What are the aspects of democratic decision-making

First, establish and improve the decision-making mechanism combining public participation, expert consultation and government decision-making. To realize scientific and democratic decision-making, we must improve the decision-making mechanism that deeply understands people's feelings, fully reflects people's opinions, widely concentrates people's wisdom and earnestly cherishes people's resources. First of all, we must ensure people's participation in decision-making. People's participation in decision-making is not only the guarantee of scientific decision-making, but also the embodiment of democratic decision-making. It is necessary to let the people participate in the decision-making process and fully express their willingness to make decisions through publicity, hearing and other systems. Second, strengthen the role of experts in decision-making consultation and demonstration. Strengthen the construction of research and consulting institutions, pay attention to the wisdom of experts and scholars, and listen carefully to the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars through expert argumentation, technical consultation and decision evaluation, so as to respect reality, introduce notarization science and respect the law in the process of grassroots democratic decision-making. Third, improve the decision-making ability and level of administrative organs. The administrative organ is the subject and the final decider of administrative decision-making. We should strictly implement democratic centralism, implement correct centralism on the basis of democracy, and prevent delay. After making a decision, we should resolutely implement it and prevent going it alone. Second, improve the administrative decision-making rules. Define decision-making power scientifically and reasonably according to law, establish a hierarchical autonomous decision-making system, realize the unity of administrative power, decision-making power and decision-making responsibility, and adhere to the demonstration system before decision-making, voting system in decision-making and responsibility system after decision-making. On major issues concerning the overall economic and social development, we should listen to opinions from all sides on the basis of in-depth and solid investigation and study, and the leading bodies should discuss and decide collectively, resolutely put an end to the blindness and arbitrariness of decision-making and the arbitrary leadership. On major issues closely related to the vital interests of the masses, social publicity and hearings should be held to listen to the opinions of the masses. For major professional and technical matters, it is necessary to conduct expert argumentation, technical consultation and decision evaluation. Third, improve the administrative decision-making procedures. Scientific and rigorous procedures are an important prerequisite for correct decision-making. Only by making decisions according to procedures can we effectively prevent the blindness and arbitrariness of decision-making. Frank Ford, an American judge, famously said, "The history of freedom is, to a great extent, the history of observing procedural guarantees." It is necessary to adhere to the legality review, scientific argumentation and collective discussion as necessary links in the process of major decision-making, clarify the powers and responsibilities of decision-making, and achieve the unification of powers and responsibilities and the relative separation of decision-making functions and executive functions. Major decision-making matters submitted to the meeting for discussion and decision shall be accompanied by research reports and expert consultation and demonstration reports. Decisions that should be publicized to the public in advance need to listen to suggestions and opinions from all walks of life. Establishing and perfecting the information collection mechanism and making correct decisions are inseparable from comprehensive and accurate information. Establishing and perfecting information collection mechanism is the premise of ensuring democratic decision-making. Information collection should adhere to democratic decision-making, and become the research system of China livable city evaluation standard. When collecting decision-making information, we should go deep into the grassroots, the masses and conduct extensive investigation and research. Research activities should focus on decision-making issues. In the investigation, we should fully listen to the opinions of the party member and the lower party committees and governments, and brainstorm, so as to make the conclusion of the investigation realistic, clear and credible. Information collection must broaden our horizons and cover a wide range. All information that inspires, promotes and promotes decision-making, including all kinds of useful information, data, knowledge and experience, should be collected timely, accurately, fully and systematically. It is necessary to collect widely and highlight the purpose. Broaden various ways and means of information collection. Establish and improve the social conditions and public opinion survey network, strengthen the construction of public opinion feedback channels within the system, and create an effective platform for reflecting social conditions and public opinion. Establish a responsibility system for information collection, pay attention to first-hand information and cutting-edge information, and have a system of prevention, discovery and punishment for all kinds of fabrication and fraud. Establishing and perfecting the consultation and demonstration mechanism of decision-making scheme is an important step to ensure democratic decision-making on the basis of full possession of information. (1) Establish an expert consultation and demonstration system. Expert consultation and demonstration system is an inevitable requirement to expand the scope of decision-making consultation and improve the scientific nature of decision-making. Major issues, major engineering projects and decisions involving the vital interests of the masses should be submitted to expert consultation and demonstration. (2) implement the social publicity system and hearing system of decision-making scheme. Except for confidential decision-making, it should be made public all the time, listen to the suggestions of the masses and accept social supervision. In the aspect of social publicity system, it is necessary to clarify the scope and principles of social publicity in the form of regulations or systems; Determine the specific departments and supervision departments responsible for social publicity; To stipulate the specific procedures for social publicity; Grasp the content of propaganda; Clarify the way of social propaganda. (3) Establish a comparison system of various schemes. "The two edges are tangent, and the blunt can be known; The two theories are consistent, right and wrong. " The comparison of various schemes is an important method of democratic and scientific decision-making. Therefore, major decisions should invite consulting institutions or experts from different backgrounds to participate in consultation and argumentation, and put forward multiple decision-making schemes; When making a decision, you should have more than two options to choose from, and you can't make a decision without putting forward multiple options. The advantages and disadvantages of different decision-making schemes should be analyzed and evaluated fairly and objectively, and demonstration meetings attended by various institutions and professionals should be organized if conditions permit, so that the decision-making demonstration can be based on comparative identification. Establishing and perfecting the discussion and determination mechanism of decision-making scheme is the key to ensure democratic decision-making. In strict accordance with the principle of democratic centralism, we will further standardize and improve the decision-making system for important issues and major issues, effectively solve and prevent problems such as arbitrary leadership, and select the best decision-making plan. (1) defines the discussion scope of the decision scheme. As far as local party committees are concerned, the discussion scope of their decision-making plans mainly includes: formulating measures to implement the instructions of higher-level party committees and the resolutions and decisions of party congresses at the corresponding levels; Introduce notarization in the process of grass-roots democratic decision-making such as major reform programs and the collection and use of major funds for local economic construction; Important issues in party building in this region; Important arrangements for the construction of spiritual civilization and social development in the region, as well as political and legal affairs, mass organizations, armed work and other matters that need the decision and decision of the party Committee; The appointment and removal of cadres includes discussing and deciding the appointment and removal of cadres managed by Party committees at the corresponding levels, recommending candidates for reserve cadres and those who need to be elected or appointed according to law. As far as the local government team is concerned, the discussion scope of its decision-making scheme mainly includes: the national economic and social development plan of the region; Local financial budget; Policies and measures for macro-control and reform and opening up; Social management affairs; Drafting local laws and government regulations; Major issues such as large-scale projects. (2) Standardize the discussion rules of decision-making schemes. When discussing and determining the decision-making plan, the local party and government leading bodies should establish and improve the standardized procedures for discussing and determining the decision-making plan in accordance with the principles of democratic centralism and "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual deliberation and meeting decision". Before the discussion is finalized, the detailed materials of two or three sets of pre-selection schemes after consultation and demonstration should be sent to the participants in advance to ensure that the participants have enough time to understand the situation, think deeply and discuss fully; In the process of discussion and decision, participants can vote when they reach an agreement on decision-making matters. When there are big differences on major issues, the voting should be suspended, and after the meeting, it will continue to be revised and improved, and communication and consultation will wait for the next meeting to discuss and vote. (3) Improve the voting method of decision-making. In the survey, some places reflect that it is necessary to change the voting method that only means "agree" or "disagree". Among the major government decisions, the decision of the main leaders to deny the opinions of the majority shall be specially noted in the record; Some also suggested that among the traditional voting methods such as oral voting, show of hands, secret ballot and secret ballot, secret ballot and secret ballot have the best effect, and secret ballot should be adopted for cadres and personnel issues. (4) Establish a filing system for discussion and decision. When the leading bodies of the party and government discuss and decide, they should truthfully record all kinds of opinions and main reasons, make strict statistics on the voting results, and record the voting results and voting methods. Establishing and perfecting decision-making error correction mechanism is the key to ensure scientific and democratic decision-making. In the process of democratic decision-making, besides supervising all links before and during democratic decision-making, it is important to supervise the implementation of the plan after decision-making. It is necessary to revise and improve the decision-making plan in time through tracking and feedback in the implementation process of the decision-making plan, so as to ensure that democratic decision-making is more objective and practical, and the implementation of the decision-making plan receives more practical results. For example, the information disclosure system is implemented during the implementation of the decision-making plan, and the decision-making plan determined by the meeting should be publicized at different levels within an appropriate range. The implementation of decision-making implementation tracking feedback system, focusing on tracking whether the decision is implemented to the letter, whether there are new situations and new problems, whether it is necessary to adjust and correct the decision, etc. Establish a social evaluation mechanism for the decision-making implementation process. For the leading bodies of the Party and government, to evaluate the implementation of their own decisions, we should not only collect the information feedback from the Party and government system, but also look at the responses of the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and all walks of life to their own decisions, and find and correct the mistakes in their decisions in time according to the information feedback from all sides. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the decision-making evaluation mechanism of NPC and CPPCC. On the other hand, the introduction of public evaluation mechanism must take the satisfaction of the masses as the fundamental criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of decision-making. Establish and improve the mechanism of decision-making supervision and accountability, and clarify the subject and content of responsibility for the decision-making of members of the party and government leading bodies. The subject of responsibility includes individuals and collectives. Individuals include all participants in the whole process of major decisions; Collectives mainly include the leading bodies of party committees and governments. The violations of discipline and discipline that should be investigated for responsibility mainly include the responsibility of violating procedures and regulations, especially the responsibility of not operating at will according to the prescribed standards and conditions, the responsibility of concealing or distorting the truth, and the responsibility of abusing power. Implement multi-faceted decision-making supervision. Strengthen the supervision of higher party committees and governments. Party committees and governments at higher levels should organize an inspection once a year to evaluate and comment on the quality of major decisions at lower levels. Strengthen the supervision within the leadership, and strengthen the supervision of NPC, CPPCC and the people. Through the publicity of decision-making suggestions, decision-making processes and decision-making results, the masses can reflect their opinions to local party committees and governments, or directly to higher party committees and governments, thus forming effective mass supervision. Establish a system of accountability for decision-making mistakes. It is necessary to clarify the corresponding relationship between decision-making mistakes, execution mistakes and fault subjects from the system, and refine the determination of responsibility. It is necessary to clarify the responsibility and punishment standards that those who make mistakes in decision-making should bear from the system. It is necessary to clarify how to start the accountability system for decision-making mistakes and who will implement it. The start of the accountability system for decision-making mistakes should be standardized according to the management authority of cadres. Once it is decided to start, it is suggested that the superior discipline inspection or supervision and auditing departments take the lead in the investigation, and invite relevant experts to participate in the investigation if necessary. At the end of the investigation, the investigation team shall form an investigation report and suggestions on punishment, and hand it over to the leading organs with cadre management authority for handling in accordance with relevant regulations.