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Review of past dynasties
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Poetry criticism of past dynasties
Basic information of characters in orthopedics reading room
Personal glory
The origin of word division
Personal work
Review of past dynasties
works appreciation
dictionary definition
Early life experience
middle period
later stage
Analysis of background works of political ideal figures; The historical value of people's contribution; Poetry criticism of past dynasties; The bonesetting library began to edit the basic information of the characters in this paragraph.
Zheng Gu was able to write poetry at the age of seven, "Zheng Gu.
Since the year of riding bamboo, there have been poems. "Father's history, which began in the middle of the century (around 838 AD), is the secretariat of Yongzhou. In the same courtyard as the famous poet and poetic theorist Si Kongtu at that time. The picture is "amazing at first sight" and is said to be "a generation of coquettish masters". And the crown, should be Jinshi, sixteen years is not the first. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (880), Huang Chao entered Chang 'an, and the valley reached Xishu. In the third year of Guangqi (887), he was a scholar. In the second year of Zhao Zongjingfu (893), he was awarded the commandant of Jing Zhaoe County. Move to the right to fill in the blank. Gan Ning became a doctor in four years (897), and the poet at that time was called Zheng Duguan. He once wrote a partridge poem, which was widely circulated and famous, so it was called "partridge Zheng". Official-to-official cheats. After three years (903), he retired from Yichun Yangshan Bookstore. Died in Northern Rock Villa. After his death, he was buried in Jiangbei Ridge, 7 miles north of Yichun. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuanzhou magistrate had to rebuild his tomb, and now there is no trace to be found. Today, the southern section of Dongfeng Street in Yichun City was named Zhegu Road in memory of Zheng Gu in the Republic of China.
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Zheng Gu's poems are clear and clear, so they are appreciated by Xue Neng and Li Pin. With Xu Tang, Ren Tao and Zhang Jian. Zhang Qiao, Yu, Wen Xian and Li Changfu sang Ten Philosophers of Fanglin. Hougu's taste climbed to the three peaks from Nuo School, and he lived in Yunyang Taoist Temple in his spare time to compile Zheng Gu's works.
Make up three volumes for Yuntai. After returning, I compiled three volumes of Yiyang Collection and wrote another volume of National Wind Tactics. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty contains 327 poems by Zheng Gu.
Edit the source of this paragraph.
The monk came to pay homage with poems. Gu read a sentence in the morning, "In the old village, how many branches bloomed last night", but he said, "It's not early to count them. If it turns out to be good. " Miracle didn't feel prostrate and said, "I'm also a text teacher." In the late Tang Dynasty, Miracle, a monk from Hunan Province, called himself Shaman Heng Yue, wrote a poem "Early Plum" and brought it to the valley of Yangshan in Yichun, Jiangxi.
Ask Zheng Gu, a poet friend, for advice. There is a couplet in the poem: "How many branches opened in the old village of Zita Law last night". Zheng Gu looked at it and said, "It's not early to count, it's better to count one." After that, I changed "opening several branches" to "opening one branch". After listening to his words, Miracle was deeply impressed by his change. He bowed his head unconsciously and marveled at the wonderful use of the word "one", that is, he called Zheng Gu "a word teacher". Since then, Zheng Gu's reputation as a "Ci master" has been widely circulated among the literati, and relevant historical books have been loaded one after another, which has been passed down to this day.
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Zheng Gu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life. Because he once lived in Yuntai Daoshe, it is called Yuntai Compilation, a collection of Zheng Gu's works in Yiyang.
",also known as the collected works of Zheng Shouyu, * * is divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. In addition, there are books such as Yiyang Foreign Compilation and Right and Wrong National Style, some of which have been lost. There are more than 300 poems written by Zheng Gu in the whole Tang Dynasty. Zheng Gu's official career is smooth, and his poems mainly praise things and express the lofty leisure of literati, lacking social content and few classics handed down from generation to generation. Zheng Gu's poems pay attention to phrasing, but they are clear, simple and easy to understand. Its quatrains are graceful and graceful. Three addenda to tang poetry.
Edit this historical review
Zheng Gu's poems were famous in the late Tang Dynasty, titled "Edited by Yuntai", but they were called officials in the secular world, and were called "Du Zhengguan's poems". His poems are the works of Zheng Gu.
Interesting, and many beautiful sentences, but its case is not very high. In Yi's words, most people teach children, and I recited them when I was a child. Today, its collection is no longer suitable for this world. (Song Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1st) Gu's poems are clear and good, and they are appreciated by Xue Neng and Li Bo. (Yuan Xinwenfang's Biography of Tang Talents, Volume 9) Zheng Duguan's poems are not sharp and fresh, but they are too delicate. With their approachability, they lived in Zhizhi in the early Song Dynasty. (Ming Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Qian", Volume 8) Despite the saying that "the word monk is still humble in poetry", many people included the word "monk" in his poems, which was ridiculed by the ancients. But after Dali, the public borrowed teachers to sing for a long time. (ditto) Zheng Shouyu has a sad tone and can recite it. Is it special that "partridge" enjoys the name of immortality? (Xue Yi Piao Shi Hua) Gu was named after The Partridge Poem, also known as the partridge Zheng. However, his poetic style is modest, and the seventh sentence is particularly repeated. Kou's Materia Medica refers to "correspondence", which is not good, but it is not excellent. Fang Hui's Ying Lv Kui Sui, also called Shi, used the word "monk" in more than 40 places. Gu has a saying: "Poetry is humble and has no monk words." This is the same as Zhang's Gui, claiming that the word "plum blossom" in the poem has a clear meaning, which appeals to both refined and popular tastes and cannot be praised as a beautiful talk. As for other works, they are often smooth and unique, and they are solid in the late Tang Dynasty. (Sikuquanshu Volume 15 1)
Edit this passage for appreciation.
Five questions from China and Thailand: What is the height of Song Ge? Whose number is Rumao? It's freezing at night, so I'm sorry to accompany Cao. Huai Shang bid farewell to his friend, Yang, the head of the Yangtze River, fearing to kill people crossing the river. The breeze blows gently, the flute whimpers, and the pavilion dyes dusk. You want to go south to Xiaoxiang, and I want to run to the west Qinling. The hills of the Seventh Ancestor Courtyard are getting smaller and smaller, and the corridor cars are closed day by day. No one went to Emei, but I watched the rockery from the monk window. In the chardonnay, the apes wailed around the trees, and the rain drifted across the balcony alone. This wave didn't come for nothing. I caught a glimpse of the spring breeze. The Spring Festival Gala in Shu Dong is so floating, and it is a long farewell to spring. Yang Huaxue on Tongjiang just flew around by boat. Huaihe fisherman Pulsatilla waved his white head, and his family was surrounded by boats. He just caught a bass, and his son and grandchildren are busy collecting firewood in the silver grass to make a fire and roast fish. Lotus leaves move the boat, the water splashes green, and the handle is fragrant to meet the wind. Thank you, Huansha, for staying in the rain. Xia Meng, the prime minister, only suggested that the Ten Rhymes Festival in the southern suburbs should wait peacefully, and the affairs in the suburban palace should be clean and ashamed. Listen to God sincerely, and Mingde will worship the dome. Use exquisite pottery utensils, and the fragrance will not flow. On the Yang Chen Victory, Kuang Guo prayed for a grand rest. It's getting blue and dew, and the wheat is cool in autumn. The Hengzi Pavilion in Ai Rui Shou Shan embraces Huangzhou. In foreign countries, the class is orderly, and the middle is strict and the west is excellent. Play songs and prepare three kinds of wine to show respect and gentleness. Red cliff returns phoenix, ask cow again. Wanfang looks forward to the auxiliary wing, and * * * congratulates Huang You. Weiyang building looks at Huangzhou with thousands of flowers and looks at this building. The drizzle does not hide the color of Qin trees, and the sunset shines on Weihe River. Learning from the past is not as good as learning from the past. Today, I never forget the worries of yesterday. I haven't started the dust yet. Maybe I can rest alone. Partridges warm up and play tobacco, and the product flow should be close to pheasant. When it rains, the grass on the southeast lake of Dongting Lake passes through from Anil Kumar Bachu Lake; The petals of Huangling Temple fall and partridges sound. A wanderer smells wet sleeves, and a good man sings low eyebrows. Xiangjiang River is wide, and bitter bamboo bushes are deep in the west. Middle-aged desert Qin Yun is sunny, and the New Year scene enters middle age. Love hates flowers without words, and sorrow knows that wine has the right. The walls are covered with moss, and the old fields are recalled on rainy nights. Decline and complacency add poetics, and even change the previous topic into several links. I dropped out of the second place, and I haven't been on the Dan ladder for two years. Fishing is a pity. Pear blossoms are full of spring, and it is late to break the fence. Never leave Chang 'an with an apricot. Shi Hao should be suspicious of peony. Only returning farmland to fields can't work, and the water in the village has been blown away.
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Han Zhengzi really lives in seclusion in Taniguchi. See "Han Shu Wang Gong Liang Bao Gong Xu Chuan". Later, "Zhenggu" generally refers to seclusion. Tang Du Fu's poem "Zheng Yima's Family Banquet Cave": "Naturally, it is Qin Lou who presses Zheng Gu, and as one pleases knows it." Autumn note: "The Words of the Yangtze River":' Taniguchi Zheng Zizhen, planted under the stone, is called the capital. "Tang Huang Tao Ji Shu": "In real time, I will go fishing in Yantan and finally go to Zhenggu. Outdoor mountain green, green wine in the bottle. "
Edit this life experience
Primitive period
Zheng Gu, a native of Yichun (now Yuanzhou District), was born in Dazhong (AD 848) and died in Kaiping (AD 909), the ancestor of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Liang, at the age of 6 1. Zheng Gu's father, Zheng Shi, was admitted to Jinshi. When he was an official in Liuzhou, he was a colleague with Si Kongtu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. When Zheng Gu was seven years old, Si Kongtu was amazed when he saw his poems and essays. He patted him affectionately on the shoulder and said, good boy, you will become a "coquettish master" in the future! It can be seen from this episode that after he returned to Yichun in his later years, he first built a house under the diagenetic rock, and then built a thatched cottage at the foot of Yangshan Mountain. Therefore, he should have been born in Liuzhou's father's office and studied and grew up there. When he returned to Yichun in his later years, his hometown had no house and relatives. However, his deep-rooted homeland complex made him choose to return to his roots in his later years.
middle period
Although Zheng Gu was brilliant since he was a child, his imperial examinations and official career were not smooth. At the age of 2 1, Zheng Gu failed in the imperial examination for the first time in Sun Shan. After that, I took the exam 10, and I won the Jinshi at the age of 40. Because of the turbulent situation, he was awarded the county magistrate of Jingzhao County at the age of 45, and was soon promoted to the right. At the age of 50, he was promoted to be the official of Shangshu (about equivalent to a modern departmental official), so he was called "Zheng Duguan".
later stage
In the first year of God bless in Tang Aidi (AD 904), Zhu Quanzhong forced the emperor to move the capital to Luoyang and burned down Chang 'an Palace. Seeing that the Li Dynasty was already unlucky, Zheng Gu, prompted by a monk in Yichun, abandoned his official position and returned home. He first built a house under the diagenetic rock, and then lived in seclusion in Yangshan. He died in 909 AD. After his death, he was buried in Jiangbei Ridge, 7 miles north of Yichun. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuanzhou magistrate had no choice but to repair the tomb. There is no trace now.
Editing this political ideal
Although Zheng Gu's dream of making great achievements in politics was shattered, his poetry creation was outstanding. There are 325 of his poems in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, and Zheng Gu compiled them in the collection of poems, Yuntai Compilation and Yiyang Collection, totaling more than 1000. Unfortunately, the version has been lost. Therefore, Zheng Gu and the famous poets at that time, such as Xu Tang, Ren Tao, Zhang Bin, Li Qiyuan, Zhang Qiao, Yu, Wen Xian, Li Changfu, etc., were collectively called "Ten Scholars of Fanglin" (also known as "Ten Scholars of Immortality"). Some even called Zheng Gu a great poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Finally, the poet finally lived a sad and remarkable life in this contradictory state of mind that he wanted to be detached and could not be detached. Zheng Gu, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was also a loser in his political career. However, the setbacks in his career changed their creation and made their poems immortal. As the saying goes, "A lost corner gains Sang Yu", and "A lost horse is a blessing in disguise". The wonderful life of ancient philosophers really deserves people's eternal reflection. I'm afraid this is one of the reasons why Zheng Gu Reading Hall can become a historical attraction. Unfortunately, with the decay of the imperial court and the decline of the country in the late Qing Dynasty, the Zheng Gu Reading Hall was also reduced to ruins and then disappeared into the firewood. For nearly a hundred years, no one has set foot on it. Fortunately, in recent years, with the strengthening of tourism economic awareness, people have more and more clearly recognized the multi-faceted value of cultural monuments. Therefore, the Zheng Gu Reading Hall and the nearby Yin Qi Temple have been put on the agenda for reconstruction by all walks of life. It is expected that in the near future, this quaint thatched cottage will reappear in front of people with the style of a long-lived scholar.
Edit the background of this paragraph.
Tang Xizong Zheng Gu (849-9 1 1) was born in Yuanzhou, Jiangxi (now Yichun). His father is Zheng Shi, and his brothers are Zheng Qi and Tang Xizong.
They are all poets in the Tang Dynasty. Influenced by his father and brother, Zheng Gu was able to write poetry at the age of seven. "Ride on bamboo and sing". At that time, Si Kongtu, a famous poet and poetic theorist, was "shocked at the sight, and said: Be the master of coquettish generation". In the third year of Guangqi in Tang Xizong (AD 887), Zheng Gu was admitted as a scholar, and the official was Zheng Duguan. Zheng Gu's poem Partridge is famous all over the world, so it is also called Partridge Zheng. Zheng Gu, Xu Tang, Zhang Qiao and Ren Tao, nine people in the same era, often sang and returned, and their poems were quite famous, known as "Ten Philosophers of Fanglin". During the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Gu "stayed loyal to righteousness and lived alone, not in the realm of fame and fortune", and resolutely retired to his hometown Yangshan, leading a secluded life of "Old Mountain has its old forest".
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Zheng Gu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life. Because he once lived in Yuntai Daoshe, he called the collection of poems Yuntai Bian, and one was Yiyang Ji, also known as Zheng Shouyu's Anthology, which was divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. In addition, there are books such as Yiyang Foreign Compilation and Right and Wrong National Style, some of which have been lost. There are more than 300 poems written by Zheng Gu in the whole Tang Dynasty. Zheng Gu wrote a seven-tone "Partridge", which is a household name and all the rage. Its poem says: warm play is full of smoke and weeds, and the product flow should be close to pheasant. When it rains, the grass on the southeast lake of Dongting Lake passes through from Anil Kumar Bachu Lake; The petals of Huangling Temple fall and partridges sound. A wanderer smells wet sleeves, and a good man sings low eyebrows. Xiangjiang River is wide, and bitter bamboo bushes are deep in the west. Partridge is a beautiful bird, with brightly colored feathers, resembling a pheasant and as big as a pigeon, distributed in the south of Chinese mainland. It is said that "there is no hook in the cloud", which is also commonly known as "walking on the road is not a brother." The ancients often used the partridge cry to express the loneliness and sadness of the relocated people and the thoughts of the wanderers for their loved ones.
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Du Xunhe's late Tang Dynasty poet lived in a dark and turbulent era and cared about social disasters and people's livelihood. Nie's Ode to the Family, Du Xunhe's Widow in the Mountain and After the Chaos, etc. It is particularly profound and painful to reflect the chaos of the people and the chaos of the world. But judging from the overall situation of poetry creation at that time, this aspect still failed to occupy a major position. Among the famous poets, only Zheng Gu, Wei Zhuang and Luo Yin lived in the early Five Dynasties. They experienced all kinds of disasters during the change of dynasties, which more reflected the chaos of the times. After Zheng Gu became an official, he repeatedly "ran around" in the struggle of the powerful governors before the demise of the Tang Dynasty. There are more than 300 poems in Zhenggu, of which nearly 100 are about his exile, which is related to the current situation. For example, "Jingzhou is still unclear, and the small county is in Maozi", "The rumor is very uncertain, when will it be returned" ("Two Stories in the Gorge"), involving the long-term siege of Jingzhou by the Qin Zongquan army during the Guangqi period, and the Nuopai fled because of the threat of powerful princes. "Ten people are still delivering food, but the news of Sichuan has not stopped" ("Wandering"), which describes the destruction of the family and the war in Sichuan, and reveals that the country has no peace and the people are in trouble. "Visiting the neighboring multi-finger graves and asking for directions to move to the original site" ("Visiting Gudi Weikou Mountain Villa") makes people imagine the painful scene of the new graves and the changes in the graves and valleys after the war. In addition to Zheng Gu's "Running Away", "Visiting the Old" and other works repeatedly reflect chaos, his farewell poems also involve chaos. "I haven't heard from Zhang Qiao for a long time" says: "I will eventually go to Chenggu and return to Wu along the Huai River. What's the mess? Are you home safely? All the trees are hanging in the wild, and the thin moon fills the lake. Sad around the village, there should be less old farmers. " Caring for friends' feelings and feeling the current situation blend together, which is simple and simple, and can represent Zheng Gu's poetic style. At the same time, due to the disorderly separation from friends, there is a sad charm in the poem.
The historical value of editing this paragraph.
People in the hometown of Yichun, a statue of Li Deyu, have always respected this famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. They used to regard Zheng Gu, jing yuan (who was the magistrate of Shu County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it was difficult to live in seclusion in Yuanzhou to avoid his brother), Han Yu (the first of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, who once demoted Yuanzhou as a historian), Li Deyu (the son of Ji Li Fu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, who once demoted Yuanzhou as a long history and later became the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty), Zhao Lu (originally from Yichun, the "Han Wengong (Yu)" built by Song Zu. In the old days, there was a street named "Zhegu Road" in the south of Yichun City to commemorate "Zhegu Zheng". In recent years, Yichun City has vigorously developed and constructed human landscape. In the Yuanshan Park completed in 2004, a "Zhegu Pavilion" was built in the name of "Zhegu Zheng". When tourists come here, will people who "just read a roll of Yuntai" "listen to the partridge"?
Edit this passage to comment on poems of past dynasties.
Scholars of all ages have different views on Ji Xiaolan's evaluation of all Zheng Gu's poems. Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty said in "Poems on June 1st" that Zheng Gu's poems are "extremely interesting and full of eulogies", but he bluntly said that "the style is not high". Tong Zong's opinion is very euphemistic. He said that Zheng Gu's poems are "well-fed and well-fed, although the style is not very high", but "the meaning of a word of exercise is rarely out of line". The new viewpoint in Yuan Dynasty was slightly different. He believes that "Gu is clear and bright, but not vulgar." . However, Ye He Fei Jiashu spoke highly of Zheng Gu in the Ming Dynasty. Ye praised Zheng Gu as a heavyweight with a history of 300 years in the Tang Dynasty. Fei Jiashu not only praised Zheng Gu's "lofty Sao altar", but also said that his poem was a masterpiece of "Du Li is stubborn, is it the same as the suburban island?". There is also a saying in the Summary of Sikuquanshu, which was edited by people in the Qing Dynasty, that Zheng's poems are "often in tune with the style, but independent in thought", but "to get rid of its superficiality and take its essence, he will become a master in the late Tang Dynasty". However, it is good to call him "elegant male generation" or "not very high style", but they all have their own needs and opinions. Objectively speaking, from the perspective of "getting rid of its superficiality and taking its essence", Zheng Gu has made remarkable artistic achievements in poetry creation after all, and some of Zheng Gu's works do have profound social significance. Zheng Gu's "After Chu Peace, Rural and Farming Decoupling"; Zheng Gu's "Visiting Neighbors' Finger Graves and Asking for directions to move to their original homes"; Zheng Gu's "When the mutinous soldiers take a break, the old friends are all"; Zheng Gu's "Ten mouths are still eating, and the news in Sichuan has not stopped"; And Zheng Gu's poems, such as "I can't do anything, and hunger is mostly self-cultivation", mostly expose and criticize the social reality of the decline and poverty of the people in the late Tang Dynasty, and express the poet's thoughts and feelings of caring for and sympathizing with the sufferings of the working people. Although it is difficult to compete with Du Li, it inherits Du Fu's realistic tradition, so it is called "the poetic history of Xian Tong in the post-Luozong and Zhaozong times" in the late Tang Dynasty by later generations, and it can really be called "the master of the late Tang Dynasty". Zheng Gu's other poems, such as chanting things, parting or feeling, are fresh and popular in style, light and fluent, and beautiful in language. For example, in "Chrysanthemum", "The dew is wet and the autumn fragrance is full of pool shore, and the origin is not envious of the height of tile pine"; For example, in "Haitang", "I can't see enough when I'm drunk, so I envy his butterfly branches"; For example, in "Farewell to Friends in Huaishang", "Several bagpipes leave the pavilion late, you go to Xiaoxiang and I go to Qin"; For example, in the singer at the dinner table, "There are also Jiangnan guests in the seat, don't sing partridges against the spring breeze"; Another example is the chanting of "moss on the wall, rain remembering spring fields all night" in Middle Age, with beautiful writing, euphemistic thoughts, rich emotions and lasting charm. After reading it, it is pleasing to the eye and memorable. Zheng Gu —— Celebrities commented on the Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry. Poets and poets in past dynasties spoke highly of Zheng Gu's Teacher Yi Yan Tang and the poem Partridge. There is a poem saying: "Zao Mei is a lyricist, and Qi can't thank him"; There is a poem saying: "The teacher of one word has worshipped, and he lingers alone after the early plum blossom"; There is a poem that says, "I just read a scroll of Yuntai, and I suspect that the sound of partridges is in my ears"; There is a poem saying: "The old pine beside the reading hall makes the address desolate and the partridges sing"; There is also a poem that says, "Why is the partridge poem popular for thousands of years? ".In Yuan Dynasty, the new study praised Zheng Gu for" tasting partridges and warning them ". In Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengtan called the poem "Zheng Yanggu" "Bi Xing's Legacy"; Shen Deqian also said that the poem "Partridge" was "better in three or four words than" Hook "and praised it as" winning by charm ". The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry, published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House 1983, also said that the poem "Partridge" was "far from the spirit, but it still showed the poet's strong homesickness" and praised "the poet firmly grasped the emotional connection between man and partridge"
Edit this paragraph of Zheng Gu Reading Hall.
Yin Qi Temple is located in the southeast village of Hongjiang Township, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, next to Yangshan Yin Qi Temple. There is a mountain ridge called Shutang Mountain. Bone-setting reading hall
In the middle of Shutang Mountain, a stone's throw away from Yin Qi Temple, there is an ancient house site. That is the former site of the famous Zheng Gu Reading House. The name of Shutangshan came from this. Zheng Gu Reading Hall used to be a scenic spot in Yichun, especially praised by poets and poets in past dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda, Xin Qiji and Zhu all paid their respects here. The reason why Zheng Gu Reading Hall deserves tribute is that Zheng Gu has a high historical reputation, and his poetry and personality are exemplary. Zheng Gu is the first famous poet in Yichun County (now Yuanzhou District) who gained an important position and extensive influence in the national poetry circle, and also the greatest poet in Jiangxi in the Tang Dynasty. Today, Zheng Gu is still the pride of Yichun and even Jiangxi people.