Both cities use plants as aliases.
Kyle Poirot once called Quanzhou "Erythrina City" in his travel notes. He described the city like this: "There is a port along the coast of Erythrina City. Ships are woven and carrying all kinds of goods, which are sold in various southern provinces ..."
Quanzhou has a long history of planting Erythrina, which can be traced back to the Five Dynasties. At that time, Liu Congxiao, the secretariat of Quanzhou, planted Erythrina all over the city while building Quanzhou city walls. During the flowering period, it will be full of bright and fiery flowers. This is the scene of Erythrina everywhere that Kyle Polo later saw, and Quanzhou has since gained the reputation of "Erythrina City".
The development of Quanzhou began in the Tang Dynasty. After the establishment of the Trade Department here in the Song Dynasty, it greatly stimulated the development of local foreign trade. In the Southern Song Dynasty, many royal families of the Song Dynasty moved here, which greatly promoted the development of the city. At this time, Quanzhou has developed from a small town to a big city with foreign Luocheng. Because the direction of foreign Luocheng is not very regular, the locals feel like the head of carp, so Quanzhou also has another name "Licheng".
Coincidentally, Beijing was also called "Ji Cheng" at that time, which was related to a plant called "Cirsium japonicum" which was abundant in the north. Thistle may sound strange to everyone, but when it comes to Echinacea, it is estimated that many people have eaten it. Today, this wild vegetable is still used as stuffing by many people in the north. Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty recorded: "In the past, Yao was sealed in, and now there is Ji Mountain in the northwest corner of the city, because the mountain is also named after the city." In retrospect, this thistle mountain may be covered with seaweed, so it is called "thistle", right?
The past events of two Kaiyuan temples in the prosperous Tang Dynasty
According to historical records, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict during the Kaiyuan period, demanding that all states "take the temple with Guo as the shape and change it to Kaiyuan as the forehead", that is, requiring all states to choose the best and largest temple in the city and change it to Kaiyuan Temple or Kaiyuan Temple.
Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple came from this. Formerly known as Lotus Dojo, it was built in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (686) and renamed Kaiyuan Temple in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738) under the imperial edict of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. There are many interesting stories about Kaiyuan Temple.
Photo courtesy of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou Xinhua News Agency /TAKEFOTO
The reason why the Monkey King's hometown is Quanzhou is because there is a relief named Sun Walker on the northeast wall of the fourth floor of the Tahi Tower of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou. On the northwest wall of the fourth floor, Sun Walker's "opposite door" is a statue named "Prince of the East China Sea Fire Dragon". The local people think that this is the white with the Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures. In the upper left corner, there is also a statue of a pony, that is, the statue of "Dragon Horse". Wukong's master lives not far away. There is a statue of Tang Xuanzang in the south of the West Building, and the statue of Liang Wudi, the emperor of the Southern Dynasties, is opposite him.
Because of the imperial edict of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Beijing also left such a Kaiyuan Temple. At that time, the name of Beijing was Youzhou, and there was no trace of Kaiyuan Temple in Youzhou, but Kaiyuan Temple in Zhou Shun (now Shunyi County) around Youzhou was lucky enough to be preserved to this day. The only "Kaiyuan Temple" in Beijing is located in the northeast of the old city of Shunyi, which is commonly known as "Dongda Temple" by Shunyi locals. Longquan Smoke Temple, once named longxing temple in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is one of the eight scenic spots in Shunyi. Longquan refers to a well with sweet spring water at the entrance of the temple, while the smoke tree shows the exuberance of incense here from the side. After 1000 years of changes, Kaiyuan Temple in the Republic of China was in a state of ruin and almost submerged in residential buildings. In recent years, the cultural relics department has carried out a major overhaul of Kaiyuan Temple, which has protected this historic site.
Shunyi kaiyuan temple
Today, these two Kaiyuan temples, one in the south and the other in the north, tell people about the past of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The Different Fates of Tianhou Palace
Mazu, also known as Tian Fei, is one of the important beliefs of people in the southeast coast, especially fishermen. Tianhou Palace in Quanzhou is a relatively large one in southern Fujian. Zheng He, who made seven voyages to the West in the Ming Dynasty, came here many times to pray for the safety of navigation, which shows his lofty position in people's minds at that time.
Tianhou Temple of Quanzhou
Belief in Mazu stems from people's wishes for the safety of maritime navigation, and the importance of water transportation in Yuan Dynasty is increasing day by day. Dadoucheng needs a stable food supply from the south to ensure the basic life of nearly one million people. At that time, ships in the south only needed to go to Tianjin by sea and then to Dadoucheng by canal. This long voyage across the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea was thought at that time to rely on the blessing of Tianfei to ensure a safe journey. So Tianhou Palace appeared in Tianjin and Dadoucheng in the north.
Textual research on Old News of Sunset is quoted from Wu's Hunan Hutong Collection, which records that there is a palace along the river south of Chaoyang Pass, referring to Wengcheng of Chaoyangmen. The Qiongtai Conference Draft also records a passage in the temple monument: "The old temple in the capital is west of Datong Bridge in the southeast corner of the capital. Jingtai Xinwei, Taoist Qiu Ranyuan helped Nanjing, please enter the palace. But the rules are still old, and the Buddha calls it the name of the palace. The Chenghua boxer originated from the work of raising materials and expanded it, which is called the shrine. "
According to this passage, Qiu Ranyuan, the abbot of Tian Fei Temple in Jingtai period, requested that Tian Fei Temple be upgraded to Tianfei Palace. After being approved, in order to match the scale of the temple with the "palace", he raised funds himself and expanded the scale of Tianfei Palace. This Tianfei Palace was preserved until the publication of Textual Research on Old News of the Forbidden City. At that time, the place name was the northwest riverside of Da Qiao, and the Tian Fei Temple Monument was also kept in place. However, the temple disappeared later.
Fortunately, in the hutong near Dongsi, there is also the Tianhou Palace built in the Qing Dynasty. Although this Tianhou Palace was not built to protect the safety of grain transportation (Qianlong was built to quell the rebellion in Taiwan Province Province), it has at least left a mark of Mazu culture in Beijing.
Quanzhou Wenfu Temple and Heshun Tianfu Confucian Temple
Quanzhou Confucian Temple witnessed the prosperity of Quanzhou context. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and moved here in Song Taiping during the period of rejuvenating the country (976-98 1). Its layout is "learning from the left and learning from the right", that is, the whole building is divided into two parts, the Confucius Temple in the west and the highest local university-Quanzhou Fu Xue in the east. Among them, the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple has a very high grade, which is the first of the double-eaved palaces and is extremely rare in Fujian.
Photo courtesy of Quanzhou Fuwen Temple Xinhua News Agency /TAKEFOTO
There is also such a Confucius Temple in Beijing, which is not the Confucius Temple and imperial academy that people are familiar with today, but the Shuntian Fu Xue hidden in Fu Xue Hutong in Dongcheng District. Today, it still plays an educational role and is used as a primary school in Fu Xue Hutong, Dongcheng District.
Today's Fu Xue Hutong Primary School is roughly divided into two parts, which can be roughly summarized as "Left School and Right Temple", which is the same as Quanzhou Wenfu Temple and Fu Xue.
Photo courtesy of Kong Fangang in Shuntianfu
Shuntian Fu Xue was founded in the first year of Hongwu (1368). That year, there was a folklore that it used to be a temple in the Yuan Dynasty. After the Ming army led by Xu Da invaded Dadu, the abbot of the temple offered an icon of Confucius in the main hall in order to preserve the property of the temple. As a result, the temple property was preserved, but it was really regarded as a Confucian place from then on. When Fu Xuechu was founded, it was named Daxing County School, because Beijing became Beiping County at that time, and imperial academy and Confucius Temple in the former Dadoucheng were downgraded to Fu Xue and Confucius Temple in Beiping. Later, after Ming Taizu became emperor, Beiping House was changed to Shuntian House, Confucius Temple and imperial academy in Yuan Dynasty were restored to their original positions, and Daxing County School was also changed to Shuntian House School. In the ninth year of Yongle (14 1 1), the Minglun Hall was built in the official school, which improved its status and role. In the 12th year of Yongle (14 14), Dacheng Hall was built, which made this temple complex more magnificent.
The southeast corner of Shuntian Fu Xue is the national key cultural relics protection unit: Wencheng Hall, which is divided into two parts: the main hall and the appreciation hall. According to legend, Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned here after he was captured. It is precisely because of Wen Tianxiang's loyalty that the neighborhood where the ancestral temple is located is also called "Jiaozhongfang", and there is also a memorial archway of "Jiaozhongfang" at the east entrance of Hutong. Later, an archway was erected at the west entrance of the hutong. According to the function of Shuntianfu Education, this archway was named "Yuxianfang". The functions of the two archways are very similar to those of the four archways in Chengxian Street, but unfortunately they have not been preserved.
Luoyang Bridge and Lugou Bridge have the same results.
Quanzhou Luoyang Bridge is one of the four famous bridges in ancient China. It was founded in the fifth year of the Song Dynasty (1053) and has a history of nearly a thousand years. The name of Luoyang Bridge is closely related to the Han nationality who moved south in Wei and Jin Dynasties. At that time, because people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Nandu felt that the scenery around Quanzhou was very similar to Luoyang, they named this river "Luoyang River" out of homesickness, and the bridge built on this river in the future was also called Luoyang Bridge.
Photo courtesy of Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou Xinhua News Agency /TAKEFOTO
Luoyang Bridge was originally built as a floating bridge. Because of its weak structure, it is often washed away by strong winds and waves. This large-scale stone bridge across the river and sea was built by Cai Xiang, the magistrate of Quanzhou, during your years, and it has been in use ever since. The main reason why it can continue to be used for so long is that the design of the bridge body is very reasonable. Luoyang Bridge has a very special water diversion facility, which is shaped like a bow and can reduce the impact of river water on the bridge.
Coincidentally, Lugou Bridge in Beijing has a similar design. At the pier on the north side of Lugou Bridge, there are many protective piers named "Dragon Sword", which have been silently guarding this bridge for hundreds of years. Yongding River was once called "Wuding River". It floods several times from time to time, especially the ice flood. Every winter comes and spring comes, ice cubes will flow down the Yongding River and impact the bridge. In order to solve this problem, when the ancients built Lugou Bridge, they first set the pier into an arch shape, which is exactly the same as Luoyang Bridge. Quanzhou is located in the south, so it is difficult to meet the situation of ice flood. Therefore, when designing Lugou Bridge, triangular iron columns were installed on the water surface of each pier. When the ice comes, these triangular iron columns called "Dragon Sword" chop up the ice to ensure the bridge is intact. These exquisite designs and the rich historical accumulation of Lugou Bridge itself make it one of the four famous bridges in China.