What is the cultivation method of evergreen mosaic? Many flower lovers especially like to plant evergreen leaves, but it is generally difficult to feed them. So how should we solve this problem? Next, let me show you how to cultivate evergreen leaves.
Cultivation method of evergreen mosaic 1
I. dieffenbachia picta (lodd) Short
Alias: Daifenye, Spartina, Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium adenophorum.
Classification: perennial herbaceous flowers
Family and Genus: Monocotyledon class of angiosperms in Melaleuca of Araceae in the plant kingdom.
Flowering period: summer
Evergreen leaves, also known as indigo leaves, belong to the genus Evergreen in Araceae. There are about 30 native species of this genus, mainly distributed in tropical America. 65438+ was introduced to Britain in 1960s, and soon spread to Europe, America and Oceania. Widely cultivated all over the world, its cultivated varieties are various and have entered thousands of households. The mosaic evergreen leaves are dark green, and the stripes are clear and bright, solemn and elegant; Shade-resistant, easy to maintain, generally can survive for a long time. It is an ideal foliage plant for indoor greening and decoration. Evergreen is an evergreen plant of Araceae, which is mainly used for leaf viewing. Zebra flowers resemble spots because of the spots on their leaves. ...
Second, the introduction of evergreen leaves
Evergreen leaves, also known as indigo leaves, belong to the genus Evergreen in Araceae. There are about 30 native species of this genus, mainly distributed in tropical America. 65438+ was introduced to Britain in 1960s, and soon spread to Europe, America and Oceania. Widely cultivated all over the world, its cultivated varieties are various and have entered thousands of households. The mosaic evergreen leaves are dark green, and the stripes are clear and bright, solemn and elegant; Shade-resistant, easy to maintain, generally can survive for a long time. It is an ideal foliage plant for indoor greening and decoration. Evergreen is an evergreen plant of Araceae, which is mainly used for leaf viewing. Zebra flowers are named after the markings on their leaves are similar to zebra patterns. They are also called silver vein single vanilla flowers. They are evergreen shrubs or perennial herbs and single herb flowers of Acanthaceae. The juice of leaves is very toxic and will make people dumb. Pay attention.
3. Morphological characteristics of evergreen mosaic of tiger eye
The stem height of evergreen leaves is 1 m, the stem thickness is 1.5-2.5 cm, and the internode length is 2-4 cm. The lower petiole has a long sheath, the middle petiole has a sheath, the upper petiole is long, the sheath reaches the top, and there is a wide groove; The blade is oblong, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, with a length of 15-30cm and a width of 7- 12cm. The base is round or sharp, the apex is slightly narrow and sharp, and the sides are dark green and shiny. There are many rectangular or linear rectangular plaques with different sizes between veins, which are white or yellow-green, irregular. Type ⅰ collateral veins are 15-20 pairs, which are uplifted, while type ⅱ collateral veins are slender and uplifted on the back. Peduncle is very short. The spatula is oval and lanceolate, long, narrow and sharp. Spike: the lower female inflorescence reaches the middle; The sterile neutral inflorescence accounts for 1/3 of the total length, and the flowers are scattered; Ovary carpels 2 or 3, stigma nearly separated. Berries are orange, yellow and green, with 2-3 rooms.
Fourthly, the ecological habit of evergreen.
Evergreen flowers and leaves like a semi-shady, warm, humid and well-ventilated environment. Not cold-resistant, afraid of drought, avoid strong light. Evergreen is resistant to darkness 14 days, and stored and transported at 15℃ and 90% relative humidity. Evergreen leaves should avoid direct sunlight and stagnant water. Generally garden soil can be cultivated, but sandy loam with rich humus and good water permeability is the best.
V. Cultivation techniques of evergreen leaves
Daily cultivation temperature The optimum temperature for the growth of evergreen leaves is 25 ~ 30℃, 30℃ during the day and 25℃ at night. The growth range is 18-30℃ from February to September, and 13 ~ 18℃ from September to February next year. Because it is not cold-tolerant, 5438+ 10 will move into the greenhouse in the middle of October. When the temperature is lower than 10℃ in winter, the leaves are vulnerable to freezing injury. Especially when the temperature is lower than 10℃ in winter, if it is watered too much, it will also cause defoliation and canker at the top of the stem.
If the low temperature causes plants to shed leaves, the stems will not rot, and new leaves will grow after the temperature rises. Evergreen leaves prefer wet to dry, and the soil in the basin should be kept wet, so water should be fully watered during the growth period, and water should be sprayed around evergreen and sprayed on the plants. If you don't spray water for a long time, the leaves will be rough and lose their luster. Keep the air humidity at 60% ~ 70% in summer and around 40% in winter. The most suitable soil moisture is wet and dry, so it should be watered more in summer and controlled in winter, otherwise the basin soil will be too wet, the roots will rot easily and the leaves will turn yellow and wither. When viewing indoors, you should scrub the leaves with a soft cloth to keep them clean and bright. Light-colored mosaic evergreen is resistant to yin and afraid of yang. When the light is too strong, the leaf surface becomes rough, and the leaf edge and tip are easy to scorch and even burn in a large area. If the light is too weak, the yellow and white spots will turn green or fade, and grow best in bright scattered light, and the leaves are bright and beautiful. Sunshine 40% ~ 60% is the best fertility. In spring and autumn, in addition to sunbathing in the morning and evening, shading is required around noon and in summer. Varieties with more green leaves are more resistant to shade and cold, so varieties with more milky white stripes lack chlorophyll, so special attention should be paid to strong light and low temperature insulation. Fertile, loose and well-drained loam is rich in organic matter, which is suitable for cultivating evergreen mosaic soil. Potted soil is a mixture of humus and coarse sand. 2 parts humus, sawdust or peat 1 part, and how to mix sand 1 part?
Pots of 15 ~ 20cm are commonly used for potted plants. Pot growth 1 ~ 2 years, more basal buds, can be combined with pot change for ramet propagation. If the plant grows taller, 2 ~ 3 nodes can be left at the base, and the above-ground parts can be cut off, and the remaining nodes can still sprout and branch, maintaining a good plant shape. Fertilization of evergreen leaves from June to September is the vigorous growth period, cake fertilizer and water are applied once every 10 day, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied twice after autumn. Applying nitrogen fertilizer every 1 ~ 2 months from spring to autumn can promote the luster of leaves. When the room temperature is lower than 15℃, fertilization will stop. Pest control mainly includes bacterial leaf spot, brown spot and anthracnose, and 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed. Sometimes root rot and stem rot occur. Besides paying attention to ventilation and reducing humidity, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed for prevention and control. The main points of cultivation are to like high temperature and humid semi-cloudy environment and avoid strong sunlight. The suitable growth temperature is 18-25℃, and the winter growth temperature is above 15℃. Below 10℃, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off. Loose, fertile and well-drained soil is needed. Evergreen leaves are wide, with different spots, stripes or patches, bright and strong colors, green in all seasons, elegant and beautiful. It is an elegant indoor foliage plant and one of the most respected indoor foliage plants at present.
Decorate the living room, study and bedroom with it, giving people a sense of tranquility and ease; You can also decorate the window sill with colorful plants such as colored pineapple and peacock taro, giving people a sense of competition; If it is matched with simple and lively furniture, it will complement each other. Plants planted in small pots can be placed on desks, coffee tables and bedroom countertops; Larger plants are suitable for decorating living rooms, conference rooms and offices. You can watch it in the darkroom for more than 4-6 weeks; Near the window sill, where the light is strong, you can enjoy it all year round. Winter management. Changing pots in time generally requires changing pots once in June 65438+ 10. When changing pots, old roots and persistent dead leaves should be removed, and 2 parts of humus soil, 1 part of peat and 1 part of sand should be planted. After watering, put it in the shade for a few days and move it into a greenhouse or indoors. Second, water the flowers and leaves scientifically. Evergreen trees like high humidity environment. Pot soil that overwinters indoors in winter should be dry and wet, not too dry.
If the soil in the basin is too dry, it will make the tip of the basin yellow and scorch, or even the whole plant wither. The main reason is that the roots can't absorb water. So keep the air moist and the soil moist in winter. Generally, it is advisable to water the leaves once a week and wash them with warm water to keep them bright. Third, suitable temperature and light mosaic evergreen likes high temperature and is afraid of cold. June 5438+10 will move indoors for the winter. The temperature should be kept at about 65438 05℃. Sufficient light and good ventilation are needed. When the temperature is lower than 10℃ or too wet, it often causes defoliation and even canker at the top of the stem. Weak light will cause the leaves to fade. Usually use a soft cloth to scrub the leaves, remove dust and increase appreciation. Illumination: Resistant to semi-shade, avoiding too strong sunlight, but too dark illumination can also lead to leaf fading. Water: I like moist water, so I need to water more during the 3-8 growing season. Sprinkle water frequently in summer to increase the humidity of the environment. Temperature: like high temperature, not cold-resistant, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20-30℃. The lowest overwintering temperature is above 65438 02℃. Once frozen, the leaves will wither and the terminal buds will die. Fertilizer: apply nitrogen fertilizer every month during the leaf growth period of evergreen trees to promote their rapid growth, and apply 1 double fertilizer every two weeks from March to August.
Reduce fertilization after autumn. Soil: loose, fertile and well-drained soil is needed. 4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Evergreen leaves and flowers should be raised in winter, and pest control should be done well. The main diseases are leaf spot and anthracnose. In addition to paying attention to ventilation and light transmission, the basin soil should not be too wet, and 0.5- 1% Bordeaux solution or 70% Tobezin 1500 times solution can be sprayed for prevention and control. Pests are mainly brown spot, which can be controlled by scraping with 1000 times solution or spraying 40% omethoate EC. Anti-freezing measures When the temperature is lower than 5℃ in winter, evergreen mosaic is extremely vulnerable to freezing injury, which will lead to death if it is not treated in time. Mild freezing injury: the leaves lose their due luster and droop like water loss.
At this time, the evergreen leaves should be moved to a higher temperature place to gradually return to normal. Be careful that the temperature does not rise sharply after the injury, so as to avoid the leaves wilting. Mild freezing injury: In addition to drooping leaves, there will also be scalding-like freezing injury patches. When processing, cut off the cold spots on the leaves and move the flowers to warm places. Moderate freezing injury: most of the leaves appear frozen spots, and the petiole appears stained spots and turns green. At this time, you should cut off the leaves by hand, smear the wound with plant ash or coal ash, and then put it in a warm place, properly control the moisture, so that it can slowly return to normal. Severe freezing injury: the shoots and leaves lose their green color, showing waterlogged patches, and the underground roots are frozen and rotten. Plants should be dug up in time, underground parts should be cut off, and damaged branches and leaves should be cut off. After the wound is smeared with plant ash, it should be stored in moist plain sand, and then cut in spring. If severe freezing injury occurs and the whole plant appears diseased spots, there is little hope of saving it, so it is necessary to consider continuing flowers.
Six, the cultivation method of evergreen leaves
Evergreen trees are native to tropical and subtropical areas of South America. It likes warm and humid semi-cloudy environment, is not cold-resistant and is afraid of drought. Although it likes plenty of sunshine, it is afraid of strong direct sunlight. Can be maintained in a bright place without direct sunlight. The optimum growth temperature is 65438 08℃ to 25℃. Because of the large leaf area, the evaporation of water is also large. In the growing season, in addition to watering a lot, water should also be sprayed on the leaves frequently to improve the air humidity and prevent the leaf edge from burning. Apply decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer once every 10 day. In winter, put it in bright indoor light, reduce watering appropriately, and keep the room temperature above 10℃. If there is heating in the room, spray it with water close to room temperature to avoid affecting plant growth due to air drying. Because this kind of plant rarely grows lateral branches by itself, it can be heading or pruning in cultivation to control the height of the plant, maintain the beautiful shape of the plant, promote lateral buds and achieve the purpose of more flowers. After the flowers wither, the residual flowers should be cut off in time to avoid consuming too much nutrients and affecting the plant growth. After flowering, the plants have a dormancy period of 4 to 6 weeks, so it is advisable to control watering, stop fertilization and change pots at the end of dormancy period. Potted soil should be rich in humus and have good air permeability. Can be mixed with humus soil or peat soil and 1/3 vermiculite or perlite. After changing pots, put the plants in a warm and semi-shady place, keep the soil and air moist, and wait for the new branches to sprout. The propagation of evergreen mosaic can be carried out by cutting stem segments with leaves in early summer, or cutting with root buds or root buds in winter and spring. After cutting, the soil remains moist, the air humidity is high, and it is easy to take root at 25℃.
Seven, the reproduction mode of evergreen leaves
Branching and cutting are usually used in the conventional propagation of evergreen leaves of tiger eye, but cutting is the main method. Sometimes sowing propagation can be used, and tissue culture is often used for large-scale propagation. The ramet propagation can be carried out by using the sprouting tillers at the base, usually in spring when the pots are changed. In operation, the plant is lifted out of the pot, the rhizome at the base of the stem is cut off, and plant ash is coated to prevent rot, or it is left for a period of time, and then put into the pot after the incision is dried and watered. It is not advisable to water too much after planting. Growth can be resumed in about 10 days. Cutting propagation has the best effect in high temperature period from July to August. Cut off 7 ~ 10 cm from the top of the stem, cut off some leaves to reduce water evaporation, smear the incision with plant ash or sulfur powder, insert it into a sand bed or wrap the incision with water moss, maintain a high air humidity, and place it in a semi-cool place with 50% ~ 60% sunshine at room temperature of 24 ~ 30℃ for 60 days. You can also cut the old basal segment into three stem segments and insert them directly into the soil 1/3 or bury them horizontally to induce rooting and long buds. The sap of evergreen leaves is poisonous, and its English name DUMB CANES means dumb vine, which means its stems are poisonous. Eating by mistake will make your tongue ache and make you unable to make a sound, so we should pay attention to it. Don't let the juice touch the skin when cutting, and be careful not to touch the mouth, otherwise it will make people's skin itchy and painful or cause other poisoning phenomena. Wash your hands with soap after the operation.
Eight, the prevention and control of evergreen mosaic disease
Evergreen leaves are mainly harmed by bacterial leaf spot, brown spot and anthracnose, and 50 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed. Sometimes root rot and stem rot occur. Besides paying attention to ventilation and reducing humidity, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed for prevention and control.
Nine, the "variety classification" of evergreen plants
1. There are milky white spots and patches along the lateral veins on the leaf surface of Dawangdai powder leaf.
2. In summer, the white powder leaves are dark green, the center of the leaf surface is yellow-green, the leaf margin and main vein are dark green, and there are milky white spots and patches along the lateral veins.
3. White jade leaves with pink leaves are all milky white in the center, and only the veins at the leaf edges are irregular silver.
Evergreen mosaic distribution area
Evergreen trees are native to South America and Brazil. China, Guangdong and Fujian are widely cultivated in tropical cities, and some of them are escaped. Evergreen is mainly distributed in South America, China, Guangdong and Fujian.
XI。 Functions and Uses of Evergreen Mosaic
Potted leaves are mottled and lovely, with patterns like stripes on zebras. These flowers have strange shapes and bright colors. It is an excellent indoor potted flower that can enjoy both leaves and flowers. Suitable for small and medium-sized potted plants, suitable for arranging indoor desks, shelves, windowsills and balconies. Decorate and apply small potted plants with young plants, which can be placed on desks and windowsills for viewing. You can put medium-sized potted plants in the corner of the living room and beside the sofa as decoration to make the room full of natural vitality. Evergreen leaves are broad, yellow-green, with white or yellow-white dense irregular spots, and some are golden yellow with green edges. They are bright and rich in color, beautiful and generous, and have high ornamental value. It is one of the most respected indoor foliage plants at present, suitable for potted viewing, and it is very Shu Tai and elegant to decorate the living room and study. When used in public places with low luminosity, evergreen leaves still grow normally, green and Ye Qingqing, full of vitality, especially suitable for modern buildings.
Twelve, the therapeutic or medicinal value of evergreen leaves
Hu Hua medical information and health diet information. Com is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis and medical treatment. Any health problems should be consulted by professional medical staff, and any diseases should be treated according to the doctor's advice. The ultimate flower protection task: love yourself, proceed from reality and follow the doctor's advice. For the disease, don't be careless, don't delay, don't give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the inner flower field with your heart.
Medicinal name: evergreen mosaic
The source is the dicotyledonous herb Araceae.
Efficacy, clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Mainly used for traumatic injury, tendon rupture, gold injury, sprain, sores, erysipelas, carbuncle and other diseases.
Bitter and cold in nature. Entering the heart meridian.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 3- 10g. External use: Apply proper amount to the affected area, especially fresh products.
Textual research: First published in Flora of Guangzhou. Toxic Components This species is a poisonous plant included in the Botanical Atlas Database of China, and its toxicity is the whole plant, with the stem being the most toxic, followed by petiole and leaf. This plant is the most poisonous plant in Araceae, and its juice will cause itching and dermatitis when it touches the skin. Swallowing a small tuber can cause extreme pain in the mouth and throat, leading to vocal cord paralysis, so it is called "dumb stick"; The epidermis of lips and tongue also has burns, edema and a lot of salivation, which affects swallowing and breathing. Symptoms can last for several days or more than a week. In severe cases, swelling of the mouth and tongue can lead to suffocation. Sometimes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occur. The LD50 of the evergreen tree taken orally by guinea pigs is: the stem juice is 600-900 mg/kg, and the petiole juice is more than1440 mg/kg; The ld50 of intraperitoneal injection of stem juice was 1000mg/kg, but it was nontoxic by oral administration. Animal poisoning symptoms are similar to those of people. Oral administration of its juice or extract will cause salivation, tears, tongue edema, slow pulse, dyspnea and asphyxia caused by glottis swelling. Occasional tonic spasm, and finally died. Juice dripping into rabbit eyes causes conjunctivitis and keratitis; The rats were poisoned by dripping mouth, and the histological observation of tongue showed edema, vascular congestion, basement membrane degeneration and inflammatory reaction, which may be related to histamine release. The leaves of this plant will wither in case of fire or be made into ointment by external use of juice, which can drain water and reduce swelling. The juice of freshly squeezed evergreen leaves will lead to infertility, but it has no special effect on sexual organs.
13. Landscape Utilization of Evergreen Leaves
There are many horticultural varieties of tiger-eye evergreen mosaic, and the patterns on the leaves of different varieties are different. Evergreen is an evergreen shrub-like herb, with stout and fleshy stems, and the plant height can reach1.5m. The leaves are big and bright, and they are embedded in the upper part of the stem, oval or broadly lanceolate, with an acuminate apex, the entire length is 20-50 cm and the width is 5- 15 cm. Broad leaves are dark green on both sides, inlaid with dense and irregular spots, stripes or patches of different colors such as white, milky white and light yellow; Leaf sheaths have petioles near the middle. Pedicels are extracted from leaf tips, shorter than petioles, unisexual, and the spatula and spatula are oval, and the lower part is tubular.
Fourteen Cultural background of evergreen mosaic
The name comes from the fact that the leaves of zebra leaf evergreen are rectangular, and the leaves on both sides of the green main vein are scattered with irregular white or goose yellow spots and stripes, which are particularly beautiful and elegant, like stripes on zebras, so it is called zebra leaf evergreen.
Fifteen, the flower language of evergreen leaves
Flower language of evergreen leaves: passionate and cheerful lovers. Bright leaves, vigorous vitality, cheerful and lively personality. Can give the owner the determination and action to change things.
Cultivation methods of evergreen leaves II. Are evergreen leaves poisonous/highly toxic?
Evergreen flowers and leaves look very unique, and green leaves are mixed with yellow patterns. Although it has certain appreciation value, its juice is very toxic. Once you accidentally touch the skin, it's easy to get a rash, itch too much, and even want to buckle the skin.
Not only that, the most poisonous part of evergreen is its fruit. If children at home eat the fruit of Evergreen by mistake, it is easy to cause sore throat and even hurt vocal cords, resulting in very serious consequences, that is, becoming dumb, so Evergreen is also called dumb grass. If they accidentally eat, they should go to the hospital in time.
2. Can Evergreen be kept indoors?
Evergreen is an excellent indoor foliage plant, but try not to put it in the bedroom because its juice is poisonous, that is to say, its stem is poisonous. Be more careful not to touch your mouth. Wash your hands with soap after the operation, because big leaf plants will consume a lot of oxygen at night, and eating by mistake will make your tongue ache and make no sound, so pay attention.
Moreover, as a big-leaved plant, evergreen mosaic will consume a lot of oxygen at night, which will reduce the oxygen content in a closed room and directly affect people's sleep state. Usually it is best to put it outdoors or in the living room at night, so it will not affect people's sleep.
Third, there are babies at home, and you can't raise evergreen.
Although it is beneficial to the human body and can effectively purify the air, it is best not to breed evergreen when there are children at home, because the juice of its leaves and stems is toxic, containing oxalic acid and aspartic acid, which will cause swelling and pain in the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract, and even hurt the vocal cords, making people dumb.
Especially when there are children at home, if you accidentally get juice on your skin or eyes, you should rinse it off with clear water at the first time. If you don't wash it with clear water immediately, it may even lead to insomnia. Because I am worried that the juice of evergreen will hurt my baby, it is best not to raise evergreen when I have a baby at home.