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing that the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft is scheduled to be launched in mid-June 20 13, and three astronauts will visit Tiangong-1 again.
The factory test of Chang 'e-6 rocket included 286 video clips, and 89 more multimedia records than the Chang 'e-6 rocket that launched Shenzhou-9. At the same time, Factor211mainly recorded the moving part of the arrow and the data display of ground instruments. It is confirmed that the operation process of the multimedia recording project of rocket factory trial is safe and reliable, meets the requirements of technical documents and the test is effective.
A spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project announced that China will launch the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft in mid-June, and three astronauts will visit Tiangong-1 again. On June 3rd, 20 13, the combination of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and Long March 2F remote rocket was transported vertically from the technical area of manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to the launch area. This indicates that the launch of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft has entered the final preparation stage.
Wu Ping, spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project, announced at the press conference held at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 31KLOC-0/20 17: 38 that the Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 3, carrying a flight crew.
On the afternoon of June 20 10/3, the Long March II F- 10 rocket, which carried out this launch mission, began to inject propellant.
of course
Wu Ping, spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project, announced at the press conference on June 13 that the Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June1KLOC-0/7: 38. The flight crew consists of male astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang and female astronaut Wang Yaping, with Nie Haisheng as the commander. 10 in the afternoon, the Long March II F-10 rocket, which carried out the launch mission, began to add propellant.
Edit the flight duration of this section.
Shenzhou 10 will fly in orbit 15 days. After the spacecraft is in orbit, it will rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 1 automatically and with astronauts 1 manually according to the scheduled procedure. During the combined flight, astronauts stationed in Tiangong-1 to carry out space medical experiments, technical experiments and space teaching activities. After completing the combined flight, the spacecraft was evacuated and returned to the landing site, and Tiangong-1 was transferred to the long-term orbit. [ 10]
Edit the members of this paragraph.
choose
Lieutenant General Shenzhou-10 has three astronauts [1 1], and the crew is probably still composed of two male astronauts and one female astronaut. [6] The selection of "Shenzhou 10" astronauts has not yet been determined, but it is certain that the older astronauts are still the main ones to carry out space missions. [8] The selection and training of astronauts is being carried out in an orderly manner, and the crew selection plan began in June 20 13. [6]
Astronauts Nie Haisheng (middle), Zhang (right) and Wang Yaping.
Zhou Jianping, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, made it clear when answering the question of astronaut selection: "Only Wang Yaping participated in this selection. She is the only female astronaut who participated in the selection training. " [12] "If physical conditions permit, Wang Yaping will probably go into space on Shenzhou 10". Zhang Jianqi, chairman of the China Aerospace Foundation and former vice minister of the General Armament Department, undoubtedly confirmed the above judgment to some extent. [4]
of course
The flight crew consists of male astronaut Nie Haisheng, Zhang and female astronaut Wang Yaping, with Nie Haisheng as the commander. [ 10]
Edit this paragraph safeguard measures
Through the Shenzhou-9 mission, we have obtained a lot of data about astronauts' work and life in space, accumulated some experience, and found some places that need to be improved and perfected. In order to further improve the quality of work and life of astronauts in space, the following measures have been taken:
The first is to improve the treatment of domestic garbage in the engine room. This mission has increased the variety, specifications and quantity of garbage collection bags, which is convenient for astronauts to store domestic garbage in orbit.
The second is to enrich space food, personalize the design for astronauts to increase the variety of food, and improve the sensory acceptability of food through the improvement of technology.
The third is to optimize the astronauts' working procedures and schedules and increase the time margin of work items. In addition, after replacing the floor and some limiting devices for Tiangong-1, the life of astronauts in Tiangong can be more convenient. [ 13]
Preparation for editing this paragraph
Factory preparation
Jiuquan satellite launch center Jiuquan office
On March 20 13, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft completed the factory preparation and passed the system-level review successfully. At the same time, the Shenzhou-10 launch site test team, flight control test team and recovery test team have been set up and ready to go, and will fully guarantee the smooth progress of the mission from different aspects in the coming months. Shenzhou 10 has completed the final assembly, comprehensive test, mechanical and thermal test, ship instrument joint test, man-ship joint test, ship-arrow joint test, ship-ground joint test and man-ship joint test. Shenzhou 10 has completed 1: 1 full mission model flight test, and the participants are preparing for the final delivery of the spacecraft with full enthusiasm.
By the end of March 20 13, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft had completed the final assembly and was undergoing factory testing. The Long March II F- 10 carrier rocket has been tested and is being prepared before leaving the factory. Astronaut training is going on as planned; Preparations for launch site, TT&C communication and landing site are progressing smoothly. Tiangong-1 target aircraft runs normally in orbit and is in good condition.
Shipped to Jiuquan
On the morning of March 3, 2065438, a large transport plane carrying Shenzhou-10 spacecraft departed from Beijing and transported Shenzhou-10 to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which also meant that the Shenzhou-10 mission entered the preparatory stage. According to the arrangement, Shenzhou 10 will be held on the 20th.
13 from June to August, three astronauts will rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 in orbit, which will be the longest flight time of the spacecraft in the sky, and Shenzhou-10 will fly around and dock for the first time.
Since the Shenzhou-10 and Long March -2F Tele-10 rockets entered the field at the end of March 20 13, according to the launch test process, the main work in the technical fields such as assembly and testing has been completed. After the propellant filling, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was hoisted and docked with the launch vehicle to form a complete assembly. Today, the mobile launch platform carrying the assembly slowly leaves the vertical assembly test workshop of the manned space launch site and is safely transported to the launch tower at a speed of less than 20 meters per minute along the seamless track of 1500 meters. [ 14]
Complete electrical measurement
On May 6, 20 13, the 20-day electrical survey in the launch site of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was successfully completed. From April 16 to May 6, the power-on test of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was carried out at the launch site for more than 120 hours. The test team successfully completed various modes such as subsystem inspection, special test, voice and image inspection of the world-wide loop, and flight simulation, and interpreted a lot of data. [ 15]
Combined fairing
From May 27th, 20 13, the launch test team of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and Chang 'e-6 rocket, which are preparing for Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, began to close the rocket fairing, which marked that the launch mission of Shenzhou-10 entered a new important node. On the morning of the 27th, under the joint organization of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's rocket system and spacecraft system, two semi-shields were successfully hoisted to the orbit on both sides of the spacecraft. Subsequently, the two semi-covers slowly translated on the track and docked smoothly, completely wrapping the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft in it.
Task marking
On the morning of June 3rd, 20 13, the combination of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and Long March 2F remote rocket was transported vertically from the technical area of manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to the launch area. It marks the official opening of the mission of God Ten. [2]
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carrier rocket
On February 25th, 20 13, the testers and designers of No.1 Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation successfully completed the launch test of the Shenzhou-10 Chang-2 F rocket, and then reviewed the multimedia records.
In the factory test of Chang 'e F rocket, there were 1237 multimedia records, 1 100 photos, 286 videos, and 89 more multimedia records than the Chang 'e F rocket that launched Shenzhou-9. At the same time, Factory 2 1 1 mainly recorded the data display of movable plugs, movable parts on arrows and ground instruments. Confirm that the multimedia recording items of the rocket factory test are complete, the picture is clear, the operation process is safe and reliable, it meets the requirements of technical documents, and the test is effective.
The Chang 'e II rocket that launched Shenzhou-10 was tested at the end of March. In the follow-up work, Factory 2 1 1 systematically sorted out the work items, defined the work focus, and actively carried out risk identification to avoid unidentified risk items in the shooting range work. At the same time, the technical personnel of the factory combed the process documents again and made clear the operating standards; The general assembly personnel define their own work contents, working methods, operating tools and fixtures according to the combed process documents; Testers continue to carry out quantitative control and refined management on the final assembly test to ensure the follow-up work to be carried out steadily.
On May 2, 20 13, the Long March II F carrier rocket used to launch the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft arrived at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to make various test preparations for the launch site. [16] On May 6th, the Long March II F rocket completed product state recovery and rocket body handover, and started hoisting. All the work went according to plan. [ 15]
space station
According to China's space "three-step" strategy, China will build its own space home-space station around 2020. Many technical breakthroughs are needed in the early stage of construction, such as environmental control and life support system technology, how to ensure people to work in the space station for a long time, and how to provide physical and psychological support for astronauts, all of which need constant argumentation and breakthrough. Following the launch of Shenzhou-10, China will also launch Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory, which will break through the technology of cargo spacecraft supplying materials for the space laboratory. [ 17]
Edit this space tour
When will ordinary people have a chance to dream? Yang Liwei said that China's manned spaceflight project will not consider developing space tourism projects for the time being.
Shenzhou-10 spacecraft (5 pieces)
. But he also said that with the continuous progress of technology, it is only a matter of time before ordinary people realize their dream of flying into space. According to Yang Liwei, the upgrading of China's space technology still aims at key technological breakthroughs, such as manned flight in Shenzhou 5, extravehicular activities of Shenzhou VII and manned rendezvous and docking of Shenzhou IX. We will not consider using resources for space tourism development for the time being. [ 17]
Zibo Miao will take the "Shenzhou 10" flight.
Zibo News Network News "God 10" took off, attracting worldwide attention. As the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft is about to take off, there is good news from Shandong Mingdian Garden Co., Ltd. in our city. The colorful leaf seedlings produced by this company will be carried into space with Shenzhou-10 to visit Tiangong-1 with astronauts. Recently, the small test tube for seedling cultivation successfully entered the cabin and was sealed. This is the first time that China has carried out the space seedling raising experiment of color-leafed seedlings, which fills the domestic blank and is another milestone in the field of space seedling raising. Among them, the space flight is equipped with varieties such as North American begonia and Norwegian red maple, which is also the first in the world.
Space seedling raising is a new scientific and technological field of space industry and the frontier of high technology in the world. For the general public, space technology is mysterious, remote and unfamiliar. Zibo and Shandong are proud that the colorful-leafed seedlings in the famous gardens traveled in space with the "God 10", which brought us closer to space science and technology. According to experts, space seedling cultivation mainly uses comprehensive factors such as strong radiation, microgravity, high vacuum and ultra-clean in outer space to induce genetic variation of seedlings, and explore and cultivate new varieties of colorful seedlings that cannot be created in the earth environment and are unprecedented in nature.
According to Zhang Lei, the person in charge of the Classic Garden, aerospace breeding is extremely strict in screening enterprises and products. In order to realize the dream of flying high, the company worked hard for more than two years, and finally the dream came true. It is understood that after the successful return of Shenzhou-10, colorful seedlings will be cultivated on the ground of the company's base to realize factory production and industrialized operation and fill the market gap in this field. At the same time, patents and "new plant variety rights" will be declared.