This whole process should usually include investment estimation, design budget estimation, budget (pre-tender price quotation), settlement and final accounts. The contents of project cost consultation should be comprehensive, including economic analysis, risk analysis, value analysis, system analysis, resource management, schedule management, quality management, contract management, information technology and many other new contents besides traditional cost determination and narrow sense cost control.
In the whole process of project cost management, consulting institutions can not only assist government departments in macro-control, but also directly act as consultants and spokespersons for owners and contractors. In order to determine the cost fairly and reasonably, ensure the authenticity and reliability of the project price, accurately reflect the project value, and ensure that both the owner and the contractor obtain reasonable economic benefits, the project cost consulting agency should control the whole process cost of the construction project from the following aspects.
First, the decision-making stage of construction project cost control
Investment decision control of construction project refers to the preparation of opportunity study, preliminary feasibility study, project proposal and investment estimate in the early stage of construction, as well as the feasibility study and analysis of environmental impact assessment, financial assessment, national economic assessment and social assessment.
At this stage, in order to choose the most economical construction scheme, at the beginning of the feasibility study of the decision-making project, the investor entrusts the cost consulting unit to conduct market research, investment calculation, fund raising, risk analysis, profitability and repayment ability analysis on the proposed project, providing various schemes for the selection of the decision-making project and the formulation of various economic indicators, so that the investor can choose the best investment scheme and make reasonable and accurate investment decisions on the project economically. This is the premise and basis of project decision-making, which has a decisive impact on the cost of construction projects and the economic benefits after the project is completed.
Second, the cost control in the survey and design stage
Engineering survey and design is a policy, technical and comprehensive work. It is a process of overall planning and implementation intention of construction projects. It is the key to project construction and plays a decisive role in the cost of the construction project and whether it can achieve better economic results after completion. Investigation is very important for doing a good job in design and preventing claims after construction. If the geological data is inconsistent with the actual situation, it will inevitably lead to design changes, delay the construction period and increase the cost. The influence of design scheme on project cost is fundamental, and the main influencing factors are general layout, selection of architectural and structural schemes, design depth and so on. The more detailed the design, the more accurate the engineering quantity required for quotation and the technical parameters required for equipment inquiry.
In this stage of cost control, the investor entrusts the cost consulting unit to assist the owner to put forward design requirements, organize design scheme competition or design bidding, and adopt technical and economic methods to organize the selection of design schemes; Assist the design unit in quota design, prepare the fund use plan at this stage and control the payment; Tap the potential of design, make technical and economic analysis, comparison and demonstration of design by using value engineering, and further seek the possibility of saving investment on the premise of ensuring function; According to the preliminary design scheme, prepare the preliminary budget estimate and capital flow estimate table; Review the design budget, try to ensure that the budget does not exceed the estimated budget and the budget does not exceed the budget, so as to avoid the investor's influence on the project progress due to insufficient fund raising.
Third, the cost control in the bidding stage.
Project bidding is an effective mechanism to select the best construction enterprise at the lowest reasonable cost according to the competitive mode, and the result of this stage directly affects the construction cost of the project.
At this stage, in order to control the project cost, the investor entrusts the cost consulting unit to assist in formulating the bidding scheme; Clarify the contents of drawings of various disciplines, and prepare the bill of quantities and pre-tender estimate of the project subject to tender; Assist in bid evaluation and put forward bid evaluation suggestions; Clearly specify the content and scope of special expenses such as lump sum fee and risk coefficient, and carefully write the terms of the bidding documents in clear and accurate language and words; Assist investors to comprehensively consider the credibility of the construction unit, personnel quality, project construction organization design, quality assurance measures and other conditions. Because the quality of the construction scheme of the bidding enterprise directly affects the construction and installation cost of the project, special attention should be paid not to ignore the influence of the construction scheme on the cost and assist the investor to sign the contract. As a contract that runs through the whole construction process and settlement process, contract is the main basis for determining project cost and plays a very important role in project cost control. Initially clarify the project settlement method, contract price change regulations, materials and equipment supply methods, subcontracting project management, etc., to avoid the occurrence of "low quotation and high claim" and remind investors of the impact of the construction period on the project cost.
The construction period required by investors is often much shorter than the normal construction period. The cost consulting unit should make investors realize that speeding up the construction progress to shorten the construction period will increase manpower or mechanical equipment and high-cost construction methods, thus increasing the project cost.
Fourth, the cost management in the construction stage
The construction stage is the operation process of fulfilling the contract and implementing investment control, and it is the stage when the engineering design intention is finally realized and the engineering goal is formed. Due to the long construction period, many influencing factors and large fluctuation of material prices, site treatment factors will directly affect the project cost. It is of great significance to take effective measures to strengthen investment control at this stage for managing and using funds well and controlling project cost effectively.
In the process of construction, the cost consulting unit should assist the owner to carefully review the construction organization design and adopt the economic and technical comparison method for comprehensive evaluation; Focus on reviewing all kinds of unreasonable construction measures in construction organization design to increase costs; Check the changes of each sub-item, quantity and amount; Determine the engineering change price according to the engineering change price clause in the contract; Calculate the engineering quantity according to the calculation rules and payment terms agreed in the construction contract; Review the project change plan from the aspects of cost, functional requirements, quality and construction period, and negotiate with the construction unit and contractor to determine the project change price before the project change is implemented; Collect and sort out construction and supervision information, and provide a basis for handling cost claims; Assist investors to choose appropriate payment methods; According to the relevant provisions of the construction contract and construction drawing, the risk analysis of the project cost target is made, and the preventive countermeasures are formulated.
Five, the cost management of the completion acceptance stage
This stage includes completion settlement, warranty return visit and trial operation effect evaluation, which is the last link in the whole process of investment control. Audit settlement is not only based on the terms stipulated in the contract, but more importantly, whether the settlement is carried out according to the actual situation, whether it is completed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the construction contract, whether there are redundant sub-items, whether there are unrealistic visas such as repeated calculation of quantities, etc. , so as to truly reflect the actual project cost. Negotiate with the construction unit and contractor on the total amount of completion settlement.
The cost consulting unit shall carefully and timely conduct the audit and settlement at the completion acceptance stage, and audit the engineering change, increase or decrease of engineering quantity and material replacement item by item according to the contract terms, drawings, quota and project budget. Carefully check the terms of the project, check the acceptance records of concealed works, verify the quantities according to the completion drawings, and pay attention to the calculation of various expenses, so that the completion settlement can truly reflect the project cost; Analyze the relevant data and indicators of the budget and final accounts report, compare and analyze the total cost and unilateral cost of the completed project with the estimated cost, and prepare the cost control report; During the warranty period after the completion and acceptance of the construction project, a return visit shall be conducted to assist the owner in making a claim; Evaluating the investment effect of the project, judging whether the initial investment decision is correct, and analyzing whether the design purpose is achieved and the cost control in the use process are beneficial to the investment control analysis of similar projects in the future.
Ending of intransitive verbs
The whole process cost management of construction project is a highly technical and professional work, which runs through all stages of investment decision-making, project design, bidding and construction. The key to the whole process cost management of construction project is to strictly manage and control the cost of each stage of the project, and infiltrate the concept of controlling the cost of construction project into each stage of the project. Engineering cost consulting institutions should try their best to participate in the whole process cost management of construction projects, reasonably determine and effectively control the construction project cost, maximize the investment benefit, and give full play to the due role of professionals.
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