More articles about "geography knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade" recommend (↓↓↓↓) the summary of geography knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade.
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Chapter VI The continent where we live-Asia
Section 1 Location and Scope
First, the largest continent in the world.
1. Location:
Hemisphere location: most of them are located in the northern hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere.
② Location of land and sea: it faces the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean in the south; The Bering Strait is bounded by North America in the northeast, across the sea from Oceania in the southeast, the Suez Canal and Africa in the southwest, and the Urals, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Black Sea, Turkish Strait and Europe in the northwest.
③ Latitude position: It spans tropical zone, temperate zone and cold zone, and most of them belong to temperate zone.
2. Asia is the largest continent in the world, with the widest latitude and the farthest distance from east to west.
3. Asia is geographically divided into six regions: East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and North Asia.
4. Explain the relationship between the living differences of residents in different parts of Asia and the environment.
Section 2 Natural environment
Second, topography and rivers.
1. Topographic features: various types, mainly plateau and mountain; The terrain is undulating, high in the middle and low around.
2. Characteristics of rivers: They mostly originate from the central plateau and mountainous areas and radiate to the surrounding oceans.
Rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean: ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River;
Rivers flowing into the Pacific Ocean: Yangtze River, Yellow River, Heilongjiang, Mekong River, etc.
Rivers flowing into the Indian Ocean: Ganges, Indus, etc.
The flow direction of these rivers is influenced by topography. Many inland rivers in Central Asia, such as Tarim River, Amu Darya River and Syr Darya River, eventually disappeared in the desert or flowed into inland lakes because they were far away from the ocean and had little precipitation.
3. Asia's geography is the best:
Himalayas-the highest mountain range in the world;
Mount Everest-the highest mountain in the world;
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, is known as the "roof of the world".
Caspian Sea-the largest lake in the world;
Lake Baikal-the deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world;
Dead Sea-the lowest land point in the world;
Arabian Peninsula-the largest peninsula in the world;
Malay archipelago-the largest archipelago in the world.
Sibida Plain-the largest plain in Asia;
Yangtze River-the longest river in Asia;
Mekong River-the largest river flowing through Asian countries.
Third, the complex climate.
1. Climate characteristics: ① complex and diverse; ② extensive continental climate; ③ The monsoon climate is remarkable.
2. The main factors that form the climate characteristics of Asia:
Latitude: Asia spans the tropics, the north temperate zone and the north frigid zone.
② Land and sea location: East, north and south are close to the ocean, and the west is deep into the Eurasian continent.
(3) Topographic factors: The terrain is dominated by mountains and plateaus, and the terrain fluctuates greatly.
3. East Asia and South Asia are the regions with the widest monsoon climate distribution and the most typical monsoon characteristics in the world.
4. The difference between summer monsoon and winter monsoon
5. Advantages and disadvantages of monsoon climate:
Beneficial effects: rain and heat are synchronized, which is beneficial to agricultural production.
Adverse effects: precipitation is very unstable, prone to floods and droughts (summer monsoon is too strong, prone to floods; The summer monsoon is too weak to cause drought.
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Chapter VII Our Surrounding Areas and Countries
Section 1 Japan
I. Island countries with many volcanoes and earthquakes
1. Location:
Land and sea location: an island country located in the east of Asia and the northwest of the Pacific Ocean, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Sea of Japan in the west.
2. Territorial composition: It consists of Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu, and their nearby islands.
Territorial evaluation: the country is long and narrow from north to south, the coastline is tortuous, and there are many excellent harbors, which are very beneficial to Japan's fishery, shipbuilding, maritime transportation and foreign economic ties.
3. Topographic features: mainly mountainous areas and hills, with narrow plains and mostly distributed along the coast.
4. Many volcanoes and earthquakes. Mount Fuji is a symbol of Japan and an active volcano. )
Japan is located in the volcanic and seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by crustal activity between the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate.
Second, industry is closely connected with the world.
1. economic characteristics: the processing trade economy (importing raw materials-processing-exporting industrial products) is highly dependent on foreign countries, and it needs to import raw materials from abroad and export finished products. )
2. Reasons for Japan's close economic ties with the world (targeting overseas markets):
Advantages: convenient shipping conditions and advanced technology.
Disadvantages: small area, poor resources, serious shortage of domestic supply and serious dependence on foreign countries.
3. Industrial distribution characteristics: concentrated in the Pacific coast and Seto inland sea coast.
4. Major industrial zones and cities: (from east to west) Keihin Industrial Zone (Tokyo and Yokohama), Nagoya Industrial Zone, Hanshin Industrial Zone (Osaka and Kobe), Setouchi Industrial Zone and Kitakyushu Industrial Zone.
Third, the culture that is compatible with the East and the West (will be illustrated by examples) has a strong traditional color of Yamato nationality and a strong western flavor.
Section 2 Southeast Asia
First, the location of the "crossroads"
1. Composition: zhina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago.
2. Land and sea location: located at the "crossroads" between Asia and Oceania, the Pacific Ocean and India.
Malacca Strait, located between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra Island, is the shortest route for ports in Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia and East Asia, and also the main channel for transporting oil from West Asia and Africa to East Asia. Known as the "lifeline at sea".
Second, tropical climate and agricultural production.
1. Latitude: Most of them are located in the tropics.
2. Main climate types and characteristics: tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, high temperature and abundant precipitation throughout the year.
3. The main grain crop rice is also one of the important production bases of tropical cash crops in the world, and it is the largest natural rubber, palm, oil palm, coconut and banana producing area in the world.
4. Understand the daily consumption behavior and the protection of tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia.
Third, mountains and rivers and urban distribution
1. The mountains and rivers in Indochina Peninsula mostly extend from north to south, with the characteristics of alternating mountains and rivers and vertical distribution.
2. Relationship between rivers and cities: The cities in Indochina Peninsula are mainly distributed along the river and in the estuary delta.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of cities along the river:
Benefits: The terrain along the A River is flat, providing construction land for the city; This river is a waterway. Convenient external transportation; C. provide sufficient water for urban industrial production and residents' life; D. fertile soil, convenient irrigation and developed agriculture;
Disadvantages: floods are prone to occur in rainy season, posing a threat to people's lives; Urban sewage will pollute rivers.
Fourth, tropical tourist attractions.
Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar, Borobudur in Indonesia, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Water Market in Bangkok, Thailand, Halong Bay in Vietnam, and Garden City in Singapore.
Section 3 India
I the second most populous country in the world
1. India is the largest country in South Asia.
2.20 1 1 year, the population of India reaches 12 1 billion, ranking second in the world. At present, the population of India is still growing at a relatively fast rate.
Second, the tropical monsoon climate and food production
1. Most of them are located in the tropics and subtropics, with tropical monsoon climate as the main climate.
2. Tropical monsoon climate characteristics: high temperature all year round, divided into dry season and rainy season. (dry season 10 to May of the following year, the northeast monsoon prevails; The rainy season is from June to September every year, and the southwest monsoon prevails. )
3. The southwest monsoon is very unstable, and floods and droughts are frequent: the southwest monsoon comes early, retreats late or the wind is strong, which is easy to cause floods; The southwest monsoon comes late, retreats early or the wind is too weak, which is easy to cause drought.
4. Main food crops: rice and wheat.
Terrain: North-Mountain-Himalayas; Central Plain-Ganges Plain; South Plateau-Deccan Plateau.
The relationship between grain production and natural conditions: rice is mainly distributed in plain areas with high precipitation and high temperature; Wheat is mainly distributed in plateau areas with little precipitation and low temperature.
Third, the fast-growing service outsourcing industry.
1. India takes advantage of its rich human resources, low labor cost, popular English and early development of information technology to actively undertake foreign service outsourcing orders and develop the information technology service outsourcing industry. Service outsourcing industry has the characteristics of high information technology content, large profits and low resource consumption.
2. Software outsourcing accounts for 2/3 of the global software outsourcing market and is known as the world office. Bangalore is the birthplace of Indian software outsourcing industry.
Section 4 Russia
First, across the northern part of Eurasia.
1. The largest country in the world
2. Geographical location:
(1) Latitude and longitude: most of the territory is between 50 N and 70 N, most of the territory is in the north temperate zone, and a small part of the north is in the cold zone; Longitude is between 20 e-180, which is the country with the largest longitude span in the world.
(2) Geographical location of land and sea: located in the northern part of Eurasia, bordering the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Baltic Sea in the west, and North America in the northeast across the Bering Strait; Land borders Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea and other countries.
3. Russia is a European country across the Eurasian continent, but it is traditionally considered as a European country.
4. The terrain is mainly plain, mainly in the west, with many plateaus and mountains in the east.
The main topographic areas and rivers distributed from west to east are:
The most widely distributed terrain type is plain.
5. Rivers and lakes: The Volga River is the longest river in Europe and is known as the mother river of Russia; Lake Baikal in Russia is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
6. Climate: temperate continental climate is dominant. Features: the winter is cold and long, the summer is warm and short, the annual temperature difference is large, and the precipitation is less.
Second, rich in natural resources and developed in heavy industry.
1. Natural resources are complete and abundant, and it is one of the few big countries in the world that can be self-sufficient in resources. Reserves and output of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron, nonferrous metals, etc. The accumulation of forests and the reserves of hydropower are the best in the world. Russia is one of the largest energy exporters in the world, known as the "world gas station")
2. Strong industrial foundation and complete departments. Heavy industry is developed, while the development of light industry is relatively lagging behind. Nuclear industry and aerospace industry occupy an important position in the world.
3. Main industrial zones: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone (the most developed region of Russian food and textile industry), Moscow Industrial Zone (the most developed region of Russian industry), Urals Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk Industrial Zone.
4. Illustrate Russia's industrial development according to local conditions with examples.
The formation and development of industrial zones are closely related to the natural resources distributed around them. (The industrial distribution is close to the origin of raw materials)
Third, developed transportation.
1. The transportation department is complete, and railways, highways, aviation, inland rivers, oceans and pipelines are developed. The distribution of transportation lines in Europe and Asia is unbalanced: some railways in Europe are dense, forming a radial railway network centered on Moscow; Asia is vast and sparsely populated, and trans-siberian railway is called "Eurasia Continental Bridge".
2. The reasons why some Siberian railways in Asia are mainly distributed in the southern mountainous areas:
(1) Topographically, Russia is mountainous in southern Asia, which increases the difficulty and cost of railway construction.
② High northern latitude, cold climate and long soil ice age; The southern latitude is lower and the climate is warmer.
(3) From the distribution of resources, industry, population and cities, the southern part is rich in mineral resources, and the construction of railways here is conducive to the development of resources and industries. Moreover, the southern population cities are relatively concentrated and there are many neighboring countries, which is convenient for economic development.
3. Russian passenger transportation mainly depends on railways and highways, and freight transportation mainly depends on railways and pipelines.
4. Sail to Five Seas: The Volga River connects the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea.
5. The capital Moscow is the hub of highway, railway, inland river and air transportation; St Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and an important port along the Baltic Sea.
The second volume of the seventh grade focuses on summarizing the relevant articles on geographical knowledge points:
★ induction of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade
★ Summary of key geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade
★ Focus on the geography exam in the seventh grade.
★ Review knowledge points of geography in the second volume of the seventh grade.
★ Summary of knowledge points under geography in Grade 7 of People's Education Edition
★ Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of geography in the first day of junior high school
★ Summary of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of Grade 7
★ Summary of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of Grade 7
★ Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of geography in the first day of junior high school
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