Grape diseases will seriously affect the yield of grapes. Do you know how to protect them?

At present, the grape varieties planted in southern China are mainly European and American varieties with strong disease resistance, such as sunshine rose; Large-leaf varieties, such as rattan kernels, have strong resistance and medium quality; Victoria, ChristianRandPhillips, Red Earth and South Jade are resistant to storage and transportation. Also often planted Guankou grape, seedless white, summer and autumn black and other varieties. In order to reduce the impact of rainfall on grape quality, the development idea of "reducing open cultivation, promoting rainproof cultivation and demonstrating greenhouse cultivation" was popularized in South China, and measures such as greenhouse cultivation and rainproof cultivation were vigorously promoted. The main pests in local grape production are green blind stinkbug and thrips. Diseases include downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, brown spot and chlorosis. Preventive and control measures are summarized as follows

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Rational fertilization, irrigation, application of basic fertilizer, combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, combined application of micro, medium and large fertilizer, reasonable fertilization, improve soil fertility, enhance tree vitality and reduce fruit cracking. Organic fertilizer is generally applied in June10 ~ February 12, and compound fertilizer is suitable for mature grapes; Nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer can be applied after the flower and fruit expansion period. Water properly before flowering, fruit expansion period and flowering period, and apply base fertilizer after autumn and before wintering.

Cleaning vineyards in time is one of the important measures of orchard management, which can kill conidia and overwintering eggs of pathogenic bacteria in vineyards, thus greatly reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests in vineyards. During the onset, clean up the park, remove diseased leaves, diseased grains and diseased ears from trees and the ground, and bury them deeply.

The purpose of rational pruning and plastic pruning is to promote the balance between plant reproductive growth and vegetative growth, and to control the distribution and flow of nutrients purposefully. By pruning, tying vines and pinching stems, the surface of the cage is ventilated and transparent. Cutting and controlling new shoots is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission of grape branches. The trunk is covered with plastic film to reduce the influence of drought, rainy and dry weather on grape quality in spring. We can spray the whole tree with liquid fertilizer added with humic acid or amino acid. On the one hand, it can prevent windy weather caused by malnutrition and slow growth of trees. On the other hand, it can prevent cold and freezing.

Downy mildew is harmful to grape quality. At the initial stage of the disease, disordered spots began to appear at the lesion site, and then expanded into polygons. Rainy and humid weather will aggravate the severity of the disease, and then a layer of white downy mildew will appear at the diseased site, the diseased leaves will fall off, and the cold resistance of the plants will become worse. Control method: spraying bordeaux solution once every 1-2 weeks for 3 times in a row has a good control effect.

Pest control, the most serious pest of grapes is midges. Insecticides can be used in the young fruit stage, pre-bud stage, before and after flowering, and beta-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and praziquantel can be used alternately. Cotton planting or interplanting with straight roots and green leafy vegetables are not allowed in the vineyard.

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